语法 剩余核心内容 ~54 分钟

做出推测

完成本课后你将能够

能说出我对正在发生的事情的推测，也能表明我有多大把握。

开始课程 核心 54 分钟 · 步骤：6 · 可选：+2

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。

语法

15 分钟

这些动词你已经学过它们的另一些意思：must 表示义务（A2 第10课），can 表示能力（A1 第20课）， could 表示礼貌的请求（A2 第17课）。它们还有第二种意思：表示说话人对自己的推测有多大把握。窗户里亮着灯，车停在房子旁边，有人不接电话——我们就会得出结论。

把握程度的等级：

有多大把握 例子
is 确切知道 He is at home — I can see him.
must 几乎肯定是 He must be at home — his car is outside.
may / might / could 也许是 He might be at the gym.
may not / might not 也许不是 He might not be at home.
can't 几乎肯定不是 He can't be at work — it's Sunday.
isn't 确切知道不是 He isn't here.

形式。 情态动词后面接不带 to 的动词原形，情态动词本身也不加 -s： She must be tired，He might know。如果推测的是此刻正在进行的事，就用 be + -ing： He must be working late — the light's on in his office. They might be waiting for us outside.

怎么选。

must 是根据证据得出的结论：我把事实放在一起，看不出别的解释。证据通常就在旁边说出来： You must be hungry — you haven't eaten all day. 但 must 并不等于“确切知道”。如果你确实知道，就不需要情态动词：He's at home — I've just spoken to him. must 的意思是“我这样推断”，对方听得出这是结论，而不是事实。汉语里这个作用由“一定”“肯定”“想必”这样的副词来承担；英语里靠的是动词本身。

may、might、could 表示一种可能，我不知道它对不对。三者几乎没有区别：might 把握稍小一点， may 稍正式一点，could 的意思是“完全有可能”：It could be a virus.

can't 是“不是”的结论：事实让这种可能不能成立。That can't be Tom — he's in Spain this week.

否定用 can't，不用 mustn't。 mustn't 表示禁止（A2 第10课）：You mustn't park here。要说“肯定不是”，英式英语用 can't。might not 则是委婉的“也许不是”：She might not know about the meeting.

疑问句。 对推测提问时用 could 或 can：Could it be a mistake?——“会不会是弄错了？” Who can that be?——“那会是谁呢？”用 must 和 might 几乎不构成这样的疑问句。

must——推测还是义务？ 看它后面的动词。和 be、know、表示“拥有”的 have 连用，以及用进行形式时，must 几乎总是推测。和表示动作的动词连用时，是义务：

You must be tired. 你一定累了。——推测
You must go to bed. 你得去睡觉了。——义务

maybe 和 may be。 maybe 是一个词，是副词，通常放在句首：Maybe he's at home. may be 是两个词，情态动词加 be，放在主语后面：He may be at home. 意思一样，写法却不同。

更多例句：

That must be the postman. 那一定是邮递员。
She might be in a meeting. 她可能在开会。
This can't be our bus — ours is number twelve. 这不可能是我们要坐的车。
He must know the answer — he's a doctor. 他一定知道答案。
You could be right. 你可能是对的。

不能这样说。 ✗ He mights be ill → ✓ He might be ill。情态动词不随人称变化，永远不加 -s。

自我检测。 邻居的车停在门外，窗户里亮着灯。你会说 He must be at home 还是 He might be at home？“这不可能是真的”英语怎么说？Maybe she's ill 和 She may be ill 有什么区别？

显示答案
He must be at home——证据都对得上; That can't be true（或者 It can't be true）; 意思上没有区别：前一句的 maybe 是副词，后一句的 may be 是情态动词加 be.
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中文母语者的常见错误

已针对你的语言编写
1

用 mustn't 表示“一定不”。

He mustn't be at home 英国人会理解成禁止：“他不许待在家里”。要说“他肯定不在家”，得说 ✓ He can't be at home。must 既记作“必须”，又记作“一定”，于是 “一定不在家”就拼成了 must not。可是在英式英语里，mustn't 只表示禁止，推测的否定用 can't。美式英语里 He must not be home 也可以表示推测。

2

把 maybe 当成动词。

✗ He maybe at home

✓ He may be at home / Maybe he's at home

。 “他可能在家”逐字译出来，“可能”成了 maybe，“在家”成了 at home，句子里就没有动词了； “这可能是个错误”也一样：✗ It maybe a mistake。可是 maybe 只是副词，句子里还得有动词。两者读音一样，所以也会写成 ✗ May be he's at home。检验办法：能换成 perhaps 的，就写成一个词。

3

漏掉 be，或者用 is。

✗ She must tired → ✓ She must be tired；✗ That can't is Tom → ✓ That can't be Tom。“她一定累了”“他可能在健身房”里没有“是”，英语里也就漏掉了 be； “那不可能是汤姆”里的“是”又容易译成 is。情态动词后面只能是原形 be。

发音

4 分钟

重音落在情态动词上：推测的意思就在它身上。 He MUST be at home、That CAN'T be right、She MIGHT be ill。后面的 be 不重读，读得短——/bi/。

must be 读作 /ˈmʌs bi/： /s/ 和 /b/ 之间的 /t/ 脱落。must know 也一样：/ˈmʌs nəʊ/。

表示推测的 can't 读得完整而且长——/kɑːnt/。 结尾的 /t/ 在辅音前几乎听不见，这时 can't 和 can 只能靠长元音 /ɑː/ 和重音来区分（A1 第20课）。might be 读作 /ˈmaɪt bi/：/t/ 不爆破，只是把元音截断。

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课文

5 分钟

Have you seen Tom this morning?

No, but he must be somewhere in the building. His coat's on his chair, and his computer is on.

And his coffee is still warm. He can't be far away.

He might be in the meeting room. The managers meet there on Thursdays.

It can't be the managers' meeting. That always starts at ten, and it's only half past nine.

Then he could be at the coffee machine. Or he may be down in IT — his laptop stopped working yesterday.

Wait, his phone's here too. He never goes anywhere without his phone. He must be very close.

Listen. Can you hear that? Somebody's singing in the kitchen.

That can't be Tom. He hates singing.

Hang on — isn't it his birthday today? Maybe they're singing to him.

Of course! That must be why there's a cake on the kitchen table. They must be waiting for us. Come on!

朗读

练习

30 分钟

1. 填空。

  1. His car is outside, so he be at home.（几乎肯定是）
  2. That be right — the bill says £300 for two coffees.（几乎肯定不是）
  3. She isn't answering. She be in a meeting.（也许）
  4. You've been working for ten hours. You be exhausted.（几乎肯定是）
  5. This be Anna's bag — it has her name on it.（几乎肯定是）
  6. He be at work — it's Sunday, and his office is closed.（几乎肯定不是）
  7. Take an umbrella. It rain later.（也许）
  8. They be asleep — the lights are on, and I can hear music.（几乎肯定不是）
  9. Listen to her accent. She be from Scotland.（几乎肯定是）
  10. I'm not sure where Lucy is. She be in the library.（也许）
显示答案
must; can't; might / may / could; must; must; can't; might / may / could; can't; must; might / may / could

2. 用情态动词改写。

  1. I'm sure he's at home.
  2. Perhaps she's ill.
  3. I'm sure it isn't true.
  4. Perhaps they know the answer.
  5. I'm sure you're tired after the flight.
  6. I'm sure that isn't our train — ours leaves at six.
  7. Perhaps he doesn't know about the party.
显示答案
He must be at home; She might be ill / She may be ill / She could be ill; It can't be true; They might know the answer / They may know the answer / They could know the answer; You must be tired after the flight; That can't be our train — ours leaves at six; He might not know about the party / He may not know about the party

3. 把提示扩展成推测

  1. The light is on in his office. (he / must / work / late)
  2. She isn't answering her phone. (she / might / drive)
  3. I can hear water in the bathroom. (someone / must / have / a shower)
  4. They aren't in the classroom. (they / could / wait / outside)
显示答案
He must be working late; She might be driving; Someone must be having a shower; They could be waiting outside

4. 改错。

  1. May be he's still at work.
  2. She must to be tired after the trip.
  3. He mights be at the gym.
  4. It maybe a mistake.
  5. That can't is Tom — he's in Spain.
显示答案
Maybe he's still at work / He may still be at work; She must be tired after the trip; He might be at the gym; It may be a mistake / Maybe it's a mistake; That can't be Tom — he's in Spain

5. 配对。

  1. She's yawning.
  2. People are carrying umbrellas.
  3. Nobody's answering the door.
  4. The shop is dark.
  5. He knows everything about cars.
显示答案
`She's yawning.` — `She must be tired.`; `People are carrying umbrellas.` — `It must be raining.`; `Nobody's answering the door.` — `They might be out.`; `The shop is dark.` — `It must be closed.`; `He knows everything about cars.` — `He must be a mechanic.`

6. 说出三个把握程度不同的推测

——每种情况各三个。下面的答案是范例。 1) 同事没来上班，也不接电话。 2) 你楼上的公寓里已经叮叮当当地敲了一个小时。

显示答案
He might be ill. He could be stuck in traffic. He can't be on holiday — he was here yesterday; They must be doing some repairs. They might be putting up shelves. They can't be asleep

7. 译成英语。

1) 他一定在家——他的车就停在门外。 2) 这不可能是真的。 3) 她可能在开会。 4) 他们一定在外面等我们。 5) 这趟飞行下来，你一定累了吧。

显示答案
He must be at home — his car is outside; That can't be true / It can't be true; She might be in a meeting / She may be in a meeting / She could be in a meeting / Maybe she's in a meeting; They must be waiting for us outside; You must be tired after the flight
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小结

本课已学：把握程度的等级 must——may、might、could——can't，对正在发生的事的推测（must be doing），用 can't 和 might not 表示否定，用 could 提问，表示推测和表示义务的 must，maybe 和 may be 的区别。下一课——第11课：义务和能力。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 83 课

可选

词卡词汇

16 词
  • somewhere /ˈsʌmweə/ 在某处，某个地方
  • far away /ˌfɑːr əˈweɪ/ 在远处，很远
  • meeting room /ˈmiːtɪŋ ruːm/ 会议室
  • warm /wɔːm/ 温暖的，暖和的
  • hang on /ˌhæŋ ˈɒn/ 等一下，稍等
  • cake /keɪk/ 蛋糕
  • postman /ˈpəʊstmən/ 邮递员
  • mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ 错误
  • bill /bɪl/ 账单
  • exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ 筋疲力尽的
  • asleep /əˈsliːp/ 睡着的
  • accent /ˈæksənt/ 口音
  • yawn /jɔːn/ 打哈欠
  • mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ 机修工，汽车修理工
  • stuck in traffic /ˌstʌk ɪn ˈtræfɪk/ 堵在路上
  • gym /dʒɪm/ 健身房

写作

写五六句话：你回到家，门没锁，桌上有一个别人的包，厨房里放着音乐。说出把握程度不同的推测。

范例： The door is open, and there's music in the kitchen. Someone must be at home. It can't be my flatmate — she's in Paris this week. It might be my brother; he has a key. This bag on the table must be his — it's the same colour as his old one. He could be cooking: I can smell onions. Or he might be waiting to surprise me.

检查清单：有证据的地方用了 must 吗？“肯定不是”用的是 can't，而不是 mustn't 吧？情态动词后面没有 to，情态动词本身没有 -s 吧？maybe 写成一个词、放在句首，may be 分开写、放在主语后面吗？

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在其他板块练习本课内容

听写基于本课 写下您听到的内容。检查会显示每个不同的单词及其差异。 听写练习 朗读基于本课 朗读课程文本——语音识别会高亮未识别的单词。 朗读课文 阅读与听力A1–C1 各水平文本附理解题；回答后即可查看文本。 立即试用

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