Slovnica ~54 min jedra še preostane

Natančno govoriti o prihodnosti

Po tej lekciji znate

Znam izbrati pravo obliko prihodnosti izmed petih in pojasniti, zakaj prav to.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 54 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

15 min

Na A2 je imela prihodnost tri oblike in eno vprašanje za izbiro: kdaj si se za to odločil (A2 #9)? Zdaj je oblik pet. Novi sta Present Simple za vozni red in be about to za tisto, kar se bo zgodilo čez minuto. Vprašanje „kdaj si se odločil?“ ostaja glavno, a pridružita se mu še dve: ali je to odvisno od nas in kako blizu je.

Pet oblik in kaj vsaka sporoča:

oblika kaj sporoča primer
will odločitev v trenutku govora, obljuba, ponudba pomoči, mnenje o prihodnosti I'll help you with those bags.
be going to namera, sprejeta prej; napoved po tem, kar je videti zdaj Look at those clouds — it's going to rain.
Present Continuous dogovor: so čas, kraj, drugi ljudje I'm meeting a client at four.
Present Simple vozni red, spored, koledar The train leaves at 7.40.
be about to zdaj zdaj, čez minuto Hurry up — the film is about to start.

Podrobneje o vsaki.

will — prihodnost, ki je še ni ne v načrtih ne v koledarju. Odločil si se prav zdaj: The phone's ringing. I'll get it. Obljubil si: I won't tell anyone. Domneval si: I think it'll be cold tomorrow. Z besedami I think, probably, I'm sure skoraj vedno stoji will.

be going to — odločitev je že v glavi: We're going to paint the kitchen this summer. In napoved, ki ima viden razlog: She's going to be late — she's still at home.

Present Continuous — enaka namera, a že dogovorjena z drugimi in zapisana v koledar: We're having dinner with Sam on Friday. Če so vstopnica, sestanek ali rezervacija — je to Present Continuous. Brez časovne besede se ta oblika bere kot „prav zdaj“, zato dogovoru skoraj vedno dodamo, kdaj: tonight, on Friday, at four.

Present Simple — prihodnost, ki ni odvisna od nas: vozni red vlakov, začetek filma, delovni urnik. The museum opens at ten. My course starts on Monday.

be about to — „zdaj zdaj“, brez navedbe časa: I'm about to leave — can I call you back?

Kako izbrati v nekaj sekundah. Postavi si vprašanja po vrsti. Je vozni red ali spored? — Present Simple. Si se s kom dogovoril, sta čas in kraj? — Present Continuous. Si se odločil prej ali vidiš znake? — going to. Se odločaš prav zdaj, obljubljaš ali samo domnevaš? — will. Se bo zgodilo čez minuto? — be about to. Prvo vprašanje, na katero je odgovor „da“, ti da obliko.

Trije pari, ki jih je vredno ločevati:

It'll rain tomorrow. — tako mislim It's going to rain. — vidim oblake
I'll call Anna. — odločil sem se pravkar I'm calling Anna at six. — dogovorila sva se
The train leaves at 7.40. — vozni red The train is leaving! — odhaja prav zdaj

going to ali Present Continuous. Obe obliki govorita o tem, kar je odločeno vnaprej. Razlika je v tem, ali si se s kom dogovoril:

I'm going to see a doctor. Odločil sem se, da grem k zdravniku, a se še nisem naročil.
I'm seeing the doctor at ten. Naročen sem: termin je določen.

Z glagoloma go in come namesto I'm going to go običajno rečemo kar I'm going to Spain in May — tako je krajše, pomen pa isti.

will ali going to v napovedi. will — mnenje ali znanje o prihodnosti: tako mislim, tako navadno je. going to — sklep iz tega, kar je videti prav zdaj:

Don't worry, you'll pass the exam. Verjamem vate.
Careful! You're going to drop those plates. Vidim, kako ti drsijo.

Present Simple ali Present Continuous. Vozni red ni odvisen od nas, dogovor je naš: The match starts at three — tako piše v sporedu; We're watching the match at Tom's — tako smo se dogovorili.

Ena zgodba — pet oblik. Poglej, kako se oblika spreminja, medtem ko načrt postaja resničnost:

I need a holiday. I know — I'll go to Spain! ← odločitev prav zdaj I'm going to spend a week in Spain in May. ← odločitev je, vozovnice ni I'm flying to Malaga on the third of May. ← vozovnica je kupljena The flight leaves at 6.15. ← vozni red We're about to take off. ← čez minuto

Tako se ne reče. ✗ I'm about to leave tomorrow → ✓ I'm leaving tomorrow. be about to pomeni „čez minuto“, in časa ob njem ne navajamo.

Preveri se. Vidiš, da bo otrok na kolesu zdaj zdaj padel. Kaj rečeš — He'll fall ali He's going to fall? Katera oblika je v My flight ___ (leave) at 6.15? V čem se razlikujeta I'm going to see a doctor in I'm seeing the doctor at ten?

prikaži odgovore
He's going to fall — napoved po tem, kar je videti zdaj; leaves — vozni red; prvo — odločil sem se, da grem, drugo — že sem naročen.
Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

will o dogovoru

I will meet him at four — ni napaka, a o sestanku, dogovorjenem vnaprej, tako navadno ne govorimo: zveni kot odločitev, sprejeta prav zdaj, ali kot obljuba. O dogovoru — ✓ I'm meeting him at four. Slovenski prihodnjik („dobil se bom z njim“) pokrije odločitev, namero in dogovor, zato se will zdi univerzalen prevod (A2 #9).

2

Present Simple o osebnih načrtih

Tomorrow I go to the dentist — tako govorimo o vrstici urnika: na primer ko po rokovniku naštevamo teden. O osebnem dogovoru navadno rečemo ✓ I'm going to the dentist tomorrow. Slovenščina o načrtih rada govori s sedanjikom („jutri grem k zobozdravniku“), in to vleče k dobesednemu prevodu; angleški Present Simple o prihodnosti pa zveni kot vozni red, ne kot tvoj načrt.

3

Ponudba in obljuba brez will

✗ Wait, I help you! → ✓ Wait, I'll help you!; ✗ Will you come to my party? — Yes, I come. → ✓ Yes, I will. V slovenščini sedanjik pogosto sam pomeni prihodnost („Počakaj, ti pomagam!“, „Ja, pridem.“). Angleški sedanjik tega ne zmore: odločitev, ponudbo in obljubo v trenutku govora nosi will.

4

will ob vidnih znakih

Look at those clouds — it will rain — razumljivo, a ko napoved temelji na tem, kar vidiš, rečemo ✓ it's going to rain. Slovenski „deževalo bo“ je enak za mnenje in za sklep iz oblakov; angleščina ju loči.

Izgovorjava

4 min

going to v tekočem govoru — /ˈɡənə/ (nadaljevanje lekcije A1 #32): I'm going to call her zveni /aɪm ˈɡənə ˈkɔːl hə/. Pisati gonna ni treba, prepoznati na posluh pa obvezno.

will se v trdilni povedi skrči v /l/: I'll /aɪl/, we'll /wiːl/, it'll /ˈɪtl/. Naglašen in poln je v kratkem odgovoru: Yes, I will.

won't in want se razlikujeta po samoglasniku: won't /wəʊnt/ — kot v go; want /wɒnt/ — kratki „o“. I won't go — „ne bom šel“, I want to go — „hočem iti“. Če ju zamenjaš, poveš nasprotno.

Oglas

Besedilo

5 min

What are you doing on Friday?

I'm meeting a client at four — we arranged it last week. After that I'm free. The office closes early on Fridays.

Great. Emma and I are going to look at a flat on Saturday morning. Do you want to come? You're good at spotting problems.

I'd love to. What time?

The agent hasn't confirmed yet. She's going to send me the address this evening.

OK. I'll come if I'm not too tired. Text me the time later.

I will. And the forecast says it'll be sunny, so we're going to have lunch in the park afterwards.

Have you looked at the sky? Look at those clouds. It's going to rain any minute.

Then let's hurry. The last bus leaves at ten past six, and it's six o'clock now.

Wait — my phone's ringing. It's the agent. I think she's about to tell us the time.

Branje na glas

Vaje

30 min

1. Izbira.

  1. Look at those clouds — it (rain)
  2. I (meet) the client at four — we arranged it last week
  3. According to the timetable, the train (leave) at 7.40
  4. Hurry — the film (start) — zdaj zdaj
  5. The phone's ringing. I (get) it
  6. We (paint) the kitchen this summer — we've already bought the paint
Prikaži odgovore
is going to rain; am meeting; leaves; is about to start; will get; are going to paint

2. Izbira.

  1. — There's no milk. — Really? I (get) some on the way home
  2. — Why are you putting your coat on? — I (buy) some milk. I decided an hour ago
  3. The sky's completely black. There (be) a storm
  4. I'm sure you (love) this film
  5. — I can't open this jar. — Give it to me. I (do) it
Prikaži odgovore
will get; am going to buy; is going to be; will love; will do

3. Iskanje napak.

  1. Wait, I help you with the bags.
  2. I'm about to leave tomorrow.
  3. It's going rain this afternoon.
  4. Will you come to my party? — Yes, I come.
  5. She's about to arriving.
Prikaži odgovore
Wait, I'll help you with the bags; I'm leaving tomorrow / I'm going to leave tomorrow; It's going to rain this afternoon; Will you come to my party? — Yes, I will; She's about to arrive

4. Povezovanje.

  1. odločil sem se pravkar
  2. dogovoril sem se
  3. vozni red
  4. vidim znake
  5. zdaj zdaj
Prikaži odgovore
odločil sem se pravkar — `will`; dogovoril sem se — Present Continuous; vozni red — Present Simple; vidim znake — `be going to`; zdaj zdaj — `be about to`

5. Prepiši glede na situacijo v oklepaju.

  1. I meet Anna at six. (dogovorila sta se)
  2. It will rain. (vidijo se oblaki)
  3. I'm going to answer the phone. (odločil si se pravkar: telefon zvoni)
  4. The film will start at eight. (po sporedu kina)
  5. I'm leaving. (zdaj zdaj, čez minuto)
Prikaži odgovore
I'm meeting Anna at six; It's going to rain; I'll answer the phone / I'll answer it; The film starts at eight; I'm about to leave

6. Razširi namig v odgovor

  1. Are you free on Saturday? (no / I / meet / my parents — dogovorjeno)
  2. What time is your train? (it / leave / at 8.15)
  3. What are your plans for the summer? (I / learn / to drive — odločeno)
  4. I'm so thirsty. (I / get / you some water — odločeno prav zdaj)
  5. Why are you running? (the shop / close — zdaj zdaj)
Prikaži odgovore
No, I'm meeting my parents / No, I'm meeting my parents on Saturday; It leaves at 8.15; I'm going to learn to drive / I'm going to learn to drive this summer; I'll get you some water; The shop is about to close / Because the shop is about to close

7. Odgovori o svojih načrtih

s celimi povedmi. Rešitve spodaj so zgled. 1) What are you doing this weekend? 2) What are you going to do after this course? 3) What time does your working day start tomorrow?

Prikaži odgovore
I'm meeting my sister on Saturday, and on Sunday I'm going to clean the flat; I'm going to read books in English and watch films without subtitles; It starts at nine, as usual

8. Prevedi v angleščino.

1) Vlak odpelje ob 7.40. 2) Mislim, da ti bo ta film všeč. 3) Previdno, zdaj zdaj bo padlo! 4) V petek se dobimo s Samom.

Prikaži odgovore
The train leaves at 7.40; I think you'll like this film / I think you'll love this film; Careful — it's about to fall! / Careful — it's going to fall!; We're meeting Sam on Friday
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano

  • pet oblik prihodnosti in vprašanje
  • po katerem izberemo vsako
  • para will — going to
  • going to — Present Continuous
  • vozni red — dogovor
  • won't proti want

Sledi lekcija 6: ponavljanje lekcij 1–5.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 78

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

15 besed
  • client /ˈklaɪənt/ stranka, klient
  • arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ dogovoriti se
  • agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ agent, posrednik
  • confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ potrditi
  • forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ vremenska napoved
  • cloud /klaʊd/ oblak
  • be about to /bi əˈbaʊt tə/ zdaj zdaj (nekaj narediti)
  • afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ potem, nato
  • text /tekst/ poslati sporočilo
  • spot /spɒt/ opaziti
  • hurry /ˈhʌri/ hiteti
  • any minute /ˌeni ˈmɪnɪt/ vsak hip, vsak čas
  • dentist /ˈdentɪst/ zobozdravnik
  • storm /stɔːm/ nevihta, vihar
  • take off /ˌteɪk ˈɒf/ vzleteti

Pisanje

Šest povedi o prihodnjem tednu: en dogovor, ena namera, ena napoved po znakih, en vozni red in ena odločitev, sprejeta prav zdaj.

Zgled

I'm meeting a client on Friday at four. We're going to look at a new flat on Saturday. The office closes at three on Fridays, so I'll have time to get ready. Look at the sky — it's going to rain all weekend. Oh, and I've just remembered — it's Anna's birthday on Sunday. I'll buy her a present tomorrow.

Kontrolni seznam

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Vadite to lekcijo v drugih razdelkih

Diktatna podlagi te lekcije Zapišite, kar slišite. Preverjanje pokaže vsako besedo, ki se razlikuje, in kako. Napišite narek Branje na glasna podlagi te lekcije Preberite besedilo lekcije na glas — prepoznavanje govora označi besede, ki jih ni ujelo. Preberite besedilo na glas Branje in poslušanjeA1–C1 Besedila na vsaki ravni z vprašanji za razumevanje; prepis se odpre po odgovoru. Preizkusi

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