Gramatika ~20 min z jadra zostáva

Povedať, kde som bol(a)

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Viem povedať, kde som bol(a) včera a čo tam bolo.

Začať lekciu Jadro 18–20 min · kroky: 6 · voliteľné: +2

Deklarovaný čas jadra. Dva bloky jadra nemajú žiadny údaj, takže skutočná lekcia je dlhšia ako tento súčet.

Gramatika

4 min

Sloveso be má v minulom čase iba dva tvary:

I / he / she / it was
you / we / they were
I was at home yesterday. Včera som bol(a) doma.
They were in Italy last summer. Minulé leto boli v Taliansku.
Were you at work? Bol(a) si v práci?
I wasn't at home. Nebol(a) som doma.

There was a there were — to isté ako there is / there are z lekcie 13, len v minulom čase: There was a café here, There were two shops on this street.

Výrazy minulého času: yesterday, last week, last year, two days ago, in 2020.

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Chyby slovensky hovoriacich

napísané pre váš jazyk
1

Chýbajúci podmet

✗ Was at home yesterday → ✓ I was at home yesterday; ✗ Was a café here → ✓ There was a café here. V slovenčine „Včera som bol doma“ osobu prezradí už tvar „som bol“, zámeno netreba, a „Bola tu kaviareň“ sa zaobíde bez akéhokoľvek podmetu. Anglická veta ho potrebuje vždy: I, she, we… alebo there.

2

was namiesto were

✗ You was at home

✓ You were at home

V slovenčine sa „ty si bol“ a „vy ste boli“ líšia číslom, a tak pri jednom človeku ruka siahne po was. V angličtine však pri you stojí were vždy, aj keď ide o jedného človeka.

3

There was pri množnom čísle

✗ There was five shops here → ✓ There were five shops here; rovnako ✓ There were a lot of people in the park. Slovenčina hovorí „Bolo tu päť obchodov“, „Bolo tam veľa ľudí“: po číslovkách od päť a po „veľa“ stojí sloveso v jednotnom čísle. Angličtina sa riadi podstatným menom: shops, people → were.

4

Poradie s ago

✗ ago two days

✗ I was there before two days

✓ I was there two days ago

Slovenské „pred dvoma dňami“ dáva „pred“ na začiatok, pred číslo, a „pred“ je zároveň aj before. Anglické ago stojí za časovým údajom: two days ago, a year ago.

Výslovnosť

3 min

was a were sú v plynulej reči slabé: /wəz/ a /wə/. Prízvučné sú iba v krátkej odpovedi a v zápore: Yes, I was, I wasn't.

Práve preto I was at home znie v reči skoro ako /aɪ wəz ət ˈhəʊm/ — to je norma.

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Text

3 min

Yesterday I was at home. The weather was cold and it was raining. My sister was at work. She wasn't at home in the evening. Last summer we were in Italy. The weather was hot and sunny. There was a small café next to our hotel. There were a lot of people on the beach.

Čítanie nahlas

Cvičenia

8–10 min

1. Doplňovanie.

  1. I at home yesterday
  2. They in Italy last summer
  3. You at work
  4. The weather cold
Zobraziť odpovede
was, were, were, was.

2. Doplňovanie.

  1. a café on this street
  2. two shops here
  3. a lot of people in the park
Zobraziť odpovede
There was, There were, There were.

3. Hľadanie chyby.

  1. You was at home.
  2. Was at work yesterday.
  3. I was there ago two days.
Zobraziť odpovede
You were at home; I was at work yesterday. / He was at work yesterday. / She was at work yesterday. / Yesterday I was at work; I was there two days ago.

4. Priraďovanie.

  1. yesterday
  2. last year
  3. two days ago
  4. now
Zobraziť odpovede
`yesterday`, `last year`, `two days ago` — v minulosti; `now` — teraz.
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Zhrnutie

Prebrali sme

  • was a were
  • there was / there were
  • výrazy minulého času

Ďalej — lekcia 28: rozprávať o tom, ako prebehol víkend.

Koniec jadra

Lekcia sa považuje za dokončenú, keď sú splnené cvičenia. Všetko za tým je voliteľné.

Lekcia 28

voliteľné

Slovíčka do balíčka

12 slov
  • yesterday /ˈjestədeɪ/ včera
  • last /lɑːst/ minulý
  • ago /əˈɡəʊ/ pred
  • week /wiːk/ týždeň
  • month /mʌnθ/ mesiac
  • year /jɪə/ rok
  • holiday /ˈhɒlədeɪ/ dovolenka, prázdniny
  • people /ˈpiːpl/ ľudia
  • a lot of /ə ˈlɒt əv/ mnoho
  • beach /biːtʃ/ pláž
  • sea /siː/ more
  • mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ hora

Písanie

Štyri vety: kde si bol(a) včera, kde si bol(a) minulé leto, aké bolo počasie.

Vzor

Yesterday I was at home. The weather was cold. Last summer I was in Italy. It was hot and sunny.

Kontrolný zoznam

Koncept je uložený na tomto zariadení
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