谈论将来
能用三种方式谈论将来,并在它们之间作出选择。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
5 分钟英语有三种表示将来的方式,它们不能互相替换。
| 形式 | 什么时候用 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| will | 说话时当场作出的决定,预测,承诺 | It's cold — I'll close the window. |
| be going to | 事先决定的打算;有明显迹象的预测 | I'm going to visit my sister next week. |
| Present Continuous(现在进行时) | 和别人约好的事,已经安排好的 | I'm meeting Tom at five. |
will 的各种形式:
| I will help you. → I'll help you. | |
| I won't be late. | won't = will not |
| Will you help me? — Yes, I will. |
will 对所有人称都一样,后面的动词用原形,不加 to。
怎么选——只问一个问题:你是什么时候决定的?
| 刚刚决定 | The phone is ringing. I'll answer it. |
| 早就决定了 | I'm going to answer all my letters today. |
| 和别人约好了 | I'm answering questions at the meeting tomorrow. |
中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写用一般现在时说计划。
✗ Tomorrow I go to the cinema(说的是计划)→ ✓ I'm going to the cinema tomorrow(票已经买好)或 I'm going to go(只是打算)。汉语说“明天我去看电影”,动词不变,将来靠“明天”表示;英语的动词形式本身也要表示将来。
什么都用 will。
✗ I will visit my sister next week(早就计划好的)→ ✓ I'm going to visit。“会”“要”“打算”很容易都译成 will,但事先决定的计划通常用 going to。
漏掉 am、is、are。
✗ I going to visit my sister → ✓ I'm going to visit my sister; ✗ I meeting Tom at five → ✓ I'm meeting Tom at five。“我要去”“我打算”前面不需要别的词,英语的 going to 和 -ing 前面却一定要有 am/is/are。
发音
3 分钟'll 几乎听不出来——它只是一个辅音 /l/,粘在代词后面: I'll /aɪl/,he'll /hiːl/,they'll /ðeɪl/。末尾的 /l/ 舌尖要碰到上齿后面,不要省掉,也不要读成“欧”。
won't 读 /wəʊnt/,元音是双元音 /əʊ/。不要和 want /wɒnt/ 混淆:I won't go—— “不去”,I want to go——“想去”。两者只差一个元音,意思却完全不同。
课文
3 分钟Are you free on Saturday?
No, I'm meeting my sister at twelve. We're going to the theatre.
And on Sunday?
I'm going to stay at home. I have a lot of work.
It's raining. Take my umbrella.
Thanks, I'll bring it back on Monday. I won't forget.
练习
8–10 分钟1. 选择。
- The phone is ringing. I answer it
- I visit my sister next week — I decided last month
- I Tom at five — we agreed on Monday
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2. 填空。
- I help you.(主动提出帮忙)
- I be late, I promise
- you open the window?
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3. 改错。
- I will to help you.
- I'm going visit my sister next week.
- Tomorrow I go to the cinema.(票已经买好了)
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4. 配对。
- will
- going to
- Present Continuous
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小结
本课已学:will 和 won't,表示将来的三种方式,以及怎样在它们之间选择。下一课——第10课:规则和义务。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
12 词- won't /wəʊnt/ 不会,将不(will not)
- promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ 答应,保证
- agree /əˈɡriː/ 同意
- free /friː/ 有空的,空闲的
- busy /ˈbɪzi/ 忙的
- theatre /ˈθɪətə/ 剧院
- umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/ 雨伞
- bring back /brɪŋ ˈbæk/ 带回来,归还
- answer /ˈɑːnsə/ 回答;接(电话)
- meeting /ˈmiːtɪŋ/ 见面,会议
- decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ 决定
- sure /ʃʊə/ 确定的,有把握的
写作
写四个句子,讲讲这个周末:一个和别人的约定,一个打算,一个承诺。
范例: I'm meeting my sister on Saturday. We're going to the theatre. On Sunday I'm going to stay at home. I won't work at all.
检查清单:约定用的是 Present Continuous 吗?打算用的是 going to 吗?will 后面没有 to 吧?