在面试中讲述经历
能讲述自己的工作经历，并能在现在完成时和一般过去时之间作出选择。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
5 分钟两种时态都说过去的事，但回答的是不同的问题。
| Present Perfect（现在完成时） | Past Simple（一般过去时） |
|---|---|
| 一生中有没有过 | 在某个时候发生过什么 |
| I have worked in a hotel. | I worked in a hotel in 2019. |
| She has lived in three countries. | She lived in Italy for two years, then came back. |
| 经历、结果、和现在有联系 | 过去一段已经结束的事 |
一条马上就能用的规则：句子里一旦说出了事情发生的时间，就不能用现在完成时。
| 说出了时间 → 一般过去时 | 没说时间 → 现在完成时 |
|---|---|
| yesterday, in 2019, last week, two years ago, when I was a student | ever, never, before, already, in my life, so far |
for + 一段时间不是说出时间点，两种时态都能用：事情已经结束——I worked there for two years；一直持续到现在——I've worked here for two years（第5课）。
典型的谈话顺序：先用现在完成时，再用一般过去时讲细节：
Have you ever worked with children?
Yes, I have. I worked in a school for two years — from 2018 to 2020. I taught English and I liked it very much.
第一个问题问的是有没有这种经历；后面的话都和具体时间联系在一起，所以用一般过去时。
中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写说出了时间还用完成时。
✗ I have worked there in 2019
✓ I worked there in 2019
。汉语的“过”可以和时间连用：“我2019年在那儿工作过”，于是就说成 have worked。这是本课最主要的错误。
有了时间词，动词却不变。
✗ I work in a hotel in 2019
✓ I worked in a hotel in 2019
。汉语靠“2019年”“去年”表示过去，动词本身不变；英语的时间词代替不了过去式。
问经历用 Did you ever…?。
✗ Did you ever work with children?——意思能懂（美国人这么说），但在英国英语里问经历用现在完成时 → ✓ Have you ever worked with children?
说已去世的人用完成时。
✗ My grandfather has worked as a doctor
✓ worked
。 “我爷爷当过医生”里的“过”会把人引向完成时；可他的一生已经结束，和现在没有联系。
发音
3 分钟区别全在助动词上，而助动词不重读——所以听起来很不明显：
| I've worked there. | /aɪv ˈwɜːkt/ |
| I worked there. | /aɪ ˈwɜːkt/ |
唯一的依据是一个短短的 /v/。普通话的音节不以 /v/ 结尾，这个音自己说的时候也容易丢掉。所以听母语者说话，区别往往要靠意思来判断：句子里有没有说出时间。
课文
3 分钟Have you ever worked in a hotel?
Yes, I have. I worked in a small hotel in Italy for two years.
When was that?
From 2018 to 2020. I left when the company closed.
Have you ever managed a team?
No, I haven't. But I have worked with a lot of different people.
练习
8–10 分钟1. 选择。
- I (work) in a hotel in 2019
- I (work) in a hotel — I know this job
- you ever (be) to Italy?
- I (be) in Italy last summer
显示答案
2. 改错。
- I have worked there in 2019.
- Did you ever work with children?（英国英语）
- My grandfather has worked as a doctor.（他已经去世）
显示答案
3. 配对。
- yesterday
- in 2019
- two years ago
- ever
- never
显示答案
4. 续写对话。
— Have you ever worked in a shop? — Yes, I have. … 参考答案：I worked in a shop for a year, from 2019 to 2020.
小结
本课已学：初步区分现在完成时和一般过去时，“说出时间就用一般过去时”这条规则，谈论经历时的说话顺序。下一课——第21课：谈学习。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
12 词- experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ 经历；经验
- interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ 面试
- manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ 管理，领导
- team /tiːm/ 团队
- skill /skɪl/ 技能
- CV /ˌsiː ˈviː/ 简历
- apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ 申请（职位等）
- salary /ˈsæləri/ 工资，薪水
- different /ˈdɪfrənt/ 不同的，各种各样的
- taught /tɔːt/ 教过（teach 的过去式）
- left /left/ 离开了，辞职了（leave 的过去式）
- so far /səʊ ˈfɑː/ 到目前为止
写作
写五句话，讲讲你的工作经历：一般有过什么经历，具体什么时候做过什么。
范例： I have worked for three companies. I worked in a hotel in Italy for two years, from 2018 to 2020. I have never managed a team, but I have worked with a lot of different people. In 2021 I worked in a shop for six months. I have always liked working with people.
检查清单：说出了时间的地方，用的是一般过去时吗？没说时间的经历，用的是现在完成时吗？