Grammatika ~54 min tuumikust jäänud

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Pärast seda õppetundi oskad

Oskan rääkida ebareaalsest või vähetõenäolisest ja anda nõu väljendiga „sinu asemel“.

Alusta tundi Tuum 54 min · sammud: 6 · valikuline: +2

Väljakuulutatud tuuma aeg. Kaks tuumaplokki ei sisalda aega, seega on tegelik õppetund sellest summast pikem.

Grammatika

15 min

A2 #27 tunnis oli tingimus reaalne: If it rains, I'll stay at home — vihm on täiesti võimalik. Kuid sageli räägime sellest, mida pole: „kui mul oleks aega“, „kui ma elaksin mere ääres“. Selleks on teist tüüpi tingimuslause.

Vorm: if + minevik, pealauses would + algvorm.

jaatus If I had more time, I'd learn Italian.
eitus If I didn't have to work, I wouldn't get up at six.
küsimus What would you do if you won the lottery?
lühivastus Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.

'd on would-i lühend, sama mis väljendis I'd like (A2 #17). Osad võib vahetada: I'd learn Italian if I had more time. Koma on vaja ainult siis, kui if-osa on ees. would asemel võib olla could — „saaksin“: If I had a car, I could drive to work.

Minevikuvorm ei tähenda siin minevikku. If I had more time räägib tänasest päevast. Minevikuvorm lükkab sündmuse tegelikkusest eemale — samamoodi nagu viisakas Could you…? (A2 #17). Eesti keeles teeb sama tööd tingiv kõneviis: „kui mul oleks aega“ räägib praegusest, mitte minevikust. Inglise keeles kannab seda tingimuse osas minevikuvorm.

Millal kasutatakse.

Sellest, mida praegu pole: If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day. Ma ei ela mere ääres.

Tulevikust, mis on vähetõenäoline või välja mõeldud: What would you do if you won a million pounds? Võita on peaaegu võimatu, seepärast — teine tüüp.

Nõu andmiseks: If I were you, I'd… — sellest allpool.

Võrdle esimest ja teist tüüpi. Vahe pole „kui“-s, vaid selles, kui palju rääkija tingimusse usub:

If I get the job, I'll move to Bristol. Võimalus on reaalne: töövestlus läks hästi.
If I got the job, I'd move to Bristol. Võimalus on väike: ma peaaegu ei looda.

Olukord on sama, aga tüübi valik ütleb, kuidas sa seda hindad.

were kõigis isikutes. if-i järel on be-l eriline vorm — were isegi I, he, she puhul: If I were rich…, If she were here… Kõnes öeldakse sageli ka If I was rich — see on samuti õige, lihtsalt lihtsam ja vähem raamatulik.

Nõuanne: If I were you, I'd… — „sinu asemel ma…ksin“. Siin ütlevad emakeelsed kõnelejad peaaegu alati were: If I were you, I'd talk to your manager. I wouldn't buy that car if I were you. Selline nõuanne on pehmem kui You should… (A2 #11): sa ei õpeta inimest, vaid paned end tema asemele. Sageli jäetakse esimene osa ära: I'd talk to your manager — „sinu asemel“ on niigi arusaadav.

would ilma if-ita. Pealause elab ka üksi, kui tingimus on vestlusest selge või seda polegi: It would be nice to have a garden. — „Oleks tore, kui oleks aed.“ I'd never do that. — „Ma ei teeks seda kunagi.“ Which city would you like to live in? See on sama ebareaalsus, ainult „kui“ jääb ütlemata. Seepärast kõlab would nii sageli unistustes, hinnangutes ja viisakates küsimustes.

Veel näiteid:

If I knew her number, I'd call her. Kui ma teaksin ta numbrit, helistaksin talle.
If it wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often. Kui see poleks nii kallis, käiksime sagedamini.
I'd be happier if I didn't live so far from work. Ma oleksin õnnelikum, kui elaksin tööle lähemal.
Would you live abroad if you could? Kas elaksid välismaal, kui saaksid?

Nii ei öelda. ✗ If I had more time, I will learn Italian → ✓ If I had more time, I'd learn Italian. Kui tingimus on ebareaalne, on ebareaalne ka pealause: will sellega ei sobi.

Kontrolli ennast. Mida tähendab If I had a car, I'd drive to work: kas auto on või ei ole? Kuidas öelda „sinu asemel ma ei muretseks“? Võimalus võita on peaaegu null — kuidas lõpetada If I ___ (win), I ___ (buy) a house?

näita vastuseid
autot ei ole — minevik if-i järel räägib ebareaalsest; If I were you, I wouldn't worry (või I wouldn't worry if I were you); teine tüüp: If I won, I'd buy a house.
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Eesti keele kõneleja vead

kirjutatud sinu keele jaoks
1

would mõlemas osas

✗ If I would have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

Eesti „kui mul oleks rohkem aega, õpiksin itaalia keelt“ — tingiv kõneviis on mõlemas osas, ja would tahab tulla ka if-i järele. Inglise keeles on would ainult pealauses; if-i järel teeb tema tööd minevikuvorm.

2

Olevik if-i järel ebareaalse tingimuse korral

✗ If I have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

Eesti keeles pole ebareaalsus minevikuga seotud, ja kes teab, et if-i järele would-i ei panda, võtab kergesti oleviku. Kuid olevik if-i järel on esimene, reaalne tüüp, ja would-iga see kokku ei sobi.

3

„Sinu asemel“ sõna-sõnalt

✗ On your place I would talk to him

✓ If I were you, I'd talk to him

„Asemel“ on sõna „ase“ alalütlev kääne, ja sõna-sõnalt tõlkides tuleb kergesti on your place. Inglise keeles nii ei öelda; tavaline nõuande vormel on If I were you.

4

Koma if-i ees

✗ I'd learn Italian, if I had more time

✓ I'd learn Italian if I had more time

Eesti keeles eraldatakse kõrvallause alati komaga (A2 #27), inglise keeles ainult siis, kui if-osa on ees.

Hääldus

4 min

would jaatuses kahaneb /d/-ks: I'd learn /aɪd ˈlɜːn/. Kõrva järgi eristab seda I learn-ist üks häälik, seepärast toetu if-ile ja kõrval olevale minevikuvormile: need annavad märku, et edasi tuleb would.

Täispikk would — /wʊd/, riimub sõnaga good, täht l ei hääldu. Täispikk ja rõhuline on see lühivastuses: Yes, I would. Küsimuses ja nimisõna järel, rõhuta, on see nõrk — /wəd/: What would you do? /ˈwɒt wəd ju ˈduː/. wouldn't — /ˈwʊdnt/, /d/ ja /n/ vahel täishäälikut pole.

were väljendis If I were you on rõhuta — /wə/: /ɪf aɪ wə ˈjuː/. Rõhk langeb sõnale you, ja nõuande lõpus hääl langeb: nii kõlab see sõbralikult ja kindlalt.

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Tekst

5 min

This week we asked our readers: what would you do if you didn't have to work for a year?

Megan, a nurse from Cardiff: "I'd learn Italian properly. I'd find a small flat in Bologna, and I wouldn't speak a word of English for twelve months. If I lived there, I'd go to the market every morning and cook real Italian food. It would be a big adventure."

Dev, a taxi driver from Leeds: "Honestly? I'd sleep for a week first. Then I'd walk round the whole coast of Wales. It's about 870 miles, so if I walked twenty miles a day, I could finish it in about six weeks."

Lucy, a student from Belfast: "I wouldn't travel — everybody says that. I'd make my own computer game. I already have the idea. If I had more time, I'd finish it in a few months."

One reader sent us a different question: "My job is boring, but it's safe. Should I leave?" Our advice: if we were you, we wouldn't leave without a plan. We'd start an evening course first. If you enjoyed it, you could change jobs next year.

Valjusti lugemine

Harjutused

30 min

1. Lünkharjutus.

  1. If I (have) more time, I (learn) to play the piano
  2. If she (live) closer, we (see) each other more often
  3. What you (do) if you (win) the lottery?
  4. If I (be) you, I (not / buy) that car
  5. I (go) to the party if I (not / have) to work
  6. If we (know) her address, we (send) her a card
  7. He (be) healthier if he (not / smoke)
  8. If I (can) speak French, I (apply) for that job in Paris
Näita vastuseid
had / would learn; lived / would see; would / do / won; were / wouldn't buy; would go / didn't have; knew / would send; would be / didn't smoke; could / would apply

2. Valik.

  1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home. (täiesti võimalik)
  2. If I (live) in London, I (go) to the theatre every week. (ei ela)
  3. If you (hurry), you (catch) the bus. (jõuab küll)
  4. If I (have) a garden, I (grow) vegetables. (aeda pole)
  5. If she (call) tonight, I (tell) her the news. (ilmselt helistab)
  6. If dogs (can) talk, they (tell) us a lot. (fantaasia)
Näita vastuseid
rains / will stay; lived / would go; hurry / will catch; had / would grow; calls / will tell; could / would tell

3. Vea leidmine.

  1. If I would have more money, I would travel.
  2. If I have more time, I would learn Italian.
  3. On your place I would talk to the manager.
  4. If she knew the answer, she will tell us.
  5. What you would do if you won the lottery?
  6. If I were you, I would to call him.
Näita vastuseid
If I had more money, I would travel / If I had more money, I'd travel; If I had more time, I would learn Italian / If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I have more time, I will learn Italian; If I were you, I would talk to the manager / If I were you, I'd talk to the manager / If I was you, I would talk to the manager / If I was you, I'd talk to the manager; If she knew the answer, she would tell us / If she knew the answer, she'd tell us / If she knows the answer, she will tell us; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I were you, I would call him / If I were you, I'd call him

4. Kirjuta ümber ebareaalse tingimusena,

  1. I don't have a car, so I don't drive to work.
  2. She doesn't speak Spanish, so she can't work in Madrid.
  3. We live in the city, so we don't have a garden.
  4. I'm not rich, so I can't buy a house by the sea.
  5. He works at weekends, so he can't come to the match.
  6. I don't know her number, so I can't call her.
Näita vastuseid
If I had a car, I would drive to work / If I had a car, I'd drive to work / If I had a car, I could drive to work; If she spoke Spanish, she could work in Madrid; If we didn't live in the city, we would have a garden / If we didn't live in the city, we'd have a garden; If I were rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I would buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I'd buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I'd buy a house by the sea; If he didn't work at weekends, he could come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he would come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he'd come to the match; If I knew her number, I could call her / If I knew her number, I would call her / If I knew her number, I'd call her

5. Laienda vihje nõuandeks

  1. I'm always tired. (go to bed earlier)
  2. My laptop is very slow. (buy a new one)
  3. I've got toothache. (see a dentist)
  4. My flat is too expensive. (look for a cheaper one)
  5. I'm thinking of leaving my job. (not / leave without a new one)
Näita vastuseid
If I were you, I'd go to bed earlier / If I were you, I would go to bed earlier; If I were you, I'd buy a new one / If I were you, I would buy a new one; If I were you, I'd see a dentist / If I were you, I would see a dentist; If I were you, I'd look for a cheaper one / If I were you, I would look for a cheaper one; If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new one / If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new job

6. Vasta täislausetega

— enda kohta. Allolevad vastused on näidis. 1) What would you do if you won a million pounds? 2) Where would you live if you could choose any city in the world? 3) What would you change in your life if you had more free time?

Näita vastuseid
I'd buy a house for my parents and travel round the world; I'd live in Lisbon — it's warm, and the food is great; I'd do more sport, and I'd read more

7. Tõlgi inglise keelde.

1) Kui mul oleks rohkem aega, õpiksin itaalia keelt. 2) Sinu asemel räägiksin ma ülemusega. 3) Mida sa teeksid, kui võidaksid loteriiga? 4) Kui ma elaksin mere ääres, ujuksin iga päev. 5) Kui ma teaksin ta aadressi, kirjutaksin talle.

Näita vastuseid
If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I had more time, I would learn Italian; If I were you, I'd talk to your manager / If I were you, I'd talk to your boss; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day / If I lived by the sea, I would swim every day; If I knew her address, I'd write to her / If I knew her address, I would write to her
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Kokkuvõte

Selles tunnis läbitud

  • teist tüüpi tingimuslaused kõigis vormides
  • could would-i asemel
  • minevikuvorm kui kaugus tegelikkusest
  • valik esimese ja teise tüübi vahel
  • were kõigis isikutes
  • nõuanne väljendiga If I were you

Edasi — 9. tund: kahetsus ja soov.

Tuumiku lõpp

Tund loetakse tehtuks, kui harjutused on sooritatud. Kõik pärast seda on valikuline.

Tund 81

valikuline

Sõnavara kaardipakki

15 sõna
  • reader /ˈriːdə/ lugeja
  • nurse /nɜːs/ meditsiiniõde
  • properly /ˈprɒpəli/ korralikult, nagu peab
  • market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ turg
  • adventure /ədˈventʃə/ seiklus
  • honestly /ˈɒnɪstli/ ausalt öeldes
  • mile /maɪl/ miil
  • boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ igav
  • safe /seɪf/ kindel, turvaline
  • advice /ədˈvaɪs/ nõuanne, nõu
  • evening course /ˈiːvnɪŋ kɔːs/ õhtukursus
  • lottery /ˈlɒtəri/ loterii
  • win /wɪn/ võitma
  • toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ hambavalu
  • apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ kandideerima (millelegi)

Kirjutamine

Viis-kuus lauset: mida sa teeksid, kui sa ei peaks aasta aega töötama, ja üks nõuanne sõbrale väljendiga If I were you.

Näidis

If I didn't have to work for a year, I'd travel round South America. I'd learn Spanish on the way, and I'd write a blog about the trip. If I had enough money, I'd also buy a good camera. My friend Tom wants to leave his job, but he hasn't found a new one yet. I said to him: "If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a plan."

Kontroll-loend

Mustand salvestatakse selles seadmes
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Harjuta seda õppetundi teistes osades

Diktaatselle tunni põhjal Kirjuta üles see, mida kuuled. Kontroll näitab iga erinevat sõna ja kuidas. Kirjuta diktaat Valjusti lugemineselle tunni põhjal Loe tunni tekst valjusti — kõnetuvastus märgib sõnad, mida ei tuvastanud. Loe tekst ette Lugemine ja kuulamineA1–C1 Tekstid igal tasemel koos mõistmisküsimustega; transkript avaneb pärast vastamist. Proovi

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