语法 剩余核心内容 ~21 分钟

说“某人”“某事”“哪儿都没有”

完成本课后你将能够

能谈论不确定的人、东西或地方,并且正确地构成否定句。

开始课程 核心 19–21 分钟 · 步骤:6 · 可选:+2

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。

语法

5 分钟

这类合成词由两部分组成:some / any / no / every + body / thing / where。

人 东西 地方
some- somebody, someone something somewhere
any- anybody, anyone anything anywhere
no- nobody, no one nothing nowhere
every- everybody, everyone everything everywhere

选择规则和 A1 第15课的 some、any 一样:

肯定句 Somebody called you. / I saw something.
疑问句 Is there anybody here? / Do you want anything?
否定句 I didn't see anybody. = I saw nobody.

nobody、nothing、nowhere 本身已经包含否定,所以动词保持肯定形式: I saw nothing,而不是 I didn't see nothing。

它们后面的动词总是用单数: Everybody is here,Nothing is ready。汉语的“大家”“所有人”听起来是很多人,这很容易让人用错。

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中文母语者的常见错误

已针对你的语言编写
1

any- 作主语,后面再加否定。

✗ Anybody didn't answer → ✓ Nobody answered。汉语说“谁都没回答”“任何人都没回答”,否定放在动词上;英语里 anybody 不能放在句首再接否定,要用 nobody 加肯定的动词。否定只能有一个:✗ I didn't see nobody → ✓ I didn't see anybody。

2

everybody 后面用复数。

✗ Everybody are here

✓ Everybody is here

。汉语的动词不分单复数,“大家都在”又像是在说很多人,所以容易用 are。

3

疑问句里用 some-。

汉语的“什么”“谁”在肯定句、疑问句、否定句里都一样(“我想吃点什么”“你想吃点什么吗?”),所以容易问 Did you see somebody? 一般的疑问句用 any-:Did you see anybody? 用 some- 提问不算错,但表示你期待肯定的回答,或者是在请对方吃喝,和 A1 第15课一样:Would you like something to drink?

4

-thing 读成 /sɪŋ/。

普通话里没有 /θ/(A1 第4课),something、nothing 很容易读成 “some-sing”。舌尖放在上下齿之间:something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/。

发音

3 分钟

合成词的重音落在第一部分: SOMEbody,ANYthing,NOwhere,EVERYone。

第二部分要弱读:-body → /bədi/,-thing → /θɪŋ/,词尾是 A1 第19课学过的那个鼻音 /ŋ/。

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课文

3 分钟

Somebody called you this morning, but they didn't leave a message.

Did they say anything?

Nothing. I asked, but nobody answered.

Is there anybody in the office now?

No, everybody has gone home. There's nobody here.

I can't find my keys anywhere.

朗读

练习

8–10 分钟

1. 填空。

  1. called you this morning
  2. Is there in the office?
  3. has gone home — the office is empty
  4. I asked, but answered
显示答案
Somebody, anybody, Everybody, nobody.

2. 填空。

  1. Did they say ?
  2. I saw interesting yesterday
  3. There is in the fridge — it's empty
显示答案
anything, something, nothing.

3. 改错。

  1. I didn't see nobody.
  2. Everybody are here.
  3. I can't find my keys nowhere.
显示答案
I didn't see anybody. / I didn't see anyone. / I saw nobody. / I saw no one.; Everybody is here.; I can't find my keys anywhere.

4. 配对。

  1. somewhere
  2. somebody
  3. something
显示答案
`somewhere` — 哪儿?; `somebody` — 谁?; `something` — 什么?
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小结

本课已学:以 some- / any- / no- / every- 开头的合成词,some / any / no 的选择规则,不能用双重否定, everybody 后面的动词用单数。下一课——第15课:怎样做事。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 51 课

可选

词卡词汇

12 词
  • anywhere /ˈeniweə/ 任何地方,哪儿都
  • anybody /ˈenibədi/ 任何人,谁
  • nobody /ˈnəʊbədi/ 没有人
  • everybody /ˈevribədi/ 每个人,大家
  • something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ 某事,某物
  • anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ 任何事物,什么
  • nowhere /ˈnəʊweə/ 哪儿都不,无处
  • everywhere /ˈevriweə/ 到处
  • message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ 留言,消息
  • key /kiː/ 钥匙
  • empty /ˈempti/ 空的
  • ask /ɑːsk/ 问

写作

写四个句子,讲讲今天早上的事,用上四个不同的合成词。

范例: Somebody called me this morning. They didn't say anything. There was nobody in the office at eight. Now everybody is here.

检查清单:每个句子只有一个否定吗?everybody 后面的动词用单数了吗?疑问句里用的是 any- 吗?

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