准确地谈论将来
能从五种将来形式中选出需要的那一种，并说明为什么选它。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
15 分钟在 A2 将来有三种形式，选择时只问一个问题：你是什么时候决定的（A2 第9课）？现在有五种形式。新加的两种是表示时刻表的一般现在时，和表示一分钟之内就会发生的 be about to。“什么时候决定的？” 仍然是最主要的问题，但还要再加两个：这件事由不由我们决定，它离现在有多近。
五种形式，各自表达什么：
| 形式 | 表达什么 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| will | 说话时当场作出的决定，承诺，主动提出帮忙，对将来的看法 | I'll help you with those bags. |
| be going to | 事先决定的打算；根据眼前看到的情况作出的预测 | Look at those clouds — it's going to rain. |
| Present Continuous | 约定：有时间、地点和别的人 | I'm meeting a client at four. |
| Present Simple | 时刻表、节目单、日程表 | The train leaves at 7.40. |
| be about to | 马上就要，一分钟之内 | Hurry up — the film is about to start. |
逐一细说。
will——这样的将来既不在计划里，也不在日程表上。当场决定： The phone's ringing. I'll get it. 承诺：I won't tell anyone. 推测： I think it'll be cold tomorrow. 和 I think、probably、I'm sure 连用时，几乎总是用 will。
be going to——心里已经有了决定：We're going to paint the kitchen this summer. 还有一种预测，它有看得见的原因：She's going to be late — she's still at home.
现在进行时——同样是打算，但已经和别人约好，记进了日程： We're having dinner with Sam on Friday. 如果有票、约会或预订，就用现在进行时。没有时间词，这个形式会被理解成“正在进行”，所以说约定时几乎总要加上什么时候：tonight、on Friday、at four。
一般现在时——不由我们决定的将来：火车时刻表、电影开场时间、工作时间表。 The museum opens at ten. My course starts on Monday.
be about to——“马上就要”，不说具体时间：I'm about to leave — can I call you back?
怎样在几秒钟内选好。 按顺序问自己这几个问题。有时刻表或节目单吗？——一般现在时。和别人约好了，有时间和地点吗？——现在进行时。早就决定了，或者看到了迹象？——going to。现在当场决定、承诺或者只是推测？——will。一分钟之内就会发生？——be about to。第一个回答“是”的问题，就给出了要用的形式。
值得区分的三对：
| It'll rain tomorrow. ——我是这么想的 | It's going to rain. ——我看到了乌云 |
| I'll call Anna. ——刚刚决定 | I'm calling Anna at six. ——约好了 |
| The train leaves at 7.40. ——时刻表 | The train is leaving! ——现在正要开 |
going to 还是现在进行时。 两种形式说的都是事先决定的事。区别在于你有没有和别人约好：
| I'm going to see a doctor. | 决定去看医生，但还没有预约。 |
| I'm seeing the doctor at ten. | 已经预约了：时间定好了。 |
用动词 go 和 come 时，通常不说 I'm going to go，而是直接说 I'm going to Spain in May——这样更简短，意思一样。
预测时用 will 还是 going to。 will 表示对将来的看法或了解：我是这么想的，通常会这样。 going to 是从眼前看到的情况得出的结论：
| Don't worry, you'll pass the exam. | 我相信你。 |
| Careful! You're going to drop those plates. | 我看到盘子在往下滑。 |
一般现在时还是现在进行时。 时刻表不由我们决定，约定却是我们自己的： The match starts at three——节目单上是这样写的；We're watching the match at Tom's—— 我们是这样约好的。
一个故事，五种形式。 看看计划一步步变成现实时，形式是怎样变化的：
I need a holiday. I know — I'll go to Spain! ← 当场决定 I'm going to spend a week in Spain in May. ← 有了决定，还没买票 I'm flying to Malaga on the third of May. ← 票已经买好 The flight leaves at 6.15. ← 时刻表 We're about to take off. ← 一分钟之内
不能这样说。 ✗ I'm about to leave tomorrow → ✓ I'm leaving tomorrow。 be about to 的意思是“一分钟之内”，旁边不说时间。
自我检测。 你看到一个骑自行车的孩子眼看就要摔倒。你会说什么——He'll fall 还是 He's going to fall？My flight ___ (leave) at 6.15 里用哪种形式？ I'm going to see a doctor 和 I'm seeing the doctor at ten 有什么区别？
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中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写主动帮忙时漏掉 will。
✗ Wait, I help you!
✓ Wait, I'll help you!
汉语说“等等，我帮你！”，动词不变，将来的意思靠上下文；英语当场的决定和主动帮忙要用 will。
简短回答重复实义动词。
✗ Will you come to my party? — Yes, I come.
✓ Yes, I will.
汉语回答时重复问句里的动词（“你来吗？——来！”）。英语的简短回答重复的是助动词：问句用 will，回答也用 will。
be about to 加时间。
✗ I'm about to leave tomorrow
✓ I'm leaving tomorrow
。汉语“我明天就要走了”里的“就要”可以带时间词，be about to 却只表示“一分钟之内”，不能加 tomorrow、next week。
用一般现在时说个人计划。
Tomorrow I go to the dentist 听起来像日程表上的一行。说自己约好的事，通常说 ✓ I'm going to the dentist tomorrow。汉语“明天我去看牙医” 动词不变，将来靠“明天”表示；英语的一般现在时说将来时，听起来像时刻表，不像你的计划。
约定也用 will。
I will meet him at four 不算错，但说事先约好的见面，听起来像当场的决定或承诺。说约定时用 ✓ I'm meeting him at four。“会”“要”很容易都译成 will。
发音
4 分钟快速说话时 going to 读作 /ˈɡənə/（再练 A1 第32课）：I'm going to call her 听起来是 /aɪm ˈɡənə ˈkɔːl hə/。不需要写成 gonna，但一定要能听懂。
肯定句里的 will 缩成 /l/： I'll /aɪl/，we'll /wiːl/，it'll /ˈɪtl/。在简短回答里它才重读并读完整：Yes, I will。
won't 和 want 靠元音区分： won't /wəʊnt/——和 go 里的元音一样；want /wɒnt/—— 短元音 /ɒ/。I won't go——“不去”，I want to go——“想去”。读混了，意思就正好相反。
课文
5 分钟What are you doing on Friday?
I'm meeting a client at four — we arranged it last week. After that I'm free. The office closes early on Fridays.
Great. Emma and I are going to look at a flat on Saturday morning. Do you want to come? You're good at spotting problems.
I'd love to. What time?
The agent hasn't confirmed yet. She's going to send me the address this evening.
OK. I'll come if I'm not too tired. Text me the time later.
I will. And the forecast says it'll be sunny, so we're going to have lunch in the park afterwards.
Have you looked at the sky? Look at those clouds. It's going to rain any minute.
Then let's hurry. The last bus leaves at ten past six, and it's six o'clock now.
Wait — my phone's ringing. It's the agent. I think she's about to tell us the time.
练习
30 分钟1. 选择。
- Look at those clouds — it (rain)
- I (meet) the client at four — we arranged it last week
- According to the timetable, the train (leave) at 7.40
- Hurry — the film (start) ——马上就要开始了。
- The phone's ringing. I (get) it
- We (paint) the kitchen this summer — we've already bought the paint
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2. 选择。
- — There's no milk. — Really? I (get) some on the way home
- — Why are you putting your coat on? — I (buy) some milk. I decided an hour ago
- The sky's completely black. There (be) a storm
- I'm sure you (love) this film
- — I can't open this jar. — Give it to me. I (do) it
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3. 改错。
- Wait, I help you with the bags.
- I'm about to leave tomorrow.
- It's going rain this afternoon.
- Will you come to my party? — Yes, I come.
- She's about to arriving.
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4. 配对。
- will
- Present Continuous
- Present Simple
- be going to
- be about to
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5. 按括号里的情况改写。
- I meet Anna at six.（约好了）
- It will rain.（看得见乌云）
- I'm going to answer the phone.（刚刚决定：电话响了）
- The film will start at eight.（电影院的节目单上写的）
- I'm leaving.（马上就要，一分钟之内）
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6. 把提示扩展成回答
- Are you free on Saturday? (no / I / meet / my parents ——约好了)
- What time is your train? (it / leave / at 8.15)
- What are your plans for the summer? (I / learn / to drive ——已经决定了)
- I'm so thirsty. (I / get / you some water ——当场决定)
- Why are you running? (the shop / close ——马上就要)
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7. 用完整的句子说说你的计划。
下面的答案是范例。 1) What are you doing this weekend? 2) What are you going to do after this course? 3) What time does your working day start tomorrow?
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8. 译成英语。
1) 火车7点40分开。 2) 我想你会喜欢这部电影的。 3) 小心，要掉下来了！ 4) 星期五我们要和萨姆见面。
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小结
本课已学：五种将来形式以及选择每一种时要问的问题，will 和 going to、going to 和现在进行时这两对的区别，时刻表和约定，won't 和 want。下一课——第6课：复习第1–5课。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
15 词- client /ˈklaɪənt/ 客户
- arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ 约定，安排
- agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ 中介，代理人
- confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ 确认
- forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ 天气预报
- cloud /klaʊd/ 云
- be about to /bi əˈbaʊt tə/ 马上就要（做某事）
- afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ 后来，之后
- text /tekst/ 发短信
- spot /spɒt/ 发现，注意到
- hurry /ˈhʌri/ 赶紧，匆忙
- any minute /ˌeni ˈmɪnɪt/ 随时，马上
- dentist /ˈdentɪst/ 牙医
- storm /stɔːm/ 暴风雨，雷雨
- take off /ˌteɪk ˈɒf/ 起飞
写作
写六句话，说说接下来的一周：一个约定，一个打算，一个根据迹象作出的预测，一个时刻表，一个当场作出的决定。
范例： I'm meeting a client on Friday at four. We're going to look at a new flat on Saturday. The office closes at three on Fridays, so I'll have time to get ready. Look at the sky — it's going to rain all weekend. Oh, and I've just remembered — it's Anna's birthday on Sunday. I'll buy her a present tomorrow.
检查清单：约定用了现在进行时吗？时刻表用了一般现在时吗？当场的决定和承诺用了 will 吗？ be about to 旁边没有说时间吧？