Slovnica ~21 min jedra še preostane

Povedati zgodbo v preteklosti

Po tej lekciji znate

Znam povedati o preteklosti v celoti: vprašati, odgovoriti „ne“ in navesti tretjo obliko glagola.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 19–21 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

5 min

Na A1 je bil preteklik samo v trdilni povedi. Zdaj — v celoti.

Vprašanje in nikalno poved tvori pomožni glagol did, glavni glagol pa se pri tem vrne v OSNOVNO obliko.

trdilna poved I worked at home. / I went to Italy.
vprašanje Did you work at home? / Did you go to Italy? / What did you do?
nikalna poved I didn't work. / I didn't go.
kratek odgovor Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

To je isti sistem kot v sedanjiku (lekciji A1 #8–#9): končnica preide na pomožni glagol, glavni ostane čist. Did je enak za vse osebe — brez -s in brez izjem.

Tretja oblika glagola. Angleški glagol ima tri oblike, tretja pa bo prišla prav že v naslednjih lekcijah:

osnovna oblika preteklik tretja oblika
work worked worked
go went gone
see saw seen
do did done
have had had
take took taken
give gave given
write wrote written
speak spoke spoken
eat ate eaten
drink drank drunk
be was/were been

Pri pravilnih glagolih sta druga in tretja oblika enaki: worked — worked. Pri nepravilnih se je treba tretje oblike naučiti posebej — prav ta stoji v Present Perfectu (lekcija 3) in v trpniku (lekcija 19).

Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

Dvojni preteklik

✗ Did you worked?

✗ I didn't went

✓ Did you work?

I didn't go. V slovenščini preteklost nosi glavni glagol tudi ob pomožnem („Si delal?“, „Nisem šel“), zato se tudi za did ponuja oblika preteklika. V angleščini preteklost pokaže že did; drugič je ne postavimo. To je najpogostejša napaka ravni.

2

Vprašanje brez did

✗ You went to Italy?

✓ Did you go to Italy?

Ista navada kot v lekciji A1 #8: „Si šel v Italijo?“ je vprašanje samo po intonaciji. V angleščini je to brez did trditev s presenečenjem, ne vprašanje.

3

Tretja oblika namesto druge

✗ I seen it

✗ I gone home

✓ I saw it

I went home. Slovenščina ima za preteklost eno samo obliko glagola („videl“, „šel“), angleščina dve. Zaenkrat zadošča: druga oblika stoji sama, tretja — samo za pomožnim glagolom.

Izgovorjava

3 min

didn't v tekočem govoru izgubi t: /ˈdɪdnt/ → /ˈdɪdn/. Pred soglasnikom t izgine skoraj vedno: I didn't know zveni kot /aɪ ˈdɪdn ˈnəʊ/.

V vprašanju je did nenaglašen — /dɪd/ ali celo samo /d/: Did you go? → /dʒə ˈɡəʊ/. Naglas pade na glavni glagol.

Oglas

Besedilo

3 min

Did you have a good weekend?

Yes, I did. I went to my sister's house on Saturday.

Did you drive there?

No, I didn't. I took the train. I don't drive.

What did you do in the evening?

We cooked dinner and watched an old film. I didn't work at all.

Branje na glas

Vaje

8–10 min

1. Preoblikovanje.

  1. You went to Italy.
  2. She worked at home.
  3. They saw the film.
Prikaži odgovore
Did you go to Italy? / You didn't go to Italy. Did she work at home? / She didn't work at home. Did they see the film? / They didn't see the film.

2. Iskanje napak.

  1. Did you worked yesterday?
  2. I didn't went to work.
  3. You went there?
Prikaži odgovore
Did you work yesterday? / I didn't go to work. / Did you go there?

3. Tri oblike. Napiši drugo in tretjo obliko:

  1. go → —
  2. see → —
  3. take → —
  4. write → —
  5. eat → —
Prikaži odgovore
went — gone, saw — seen, took — taken, wrote — written, ate — eaten.

4. Vstavljanje.

  1. you see the film? — Yes, I
  2. I work on Sunday
  3. What you do yesterday?
Prikaži odgovore
Did / did, didn't, did.
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano

  • did in didn't
  • kratek odgovor
  • vprašalnica z did
  • tretja oblika dvanajstih glagolov

Sledi lekcija 2: kaj se je dogajalo v tistem trenutku.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 38

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

12 besed
  • gone /ɡɒn/ šel, šla (tretja oblika od go)
  • seen /siːn/ videl, videla (tretja oblika od see)
  • done /dʌn/ naredil, naredila (tretja oblika od do)
  • taken /ˈteɪkən/ vzel, vzela (tretja oblika od take)
  • written /ˈrɪtn/ napisal, napisala (tretja oblika od write)
  • eaten /ˈiːtn/ pojedel, pojedla (tretja oblika od eat)
  • been /biːn/ bil, bila (tretja oblika od be)
  • at all /ət ˈɔːl/ sploh
  • weekend /ˌwiːkˈend/ vikend
  • nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ nič
  • everything /ˈevriθɪŋ/ vse
  • somebody /ˈsʌmbədi/ nekdo

Pisanje

Pet povedi o preteklem vikendu, od tega vsaj ena nikalna in eno vprašanje sogovorniku.

Zgled

Last weekend I went to my sister's house. I took the train because I don't drive. We cooked dinner and watched a film. I didn't work at all. Did you have a good weekend?

Kontrolni seznam

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Vadite to lekcijo v drugih razdelkih

Diktatna podlagi te lekcije Zapišite, kar slišite. Preverjanje pokaže vsako besedo, ki se razlikuje, in kako. Napišite narek Branje na glasna podlagi te lekcije Preberite besedilo lekcije na glas — prepoznavanje govora označi besede, ki jih ni ujelo. Preberite besedilo na glas Branje in poslušanjeA1–C1 Besedila na vsaki ravni z vprašanji za razumevanje; prepis se odpre po odgovoru. Preizkusi

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