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Započni lekciju Jezgro 54 min · koraci: 6 · opciono: +2

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Gramatika

15 min

Na A2 budućnost je imala tri oblika i jedno pitanje za izbor: kada si to odlučio (A2 #9)? Sada oblika ima pet. Dva nova su Present Simple za raspored i be about to za ono što će se desiti za koji minut. Pitanje „kada si odlučio?“ i dalje je glavno, ali mu se pridružuju još dva: da li to zavisi od nas i koliko je blizu.

Pet oblika i šta svaki od njih saopštava:

oblik šta saopštava primer
will odluka u trenutku govora, obećanje, ponuda pomoći, mišljenje o budućnosti I'll help you with those bags.
be going to namera odlučena ranije; predviđanje na osnovu onoga što se sada vidi Look at those clouds — it's going to rain.
Present Continuous dogovor: postoje vreme, mesto, drugi ljudi I'm meeting a client at four.
Present Simple raspored, program, kalendar The train leaves at 7.40.
be about to samo što nije, za koji minut Hurry up — the film is about to start.

Detaljnije o svakom.

will — budućnost koje još nema ni u planovima ni u kalendaru. Odlučio si upravo sada: The phone's ringing. I'll get it. Obećao si: I won't tell anyone. Pretpostavio si: I think it'll be cold tomorrow. Uz reči I think, probably, I'm sure skoro uvek stoji will.

be going to — odluka već postoji u glavi: We're going to paint the kitchen this summer. I predviđanje koje ima vidljiv razlog: She's going to be late — she's still at home.

Present Continuous — ista namera, ali već dogovorena sa drugima i upisana u kalendar: We're having dinner with Sam on Friday. Ako postoje karta, sastanak ili rezervacija — to je Present Continuous. Bez reči za vreme ovaj oblik se čita kao „baš sada“, pa se dogovoru skoro uvek dodaje kada: tonight, on Friday, at four.

Present Simple — budućnost koja ne zavisi od nas: red vožnje vozova, početak filma, radno vreme. The museum opens at ten. My course starts on Monday.

be about to — „samo što nije“, bez navođenja vremena: I'm about to leave — can I call you back?

Kako izabrati za nekoliko sekundi. Postavi sebi pitanja redom. Postoji li raspored ili program? — Present Simple. Dogovorio si se sa nekim, postoje vreme i mesto? — Present Continuous. Odlučio si ranije ili vidiš znakove? — going to. Odlučuješ upravo sada, obećavaš ili samo pretpostavljaš? — will. Desiće se za koji minut? — be about to. Prvo pitanje na koje je odgovor „da“ daje oblik.

Tri para koja vredi razlikovati:

It'll rain tomorrow. — tako mislim It's going to rain. — vidim oblake
I'll call Anna. — upravo sam odlučio I'm calling Anna at six. — dogovorili smo se
The train leaves at 7.40. — red vožnje The train is leaving! — polazi baš sada

going to ili Present Continuous. Oba oblika govore o onome što je odlučeno unapred. Razlika je u tome da li si se sa nekim dogovorio:

I'm going to see a doctor. Odlučio sam da odem kod lekara, ali se još nisam zakazao.
I'm seeing the doctor at ten. Zakazan sam kod lekara: vreme je određeno.

Uz glagole go i come umesto I'm going to go obično se kaže samo I'm going to Spain in May — tako je kraće, a smisao je isti.

will ili going to u predviđanju. will — mišljenje ili znanje o budućnosti: tako mislim, tako obično biva. going to — zaključak iz onoga što se vidi baš sada:

Don't worry, you'll pass the exam. Verujem u tebe.
Careful! You're going to drop those plates. Vidim kako ti klize.

Present Simple ili Present Continuous. Raspored ne zavisi od nas, dogovor je naš: The match starts at three — tako piše u programu; We're watching the match at Tom's — tako smo se dogovorili.

Jedna priča — pet oblika. Pogledaj kako se oblik menja dok plan postaje stvarnost:

I need a holiday. I know — I'll go to Spain! ← odluka upravo sada I'm going to spend a week in Spain in May. ← odluka postoji, karte nema I'm flying to Malaga on the third of May. ← karta je kupljena The flight leaves at 6.15. ← red letenja We're about to take off. ← za minut

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I'm about to leave tomorrow → ✓ I'm leaving tomorrow. be about to znači „za koji minut“, i vreme se uz njega ne navodi.

Proveri se. Vidiš da će dete na biciklu svakog časa da padne. Šta ćeš reći — He'll fall ili He's going to fall? Koji oblik ide u My flight ___ (leave) at 6.15? Po čemu se razlikuju I'm going to see a doctor i I'm seeing the doctor at ten?

prikaži odgovore
He's going to fall — predviđanje na osnovu onoga što se sada vidi; leaves — red letenja; prvo — odlučio sam da odem, drugo — već sam zakazan kod lekara.
Oglas

Greške govornika srpskog jezika

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

will o dogovoru

I will meet him at four nije greška, ali se o sastanku zakazanom unapred obično ne govori tako: zvuči kao odluka doneta upravo sada ili kao obećanje. O dogovoru — ✓ I'm meeting him at four. Srpski futur („videću se s njim u četiri“) ne razlikuje odluku i dogovor, pa will izgleda kao univerzalan prevod.

2

Present Simple o ličnom planu

Tomorrow I go to the dentist — tako se govori o stavci iz rasporeda: na primer, kad se nabraja nedelja iz planera. O ličnom dogovoru obično se kaže ✓ I'm going to the dentist tomorrow. Srpsko „sutra idem kod zubara“ je sadašnje vreme o budućnosti, i vuče na doslovan prevod; ali engleski Present Simple o budućnosti zvuči kao red vožnje, a ne kao tvoj plan.

3

Ponuda pomoći bez will

✗ Wait, I help you!

✓ Wait, I'll help you!

U srpskom „Čekaj, da ti pomognem!“ glagol ima oblik sadašnjeg vremena, i will se lako izgubi. Ali odluka doneta u trenutku govora na engleskom traži will.

Izgovor

4 min

going to u brzom govoru — /ˈɡənə/ (vraćamo se na A1 #32): I'm going to call her zvuči /aɪm ˈɡənə ˈkɔːl hə/. Pisati gonna ne treba, ali prepoznati ga na sluh — obavezno.

will se u potvrdnoj rečenici skraćuje u /l/: I'll /aɪl/, we'll /wiːl/, it'll /ˈɪtl/. Naglašen i pun je u kratkom odgovoru: Yes, I will.

won't i want razlikuju se samoglasnikom: won't /wəʊnt/ — kao u go; want /wɒnt/ — kratko otvoreno „o“. I won't go — „neću ići“, I want to go — „hoću da idem“. Pomešati ih znači reći suprotno.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

What are you doing on Friday?

I'm meeting a client at four — we arranged it last week. After that I'm free. The office closes early on Fridays.

Great. Emma and I are going to look at a flat on Saturday morning. Do you want to come? You're good at spotting problems.

I'd love to. What time?

The agent hasn't confirmed yet. She's going to send me the address this evening.

OK. I'll come if I'm not too tired. Text me the time later.

I will. And the forecast says it'll be sunny, so we're going to have lunch in the park afterwards.

Have you looked at the sky? Look at those clouds. It's going to rain any minute.

Then let's hurry. The last bus leaves at ten past six, and it's six o'clock now.

Wait — my phone's ringing. It's the agent. I think she's about to tell us the time.

Čitanje naglas

Vežbe

30 min

1. Izbor.

  1. Look at those clouds — it (rain)
  2. I (meet) the client at four — we arranged it last week
  3. According to the timetable, the train (leave) at 7.40
  4. Hurry — the film (start) — samo što nije počeo
  5. The phone's ringing. I (get) it
  6. We (paint) the kitchen this summer — we've already bought the paint
Prikaži odgovore
is going to rain; am meeting; leaves; is about to start; will get; are going to paint

2. Izbor.

  1. — There's no milk. — Really? I (get) some on the way home
  2. — Why are you putting your coat on? — I (buy) some milk. I decided an hour ago
  3. The sky's completely black. There (be) a storm
  4. I'm sure you (love) this film
  5. — I can't open this jar. — Give it to me. I (do) it
Prikaži odgovore
will get; am going to buy; is going to be; will love; will do

3. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. Wait, I help you with the bags.
  2. I'm about to leave tomorrow.
  3. It's going rain this afternoon.
  4. Will you come to my party? — Yes, I come.
  5. She's about to arriving.
Prikaži odgovore
Wait, I'll help you with the bags; I'm leaving tomorrow / I'm going to leave tomorrow; It's going to rain this afternoon; Will you come to my party? — Yes, I will; She's about to arrive

4. Povezivanje.

  1. upravo odlučio
  2. dogovorio se
  3. raspored
  4. vidim znakove
  5. samo što nije
Prikaži odgovore
upravo odlučio — `will`; dogovorio se — Present Continuous; raspored — Present Simple; vidim znakove — `be going to`; samo što nije — `be about to`

5. Prepiši prema situaciji iz zagrade.

  1. I meet Anna at six. (dogovorili smo se)
  2. It will rain. (vide se oblaci)
  3. I'm going to answer the phone. (odlučio si upravo sada: telefon zvoni)
  4. The film will start at eight. (prema programu bioskopa)
  5. I'm leaving. (samo što nije, za minut)
Prikaži odgovore
I'm meeting Anna at six; It's going to rain; I'll answer the phone / I'll answer it; The film starts at eight; I'm about to leave

6. Razvij podsticaj u odgovor

  1. Are you free on Saturday? (no / I / meet / my parents — dogovorili smo se)
  2. What time is your train? (it / leave / at 8.15)
  3. What are your plans for the summer? (I / learn / to drive — odlučio sam)
  4. I'm so thirsty. (I / get / you some water — odlučio sam upravo sada)
  5. Why are you running? (the shop / close — samo što nije)
Prikaži odgovore
No, I'm meeting my parents / No, I'm meeting my parents on Saturday; It leaves at 8.15; I'm going to learn to drive / I'm going to learn to drive this summer; I'll get you some water; The shop is about to close / Because the shop is about to close

7. Odgovori o svojim planovima

punim rečenicama. Odgovori ispod su primer. 1) What are you doing this weekend? 2) What are you going to do after this course? 3) What time does your working day start tomorrow?

Prikaži odgovore
I'm meeting my sister on Saturday, and on Sunday I'm going to clean the flat; I'm going to read books in English and watch films without subtitles; It starts at nine, as usual

8. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Voz polazi u 7.40. 2) Mislim da će ti se ovaj film svideti. 3) Pazi, sad će pasti! 4) U petak se viđamo sa Semom.

Prikaži odgovore
The train leaves at 7.40; I think you'll like this film / I think you'll love this film; Careful — it's about to fall! / Careful — it's going to fall!; We're meeting Sam on Friday
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno

  • pet oblika budućnosti i pitanje po kome se bira svaki od njih
  • parovi will — going to
  • going to — Present Continuous
  • raspored — dogovor
  • won't naspram want

Sledi lekcija 6: ponavljanje lekcija 1–5.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 78

opciono

Reči za špil

15 reči
  • client /ˈklaɪənt/ klijent
  • arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ dogovoriti (se)
  • agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ agent
  • confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ potvrditi
  • forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ vremenska prognoza
  • cloud /klaʊd/ oblak
  • be about to /bi əˈbaʊt tə/ samo što nije, upravo će
  • afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ posle, nakon toga
  • text /tekst/ poslati poruku
  • spot /spɒt/ primetiti
  • hurry /ˈhʌri/ žuriti
  • any minute /ˌeni ˈmɪnɪt/ svakog časa
  • dentist /ˈdentɪst/ zubar
  • storm /stɔːm/ oluja, nevreme
  • take off /ˌteɪk ˈɒf/ poleteti

Pisanje

Šest rečenica o narednoj nedelji: jedan dogovor, jedna namera, jedno predviđanje na osnovu znakova, jedan raspored i jedna odluka doneta upravo sada.

Primer

I'm meeting a client on Friday at four. We're going to look at a new flat on Saturday. The office closes at three on Fridays, so I'll have time to get ready. Look at the sky — it's going to rain all weekend. Oh, and I've just remembered — it's Anna's birthday on Sunday. I'll buy her a present tomorrow.

Kontrolna lista

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