Škakljiva tema ~45 min od osnove preostalo

Ponavljanje 1 (lekcije 1–5)

Započni lekciju Jezgro 45 min · koraci: 3 · opciono: +1

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Posebnog bloka sa nepravilnim glagolima na B1 nema.

Škakljiva tema

10 min

Kad treba reći nešto o dve stvari odjednom, engleski uzima par veznika. Takva para ima tri, i po značenju se poklapaju sa srpskim „i… i“, „ili… ili“, „ni… ni“.

Oblik:

both … and i… i, oba Both my brother and my sister live abroad.
either … or ili… ili, jedno od dva We can meet either on Monday or on Tuesday.
neither … nor ni… ni Neither the train nor the bus was running.

Kada se koristi.

both … and spaja: tačno je i jedno i drugo. Podmet sa both … and uvek je u množini, pa i glagol: Both Tom and Anna are coming.

either … or nudi izbor: tačno je jedno od dva. You can either pay now or pay later. Either Mark or Lucy will meet you at the station. Par može da spaja i dve cele rečenice — tako zvuče uslovi i ultimatumi: Either you tell him, or I will. („Ili ćeš mu ti reći, ili ću ja.“) Tada se ispred drugog dela stavlja zarez.

neither … nor negira oba: nije tačno ni jedno ni drugo. Ovaj par sam nosi negaciju, zato je glagol posle njega potvrdan: Neither Tom nor Anna has called. Na srpskom „ni Tom ni Ana nisu zvali“ — negacija se čuje dvaput, u engleskom — jednom. To je glavno pravilo teme.

Sa kojom rečju se glagol slaže. Posle either … or i neither … nor glagol gleda na podmet koji mu je najbliži: Neither my brother nor my parents are at home. Either my parents or my sister is going to pick you up. U razgovoru se posle neither … nor često stavlja množina i za dva podmeta u jednini — Neither Tom nor Anna have called; u pisanju je sigurnija jednina.

Gde stoje veznici. Svaki veznik stoji tačno ispred svog dela, a delovi moraju biti iste vrste: dve imenice, dva glagola, dve priloške odredbe. She speaks both French and German. — posle veznika dva jezika. We can either take a taxi or walk. — posle veznika dve radnje. He neither called nor wrote. — nije ni zvao ni pisao.

Uporedi neither … nor sa običnom negacijom:

I don't like tea or coffee. običan razgovor
I like neither tea nor coffee. knjiški i s naglaskom

U svakodnevnom govoru „ni… ni“ se češće prenosi negacijom sa or, a neither … nor ostaje za pisanje i za slučajeve kad hoćeš da naglasiš: ni jedno ni drugo.

Kako izgovarati. either i neither u britanskom engleskom imaju dva izgovora: /ˈaɪðə/ ili /ˈiːðə/, /ˈnaɪðə/ ili /ˈniːðə/. Oba su pravilna — izaberi jedan i drži ga se. Sami veznici su nenaglašeni; naglasak pada na ono što spajaju: „both TOM and ANna“. Ispred drugog dela pravi se kratka pauza, da se izbor ili nabrajanje čuju.

Još primera:

Both the hotel and the restaurant were full. I hotel i restoran bili su puni.
The flat is both cheap and close to the station. Stan je i jeftin i blizu stanice.
You can either call or send a message. Možeš da pozoveš ili da pošalješ poruku.

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ Neither the train nor the bus wasn't running → ✓ Neither the train nor the bus was running. Druga negacija je suvišna.

Proveri se. Kako reći „ni Tom ni Ana nisu došli“? Koji glagol treba u Both my sister and my brother ___ (live) in York? Šta nije u redu u She both speaks French and German?

prikaži odgovore
Neither Tom nor Anna came; live — posle both … and glagol je uvek u množini; both ne stoji ispred svog dela: She speaks both French and German.
Oglas

Vežbe za lekcije 1–5

35 min

1. Mešovito popunjavanje.

  1. When I (arrive), the train (already / leave)
  2. I (lose) my wallet — još ga nema
  3. I (work) here for five years — i sada radim ovde
  4. I (meet) the client at four — dogovorili smo se
  5. By the time we (get) there, the shop (close)
  6. Your coat is wet. it (rain)?
  7. When you (buy) this jacket?
  8. The film (start) at eight — tako piše u programu
Prikaži odgovore
arrived / had already left; have lost; have been working / have worked; am meeting; got / had closed; Has / been raining; did / buy; starts

2. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. We had visited Rome ten years ago.
  2. When have you moved to this flat?
  3. I work here since March.
  4. I'm about to leave next week.
  5. I've been writing three letters today.
  6. By the time when we arrived, the film had started.
  7. Neither Tom nor Anna didn't come.
  8. She had went to bed before I got home.
Prikaži odgovore
We visited Rome ten years ago; When did you move to this flat?; I've worked here since March / I've been working here since March; I'm leaving next week / I'm going to leave next week; I've written three letters today; By the time we arrived, the film had started; Neither Tom nor Anna came; She had gone to bed before I got home

3. Spoji dve rečenice

  1. Tom is coming. + Anna is coming. (both)
  2. The train wasn't running. + The bus wasn't running. (neither)
  3. We can go on Monday. + We can go on Tuesday. (either)
  4. He didn't call. + He didn't write. (neither)
  5. The hotel was full. + The restaurant was full. (both)
Prikaži odgovore
Both Tom and Anna are coming; Neither the train nor the bus was running / Neither the train nor the bus were running; We can go either on Monday or on Tuesday / We can go on either Monday or Tuesday; He neither called nor wrote; Both the hotel and the restaurant were full

4. Povezivanje.

  1. How long have you been waiting?
  2. When did you get here?
  3. Had you met him before?
  4. What are you doing tonight?
Prikaži odgovore
`How long have you been waiting?` — `About twenty minutes.`; `When did you get here?` — `At half past six.`; `Had you met him before?` — `No, that was the first time.`; `What are you doing tonight?` — `I'm seeing a friend.`

5. Pretvori

  1. I started learning English three years ago. (for — i još uvek učim)
  2. They've closed the bridge. (pitanje sa when)
  3. I lost my keys. Then I couldn't get in. (jedna rečenica sa because)
  4. I've decided to visit my sister next month. (going to)
  5. We arranged to meet Sam on Friday. (Present Continuous)
Prikaži odgovore
I've been learning English for three years; When did they close the bridge? / When did they close it?; I couldn't get in because I had lost my keys; I'm going to visit my sister next month; We're meeting Sam on Friday

6. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Kad smo stigli, film je već počeo. 2) Čekam te već pola sata! 3) Da li si ikada bio u Velsu? — Da, išao sam tamo prošle godine. 4) Mislim da će sutra biti hladno. 5) Ni Tom ni njegov brat ne govore francuski.

Prikaži odgovore
When we arrived, the film had already started; I've been waiting for you for half an hour!; Have you ever been to Wales? — Yes, I went there last year; I think it'll be cold tomorrow / I think it will be cold tomorrow; Neither Tom nor his brother speaks French / Neither Tom nor his brother speak French
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno

  • lekcije 1–5 u celini i parovi both … and
  • either … or
  • neither … nor

Sledi lekcija 7: šta ću raditi u to vreme.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 79

opciono

Samostalni govor i pisanje

Ispričaj naglas i zapiši deset rečenica: slučaj kada si zakasnio, sa predistorijom; šta si nedavno izgubio ili našao; čime se baviš u poslednje vreme i koliko dugo; šta planiraš za ovu nedelju. Bar jedna rečenica — sa both … and, either … or ili neither … nor.

Kontrolna lista pre lekcije 7:

  • da li raniji događaj ima had + treći oblik, i da li je u blizini kasniji?
  • novost u Present Perfectu, pojedinosti u Past Simpleu?
  • gde je važan proces ili trajanje — trajni oblik, gde je važan broj — prosti?
  • dogovor kroz Present Continuous, raspored kroz Present Simple?
  • odluka upravo sada i obećanje — kroz will, be about to — bez navođenja vremena?
  • posle neither … nor nema drugog not?
Nacrt je sačuvan na ovom uređaju
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