说“某人”“某事”“哪儿都没有”
能谈论不确定的人、东西或地方,并且正确地构成否定句。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
5 分钟这类合成词由两部分组成:some / any / no / every + body / thing / where。
| 人 | 东西 | 地方 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| some- | somebody, someone | something | somewhere |
| any- | anybody, anyone | anything | anywhere |
| no- | nobody, no one | nothing | nowhere |
| every- | everybody, everyone | everything | everywhere |
选择规则和 A1 第15课的 some、any 一样:
| 肯定句 | Somebody called you. / I saw something. |
| 疑问句 | Is there anybody here? / Do you want anything? |
| 否定句 | I didn't see anybody. = I saw nobody. |
nobody、nothing、nowhere 本身已经包含否定,所以动词保持肯定形式: I saw nothing,而不是 I didn't see nothing。
它们后面的动词总是用单数: Everybody is here,Nothing is ready。汉语的“大家”“所有人”听起来是很多人,这很容易让人用错。
中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写any- 作主语,后面再加否定。
✗ Anybody didn't answer → ✓ Nobody answered。汉语说“谁都没回答”“任何人都没回答”,否定放在动词上;英语里 anybody 不能放在句首再接否定,要用 nobody 加肯定的动词。否定只能有一个:✗ I didn't see nobody → ✓ I didn't see anybody。
everybody 后面用复数。
✗ Everybody are here
✓ Everybody is here
。汉语的动词不分单复数,“大家都在”又像是在说很多人,所以容易用 are。
疑问句里用 some-。
汉语的“什么”“谁”在肯定句、疑问句、否定句里都一样(“我想吃点什么”“你想吃点什么吗?”),所以容易问 Did you see somebody? 一般的疑问句用 any-:Did you see anybody? 用 some- 提问不算错,但表示你期待肯定的回答,或者是在请对方吃喝,和 A1 第15课一样:Would you like something to drink?
-thing 读成 /sɪŋ/。
普通话里没有 /θ/(A1 第4课),something、nothing 很容易读成 “some-sing”。舌尖放在上下齿之间:something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/。
发音
3 分钟合成词的重音落在第一部分: SOMEbody,ANYthing,NOwhere,EVERYone。
第二部分要弱读:-body → /bədi/,-thing → /θɪŋ/,词尾是 A1 第19课学过的那个鼻音 /ŋ/。
课文
3 分钟Somebody called you this morning, but they didn't leave a message.
Did they say anything?
Nothing. I asked, but nobody answered.
Is there anybody in the office now?
No, everybody has gone home. There's nobody here.
I can't find my keys anywhere.
练习
8–10 分钟1. 填空。
- called you this morning
- Is there in the office?
- has gone home — the office is empty
- I asked, but answered
显示答案
2. 填空。
- Did they say ?
- I saw interesting yesterday
- There is in the fridge — it's empty
显示答案
3. 改错。
- I didn't see nobody.
- Everybody are here.
- I can't find my keys nowhere.
显示答案
4. 配对。
- somewhere
- somebody
- something
显示答案
小结
本课已学:以 some- / any- / no- / every- 开头的合成词,some / any / no 的选择规则,不能用双重否定, everybody 后面的动词用单数。下一课——第15课:怎样做事。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
12 词- anywhere /ˈeniweə/ 任何地方,哪儿都
- anybody /ˈenibədi/ 任何人,谁
- nobody /ˈnəʊbədi/ 没有人
- everybody /ˈevribədi/ 每个人,大家
- something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ 某事,某物
- anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ 任何事物,什么
- nowhere /ˈnəʊweə/ 哪儿都不,无处
- everywhere /ˈevriweə/ 到处
- message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ 留言,消息
- key /kiː/ 钥匙
- empty /ˈempti/ 空的
- ask /ɑːsk/ 问
写作
写四个句子,讲讲今天早上的事,用上四个不同的合成词。
范例: Somebody called me this morning. They didn't say anything. There was nobody in the office at eight. Now everybody is here.
检查清单:每个句子只有一个否定吗?everybody 后面的动词用单数了吗?疑问句里用的是 any- 吗?