难点 剩余核心内容 ~45 分钟

复习一(第1–5课)

开始课程 核心 45 分钟 · 步骤:3 · 可选:+1

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。

B1 不再单独设不规则动词板块。

难点

10 分钟

要同时说到两样东西时,英语用成对的连词。这样的连词有三对,意思大致相当于汉语的 “……和……都”“要么……要么……”“既不……也不……”。

形式:

both … and ……和……都,两个都 Both my brother and my sister live abroad.
either … or 要么……要么……,二者之一 We can meet either on Monday or on Tuesday.
neither … nor 既不……也不…… Neither the train nor the bus was running.

什么时候用。

both … and 表示合在一起:两者都成立。用 both … and 连接的主语总是复数,动词也用复数: Both Tom and Anna are coming.

either … or 表示选择:两者之中有一个成立。You can either pay now or pay later. Either Mark or Lucy will meet you at the station. 这对连词也可以连接两个完整的句子——条件和最后通牒听起来就是这样的:Either you tell him, or I will.(“要么你告诉他,要么我告诉他。”)这时第二部分前面要加逗号。

neither … nor 否定两者:两者都不成立。这对连词本身就带有否定,所以后面的动词用肯定形式: Neither Tom nor Anna has called. 汉语说“汤姆和安娜都没打电话”,或者“既不是……也不是……”,否定词就在动词前面;英语里否定只在 neither … nor 身上出现一次,动词不再加 not。这是本课最重要的规则。

动词和哪个主语一致。 用 either … or 和 neither … nor 时,动词和离它最近的主语一致: Neither my brother nor my parents are at home. Either my parents or my sister is going to pick you up. 口语里,neither … nor 连接两个单数主语时也常用复数——Neither Tom nor Anna have called;书面上用单数更稳妥。

连词放在哪里。 每个连词都紧挨在它所连接的那一部分前面,而且两部分的类型要相同:两个名词、两个动词、两个状语。 She speaks both French and German.——连词后面是两种语言。 We can either take a taxi or walk.——连词后面是两个动作。 He neither called nor wrote.——他既没打电话,也没写信。

比较 neither … nor 和普通的否定:

I don't like tea or coffee. 日常说法
I like neither tea nor coffee. 书面,语气更强

日常口语里,“既不……也不……”多半用带 or 的否定来表达,neither … nor 留给书面语,或者想要强调“两个都不”的时候。

怎么读。 either 和 neither 在英式英语里有两种读法:/ˈaɪðə/ 或 /ˈiːðə/,/ˈnaɪðə/ 或 /ˈniːðə/。两种都对——选一种,一直用下去。连词本身不重读;重音落在它们所连接的内容上: “both TOM and ANna”。第二部分前面稍作停顿,让人听清这是选择还是并列。

更多例句:

Both the hotel and the restaurant were full. 酒店和餐厅都满了。
The flat is both cheap and close to the station. 这套公寓既便宜,离车站又近。
You can either call or send a message. 可以打电话,也可以发消息。

不能这样说。 ✗ Neither the train nor the bus wasn't running → ✓ Neither the train nor the bus was running。第二个否定是多余的。

自我检测。 用 neither … nor 说“汤姆和安娜都没来”,英语怎么说? Both my sister and my brother ___ (live) in York 里要用哪个动词形式? She both speaks French and German 错在哪里?

显示答案
Neither Tom nor Anna came; live——both … and 后面的动词总是用复数; both 没有放在它所连接的那部分前面:She speaks both French and German.
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第1–5课练习

35 分钟

1. 综合填空。

  1. When I (arrive), the train (already / leave)
  2. I (lose) my wallet ——到现在还没找到。
  3. I (work) here for five years ——现在还在这里工作。
  4. I (meet) the client at four ——我们约好了。
  5. By the time we (get) there, the shop (close)
  6. Your coat is wet. it (rain)?
  7. When you (buy) this jacket?
  8. The film (start) at eight ——节目单上是这么写的。
显示答案
arrived / had already left; have lost; have been working / have worked; am meeting; got / had closed; Has / been raining; did / buy; starts

2. 改错。

  1. We had visited Rome ten years ago.
  2. When have you moved to this flat?
  3. I work here since March.
  4. I'm about to leave next week.
  5. I've been writing three letters today.
  6. By the time when we arrived, the film had started.
  7. Neither Tom nor Anna didn't come.
  8. She had went to bed before I got home.
显示答案
We visited Rome ten years ago; When did you move to this flat?; I've worked here since March / I've been working here since March; I'm leaving next week / I'm going to leave next week; I've written three letters today; By the time we arrived, the film had started; Neither Tom nor Anna came; She had gone to bed before I got home

3. 合成一句

  1. Tom is coming. + Anna is coming. (both)
  2. The train wasn't running. + The bus wasn't running. (neither)
  3. We can go on Monday. + We can go on Tuesday. (either)
  4. He didn't call. + He didn't write. (neither)
  5. The hotel was full. + The restaurant was full. (both)
显示答案
Both Tom and Anna are coming; Neither the train nor the bus was running / Neither the train nor the bus were running; We can go either on Monday or on Tuesday / We can go on either Monday or Tuesday; He neither called nor wrote; Both the hotel and the restaurant were full

4. 配对。

  1. How long have you been waiting?
  2. When did you get here?
  3. Had you met him before?
  4. What are you doing tonight?
显示答案
`How long have you been waiting?` — `About twenty minutes.`; `When did you get here?` — `At half past six.`; `Had you met him before?` — `No, that was the first time.`; `What are you doing tonight?` — `I'm seeing a friend.`

5. 按括号里的提示改写。

  1. I started learning English three years ago. (for ——现在还在学)
  2. They've closed the bridge.(用 when 提问)
  3. I lost my keys. Then I couldn't get in.(用 because 合成一句)
  4. I've decided to visit my sister next month. (going to)
  5. We arranged to meet Sam on Friday. (Present Continuous)
显示答案
I've been learning English for three years; When did they close the bridge? / When did they close it?; I couldn't get in because I had lost my keys; I'm going to visit my sister next month; We're meeting Sam on Friday

6. 译成英语。

1) 我们到的时候,电影已经开始了。 2) 我等你已经等了半个小时了! 3) 你去过威尔士吗?——去过,我去年去过那儿。 4) 我想明天会很冷。 5) 汤姆和他哥哥都不会说法语。

显示答案
When we arrived, the film had already started; I've been waiting for you for half an hour!; Have you ever been to Wales? — Yes, I went there last year; I think it'll be cold tomorrow / I think it will be cold tomorrow; Neither Tom nor his brother speaks French / Neither Tom nor his brother speak French
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小结

本课已学:第1–5课全部内容,以及 both … and、either … or、neither … nor 这三对连词。下一课——第7课:那个时候我将在做什么。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 79 课

可选

小型产出

口头讲一讲,再写下来——十个句子:你迟到的一次经历,要带前情;你最近丢了或找到了什么;你最近在忙什么,忙了多久;你这一周有什么计划。至少有一个句子要用 both … and、either … or 或 neither … nor。

学第7课之前的检查清单:

  • 较早发生的事用了 had + 第三种形式,旁边有一件较晚发生的事吗?
  • 消息用了完成时,细节用了一般过去时吗?
  • 重要的是过程或持续时间的地方用了进行形式,有数量的地方用了简单形式吗?
  • 约定用了现在进行时,时刻表用了一般现在时吗?
  • 当场的决定和承诺用了 will,be about to 旁边没有说时间吧?
  • neither … nor 后面没有再加 not 吧?
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