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Mogu da pričam o nestvarnom ili malo verovatnom i da dam savet rečima „na tvom mestu“.

Započni lekciju Jezgro 54 min · koraci: 6 · opciono: +2

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Gramatika

15 min

U A2 #27 uslov je bio stvaran: If it rains, I'll stay at home — kiša je sasvim moguća. Ali često govorimo o onome čega nema: „da imam vremena“, „kad bih živeo pored mora“. Za to postoji drugi tip pogodbenih rečenica.

Oblik: if + prošlo vreme, u glavnom delu would + osnovni oblik.

potvrdna rečenica If I had more time, I'd learn Italian.
odrična rečenica If I didn't have to work, I wouldn't get up at six.
pitanje What would you do if you won the lottery?
kratak odgovor Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.

'd je skraćenica od would, isto kao u I'd like (A2 #17). Delovi mogu da zamene mesta: I'd learn Italian if I had more time. Zarez je potreban samo kad deo sa if stoji prvi. Umesto would može da stoji could — „mogao bih“: If I had a car, I could drive to work.

Prošlo vreme ovde ne znači prošlost. If I had more time — to je o današnjem danu. Prošli oblik odmiče događaj od stvarnosti — isto kao u učtivom Could you…? (A2 #17). U srpskom sličan posao radi potencijal: u „kad bih imao vremena“ stoji „imao“ — isti oblik kao u perfektu („imao sam“), iako je reč o sadašnjosti.

Kada se koristi.

O onome čega sada nema: If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day. Ne živim pored mora.

O budućnosti koja je malo verovatna ili izmišljena: What would you do if you won a million pounds? Dobitak je skoro nemoguć, zato — drugi tip.

Za savet: If I were you, I'd… — o tome niže.

Uporedi prvi i drugi tip. Razlika nije u „ako“, nego u tome koliko govornik veruje u uslov:

If I get the job, I'll move to Bristol. Šansa je realna: razgovor za posao je prošao dobro.
If I got the job, I'd move to Bristol. Šansa je mala: skoro da se ne nadam.

Situacija je ista, a izbor tipa saopštava kako je procenjuješ.

were za sva lica. Posle if glagol be ima poseban oblik — were čak i sa I, he, she: If I were rich…, If she were here… U razgovoru se često kaže i If I was rich — i to je pravilno, samo jednostavnije i manje knjiški.

Savet: If I were you, I'd… — „na tvom mestu ja bih…“. Ovde izvorni govornici skoro uvek kažu were: If I were you, I'd talk to your manager. I wouldn't buy that car if I were you. Takav savet je blaži od You should… (A2 #11): ne poučavaš čoveka, nego se stavljaš na njegovo mesto. Često se prvi deo izostavlja: I'd talk to your manager — „na tvom mestu“ se i tako podrazumeva.

would bez if. Glavni deo živi i sam, kad je uslov jasan iz razgovora ili ga uopšte nema: It would be nice to have a garden. — „Bilo bi lepo imati baštu.“ I'd never do that. — „Ja to nikad ne bih uradio.“ Which city would you like to live in? To je ista nestvarnost, samo „kad bi“ nije izgovoreno. Zato se would tako često čuje u maštanju, procenama i učtivim pitanjima.

Još primera:

If I knew her number, I'd call her. Da znam njen broj, pozvao bih je.
If it wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often. Da nije tako skupo, išli bismo češće.
I'd be happier if I didn't live so far from work. Bio bih srećniji kad bih živeo bliže poslu.
Would you live abroad if you could? Da li bi živeo u inostranstvu da možeš?

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ If I had more time, I will learn Italian → ✓ If I had more time, I'd learn Italian. Ako je uslov nestvaran, nestvaran je i glavni deo: will uz njega ne ide.

Proveri se. Šta znači If I had a car, I'd drive to work: ima li čovek auto ili nema? Kako reći „na tvom mestu ne bih brinuo“? Šansa za dobitak je skoro nula — kako završiti If I ___ (win), I ___ (buy) a house?

prikaži odgovore
nema auto — prošlo vreme posle if govori o nestvarnom; If I were you, I wouldn't worry (ili I wouldn't worry if I were you); drugi tip: If I won, I'd buy a house.
Oglas

Greške govornika srpskog jezika

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

would u oba dela

✗ If I would have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

Srpski potencijal stoji u oba dela — „kad bih imao više vremena, učio bih italijanski“ — pa se would stavlja i posle if. U engleskom would stoji samo u glavnom delu; posle if njegovu ulogu igra prošlo vreme. I „kad“ se tu prevodi sa if, a ne sa when: when je za ono što će se sigurno desiti (A2 #27).

2

Sadašnje vreme posle if

✗ If I have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

Srpski nestvaran uslov često iskazuje sa „da“ i prezentom — „da imam više vremena“, „da živim pored mora“ — i taj prezent se prenosi doslovno. Ali sadašnje vreme posle if pripada prvom, stvarnom tipu, i sa would ne ide.

3

„Na tvom mestu“ doslovno

✗ On your place I would talk to him

✓ If I were you, I'd talk to him

Srpski izraz se lako prevede reč po reč, ali on your place se na engleskom ne kaže. Postoji in your position, ali uobičajena formula saveta je If I were you.

Izgovor

4 min

would se u potvrdnoj rečenici skraćuje na /d/: I'd learn /aɪd ˈlɜːn/. Na sluh ga od I learn razlikuje jedan glas, zato se oslanjaj na if i prošlo vreme u blizini: oni nagoveštavaju da će dalje doći would.

Puno would — /wʊd/, rimuje se sa good, slovo l se ne čita. Puno i naglašeno je u kratkom odgovoru: Yes, I would. U pitanju i posle imenice, bez naglaska, slabo je — /wəd/: What would you do? /ˈwɒt wəd ju ˈduː/. wouldn't — /ˈwʊdnt/, bez samoglasnika između /d/ i /n/.

were u If I were you je nenaglašeno — /wə/: /ɪf aɪ wə ˈjuː/. Naglasak pada na you, a na kraju saveta glas se spušta: tako zvuči prijateljski i sigurno.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

This week we asked our readers: what would you do if you didn't have to work for a year?

Megan, a nurse from Cardiff: "I'd learn Italian properly. I'd find a small flat in Bologna, and I wouldn't speak a word of English for twelve months. If I lived there, I'd go to the market every morning and cook real Italian food. It would be a big adventure."

Dev, a taxi driver from Leeds: "Honestly? I'd sleep for a week first. Then I'd walk round the whole coast of Wales. It's about 870 miles, so if I walked twenty miles a day, I could finish it in about six weeks."

Lucy, a student from Belfast: "I wouldn't travel — everybody says that. I'd make my own computer game. I already have the idea. If I had more time, I'd finish it in a few months."

One reader sent us a different question: "My job is boring, but it's safe. Should I leave?" Our advice: if we were you, we wouldn't leave without a plan. We'd start an evening course first. If you enjoyed it, you could change jobs next year.

Čitanje naglas

Vežbe

30 min

1. Popunjavanje.

  1. If I (have) more time, I (learn) to play the piano
  2. If she (live) closer, we (see) each other more often
  3. What you (do) if you (win) the lottery?
  4. If I (be) you, I (not / buy) that car
  5. I (go) to the party if I (not / have) to work
  6. If we (know) her address, we (send) her a card
  7. He (be) healthier if he (not / smoke)
  8. If I (can) speak French, I (apply) for that job in Paris
Prikaži odgovore
had / would learn; lived / would see; would / do / won; were / wouldn't buy; would go / didn't have; knew / would send; would be / didn't smoke; could / would apply

2. Izbor.

  1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home. (sasvim moguće)
  2. If I (live) in London, I (go) to the theatre every week. (ne živim tamo)
  3. If you (hurry), you (catch) the bus. (može se stići)
  4. If I (have) a garden, I (grow) vegetables. (bašte nema)
  5. If she (call) tonight, I (tell) her the news. (verovatno će zvati)
  6. If dogs (can) talk, they (tell) us a lot. (maštanje)
Prikaži odgovore
rains / will stay; lived / would go; hurry / will catch; had / would grow; calls / will tell; could / would tell

3. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. If I would have more money, I would travel.
  2. If I have more time, I would learn Italian.
  3. On your place I would talk to the manager.
  4. If she knew the answer, she will tell us.
  5. What you would do if you won the lottery?
  6. If I were you, I would to call him.
Prikaži odgovore
If I had more money, I would travel / If I had more money, I'd travel; If I had more time, I would learn Italian / If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I have more time, I will learn Italian; If I were you, I would talk to the manager / If I were you, I'd talk to the manager / If I was you, I would talk to the manager / If I was you, I'd talk to the manager; If she knew the answer, she would tell us / If she knew the answer, she'd tell us / If she knows the answer, she will tell us; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I were you, I would call him / If I were you, I'd call him

4. Prepiši kao nestvaran uslov,

  1. I don't have a car, so I don't drive to work.
  2. She doesn't speak Spanish, so she can't work in Madrid.
  3. We live in the city, so we don't have a garden.
  4. I'm not rich, so I can't buy a house by the sea.
  5. He works at weekends, so he can't come to the match.
  6. I don't know her number, so I can't call her.
Prikaži odgovore
If I had a car, I would drive to work / If I had a car, I'd drive to work / If I had a car, I could drive to work; If she spoke Spanish, she could work in Madrid; If we didn't live in the city, we would have a garden / If we didn't live in the city, we'd have a garden; If I were rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I would buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I'd buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I'd buy a house by the sea; If he didn't work at weekends, he could come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he would come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he'd come to the match; If I knew her number, I could call her / If I knew her number, I would call her / If I knew her number, I'd call her

5. Razvij podsticaj u savet

  1. I'm always tired. (go to bed earlier)
  2. My laptop is very slow. (buy a new one)
  3. I've got toothache. (see a dentist)
  4. My flat is too expensive. (look for a cheaper one)
  5. I'm thinking of leaving my job. (not / leave without a new one)
Prikaži odgovore
If I were you, I'd go to bed earlier / If I were you, I would go to bed earlier; If I were you, I'd buy a new one / If I were you, I would buy a new one; If I were you, I'd see a dentist / If I were you, I would see a dentist; If I were you, I'd look for a cheaper one / If I were you, I would look for a cheaper one; If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new one / If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new job

6. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Odgovori ispod su primer. 1) What would you do if you won a million pounds? 2) Where would you live if you could choose any city in the world? 3) What would you change in your life if you had more free time?

Prikaži odgovore
I'd buy a house for my parents and travel round the world; I'd live in Lisbon — it's warm, and the food is great; I'd do more sport, and I'd read more

7. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Da imam više vremena, učio bih italijanski. 2) Na tvom mestu razgovarao bih sa šefom. 3) Šta bi uradio kad bi dobio na lutriji? 4) Da živim pored mora, plivao bih svaki dan. 5) Da znam njenu adresu, pisao bih joj.

Prikaži odgovore
If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I had more time, I would learn Italian; If I were you, I'd talk to your manager / If I were you, I'd talk to your boss; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day / If I lived by the sea, I would swim every day; If I knew her address, I'd write to her / If I knew her address, I would write to her
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno

  • drugi tip pogodbenih rečenica u svim oblicima
  • could umesto would
  • prošlo vreme kao odmak od stvarnosti
  • izbor između prvog i drugog tipa
  • were za sva lica
  • savet sa If I were you

Sledi lekcija 9: žaljenje i želja.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 81

opciono

Reči za špil

15 reči
  • reader /ˈriːdə/ čitalac
  • nurse /nɜːs/ medicinska sestra, medicinski tehničar
  • properly /ˈprɒpəli/ kako treba
  • market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ pijaca
  • adventure /ədˈventʃə/ avantura
  • honestly /ˈɒnɪstli/ iskreno rečeno
  • mile /maɪl/ milja
  • boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ dosadan
  • safe /seɪf/ siguran
  • advice /ədˈvaɪs/ savet
  • evening course /ˈiːvnɪŋ kɔːs/ večernji kurs
  • lottery /ˈlɒtəri/ lutrija
  • win /wɪn/ pobediti, dobiti
  • toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ zubobolja
  • apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ konkurisati za

Pisanje

Pet-šest rečenica: šta bi radio kad ne bi morao da radiš godinu dana, i jedan savet prijatelju sa If I were you.

Primer

If I didn't have to work for a year, I'd travel round South America. I'd learn Spanish on the way, and I'd write a blog about the trip. If I had enough money, I'd also buy a good camera. My friend Tom wants to leave his job, but he hasn't found a new one yet. I said to him: "If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a plan."

Kontrolna lista

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