Zahtevna tema ~45 min jedra še preostane

Ponavljanje 1 (lekcije 1–5)

Začni lekcijo Jedro 45 min · koraki: 3 · izbirno: +1

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Posebnega bloka nepravilnih glagolov na B1 ni.

Zahtevna tema

10 min

Ko je treba povedati o dveh stvareh hkrati, angleščina vzame par veznikov. Takšni pari so trije in po pomenu se ujemajo s slovenskimi „tako… kot“, „ali… ali“, „niti… niti“.

Oblika:

both … and tako… kot, oba Both my brother and my sister live abroad.
either … or ali… ali, eno od dveh We can meet either on Monday or on Tuesday.
neither … nor niti… niti Neither the train nor the bus was running.

Kdaj jih uporabljamo.

both … and združuje: drži eno in drugo. Osebek z both … and je vedno v množini, in glagol tudi: Both Tom and Anna are coming.

either … or ponuja izbiro: drži eno od dveh. You can either pay now or pay later. Either Mark or Lucy will meet you at the station. Par lahko povezuje tudi dve celi povedi — tako zvenijo pogoji in ultimati: Either you tell him, or I will. („Ali mu poveš ti ali pa jaz.“) Pred drugim delom tedaj pišemo vejico.

neither … nor zanika oboje: ne drži ne eno ne drugo. Ta par sam nosi zanikanje, zato je glagol za njim trdilen: Neither Tom nor Anna has called. V slovenščini „niti Tom niti Ana nista poklicala“ — zanikanje se sliši dvakrat, v angleščini enkrat. To je glavno pravilo teme.

S katero besedo se glagol ujema. Za either … or in neither … nor se glagol ravna po osebku, ki mu je najbližji: Neither my brother nor my parents are at home. Either my parents or my sister is going to pick you up. V pogovoru za neither … nor pogosto postavijo množino tudi za dva osebka v ednini — Neither Tom nor Anna have called; v pisavi je ednina zanesljivejša.

Kje stojijo vezniki. Vsak veznik stoji tik pred svojim delom, in dela morata biti iste vrste: dva samostalnika, dva glagola, dve prislovni določili. She speaks both French and German. — za veznikoma dva jezika. We can either take a taxi or walk. — za veznikoma dve dejanji. He neither called nor wrote. — ni poklical in ni pisal.

Primerjaj neither … nor z navadnim zanikanjem:

I don't like tea or coffee. navaden pogovor
I like neither tea nor coffee. knjižno in s poudarkom

V vsakdanjem govoru „niti… niti“ pogosteje izrazimo z zanikanjem in or, neither … nor pa prihranimo za pisavo in za primere, ko hočemo poudariti: ne eno ne drugo.

Kako izgovarjati. either in neither v britanski angleščini zvenita dvojno: /ˈaɪðə/ ali /ˈiːðə/, /ˈnaɪðə/ ali /ˈniːðə/. Obe različici sta pravilni — izberi eno in se je drži. Sami vezniki so nenaglašeni; naglas pade na to, kar povezujejo: „both TOM and ANna“. Pred drugim delom naredimo kratek premor, da se izbira ali naštevanje sliši.

Še primeri:

Both the hotel and the restaurant were full. Tako hotel kot restavracija sta bila polna.
The flat is both cheap and close to the station. Stanovanje je poceni in blizu postaje.
You can either call or send a message. Lahko pokličeš ali pišeš.

Tako se ne reče. ✗ Neither the train nor the bus wasn't running → ✓ Neither the train nor the bus was running. Drugo zanikanje je odveč.

Preveri se. Kako rečeš „niti Tom niti Ana nista prišla“? Kateri glagol je potreben v Both my sister and my brother ___ (live) in York? Kaj je narobe v She both speaks French and German?

prikaži odgovore
Neither Tom nor Anna came; live — za both … and je glagol vedno v množini; both ne stoji pred svojim delom: She speaks both French and German.
Oglas

Vaje za lekcije 1–5

35 min

1. Mešano vstavljanje.

  1. When I (arrive), the train (already / leave)
  2. I (lose) my wallet — še zdaj je ni
  3. I (work) here for five years — in delam tu še zdaj
  4. I (meet) the client at four — dogovorila sva se
  5. By the time we (get) there, the shop (close)
  6. Your coat is wet. it (rain)?
  7. When you (buy) this jacket?
  8. The film (start) at eight — tako piše v sporedu
Prikaži odgovore
arrived / had already left; have lost; have been working / have worked; am meeting; got / had closed; Has / been raining; did / buy; starts

2. Iskanje napak.

  1. We had visited Rome ten years ago.
  2. When have you moved to this flat?
  3. I work here since March.
  4. I'm about to leave next week.
  5. I've been writing three letters today.
  6. By the time when we arrived, the film had started.
  7. Neither Tom nor Anna didn't come.
  8. She had went to bed before I got home.
Prikaži odgovore
We visited Rome ten years ago; When did you move to this flat?; I've worked here since March / I've been working here since March; I'm leaving next week / I'm going to leave next week; I've written three letters today; By the time we arrived, the film had started; Neither Tom nor Anna came; She had gone to bed before I got home

3. Združi dve povedi

  1. Tom is coming. + Anna is coming. (both)
  2. The train wasn't running. + The bus wasn't running. (neither)
  3. We can go on Monday. + We can go on Tuesday. (either)
  4. He didn't call. + He didn't write. (neither)
  5. The hotel was full. + The restaurant was full. (both)
Prikaži odgovore
Both Tom and Anna are coming; Neither the train nor the bus was running / Neither the train nor the bus were running; We can go either on Monday or on Tuesday / We can go on either Monday or Tuesday; He neither called nor wrote; Both the hotel and the restaurant were full

4. Povezovanje.

  1. How long have you been waiting?
  2. When did you get here?
  3. Had you met him before?
  4. What are you doing tonight?
Prikaži odgovore
`How long have you been waiting?` — `About twenty minutes.`; `When did you get here?` — `At half past six.`; `Had you met him before?` — `No, that was the first time.`; `What are you doing tonight?` — `I'm seeing a friend.`

5. Preoblikuj

  1. I started learning English three years ago. (for — in se še učim)
  2. They've closed the bridge. (vprašanje z when)
  3. I lost my keys. Then I couldn't get in. (ena poved z because)
  4. I've decided to visit my sister next month. (going to)
  5. We arranged to meet Sam on Friday. (Present Continuous)
Prikaži odgovore
I've been learning English for three years; When did they close the bridge? / When did they close it?; I couldn't get in because I had lost my keys; I'm going to visit my sister next month; We're meeting Sam on Friday

6. Prevedi v angleščino.

1) Ko smo prispeli, se je film že začel. 2) Nate čakam že pol ure! 3) Si bil kdaj v Walesu? — Ja, lani sem šel tja. 4) Mislim, da bo jutri mrzlo. 5) Niti Tom niti njegov brat ne govorita francosko.

Prikaži odgovore
When we arrived, the film had already started; I've been waiting for you for half an hour!; Have you ever been to Wales? — Yes, I went there last year; I think it'll be cold tomorrow / I think it will be cold tomorrow; Neither Tom nor his brother speaks French / Neither Tom nor his brother speak French
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano

  • lekcije 1–5 v celoti in pari both … and
  • either … or
  • neither … nor

Sledi lekcija 7: kaj bom počel ob tem času.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 79

izbirno

Mini izdelek

Na glas povej in zapiši deset povedi: primer, ko si zamudil, s predzgodbo; kaj si pred kratkim izgubil ali našel; s čim se ukvarjaš v zadnjem času in koliko časa že; kaj imaš v načrtu za ta teden. Vsaj ena poved — z both … and, either … or ali neither … nor.

Kontrolni seznam pred lekcijo 7:

  • ima zgodnejši dogodek had + tretjo obliko in je ob njem poznejši?
  • novica v perfektu, podrobnosti v navadnem pretekliku?
  • kjer sta pomembna proces ali trajanje — trajna oblika, kjer število — navadna?
  • dogovor s Present Continuous, vozni red s Present Simple?
  • odločitev prav zdaj in obljuba — z will, be about to — brez navedbe časa?
  • za neither … nor ni drugega not?
Osnutek je shranjen na tej napravi
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Vadite to lekcijo v drugih razdelkih

Diktatna podlagi te lekcije Zapišite, kar slišite. Preverjanje pokaže vsako besedo, ki se razlikuje, in kako. Napišite narek Branje na glasna podlagi te lekcije Preberite besedilo lekcije na glas — prepoznavanje govora označi besede, ki jih ni ujelo. Preberite besedilo na glas Branje in poslušanjeA1–C1 Besedila na vsaki ravni z vprašanji za razumevanje; prepis se odpre po odgovoru. Preizkusi

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