Gramática ~54 min do núcleo restante

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Após esta lição você poderá

Consigo falar do irreal ou do pouco provável e dar um conselho com “se eu fosse você”.

Iniciar a lição Núcleo 54 min · etapas: 6 · opcional: +2

Tempo declarado do núcleo. Dois blocos do núcleo não trazem número, então a lição real é mais longa que esta soma.

Gramática

15 min

No A2 #27 a condição era real: If it rains, I'll stay at home — a chuva é bem possível. Mas muitas vezes falamos do que não existe: “se eu tivesse tempo”, “se eu morasse perto do mar”. Para isso existe o segundo tipo de condicional.

A forma: if + passado, e na parte principal would + forma básica.

afirmação If I had more time, I'd learn Italian.
negação If I didn't have to work, I wouldn't get up at six.
pergunta What would you do if you won the lottery?
resposta curta Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.

'd é a contração de would, a mesma de I'd like (A2 #17). As partes podem trocar de lugar: I'd learn Italian if I had more time. A vírgula só é necessária quando a parte com if vem primeiro. No lugar de would pode vir could — “poderia”: If I had a car, I could drive to work.

O passado aqui não quer dizer passado. If I had more time fala de hoje. A forma do passado afasta o fato da realidade — como no educado Could you…? (A2 #17). Em português esse trabalho é do imperfeito do subjuntivo: “se eu tivesse tempo” também tem forma de passado, embora se fale de agora.

Quando se usa.

Para o que não existe agora: If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day. Eu não moro perto do mar.

Para um futuro pouco provável ou inventado: What would you do if you won a million pounds? Ganhar é quase impossível, por isso — segundo tipo.

Para dar conselho: If I were you, I'd… — sobre isso, mais abaixo.

Compare o primeiro e o segundo tipo. A diferença não está no “se”, e sim no quanto quem fala acredita na condição:

If I get the job, I'll move to Bristol. A chance é real: a entrevista foi bem.
If I got the job, I'd move to Bristol. A chance é pequena: quase não tenho esperança.

A situação é a mesma, e a escolha do tipo comunica como você a avalia.

were para todas as pessoas. Depois de if, o be tem uma forma especial — were, mesmo com I, he, she: If I were rich…, If she were here… Na conversa também se diz muito If I was rich — também está certo, só que é mais simples e menos formal.

O conselho: If I were you, I'd… — “se eu fosse você, eu…”, palavra por palavra. Aqui os nativos quase sempre dizem were: If I were you, I'd talk to your manager. I wouldn't buy that car if I were you. Esse conselho é mais suave que You should… (A2 #11): você não ensina a pessoa, e sim se põe no lugar dela. Muitas vezes a primeira parte é omitida: I'd talk to your manager — o “se eu fosse você” se subentende.

would sem if. A parte principal vive também sozinha, quando a condição fica clara pela conversa ou nem existe: It would be nice to have a garden. — “Seria bom ter um jardim”. I'd never do that. — “Eu nunca faria isso”. Which city would you like to live in? É a mesma irrealidade, só que o “se” não é dito. Por isso would aparece tanto em sonhos, avaliações e perguntas educadas.

Mais exemplos:

If I knew her number, I'd call her. Se eu soubesse o número dela, ligaria para ela.
If it wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often. Se não fosse tão caro, a gente iria mais vezes.
I'd be happier if I didn't live so far from work. Eu seria mais feliz se morasse mais perto do trabalho.
Would you live abroad if you could? Você moraria no exterior, se pudesse?

Assim não se diz. ✗ If I had more time, I will learn Italian → ✓ If I had more time, I'd learn Italian. Se a condição é irreal, a parte principal também é: will não combina com ela.

Teste-se. O que quer dizer If I had a car, I'd drive to work: a pessoa tem carro ou não? Como se diz “no seu lugar, eu não me preocuparia”? A chance de ganhar é quase zero — como terminar If I ___ (win), I ___ (buy) a house?

mostrar as respostas
não tem carro — o passado depois de if fala do irreal; If I were you, I wouldn't worry (ou I wouldn't worry if I were you); segundo tipo: If I won, I'd buy a house.
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Erros de quem fala português do Brasil

escrito para o seu idioma
1

would também depois de if

“Teria”, “aprenderia” se traduzem por would, e a tentação é pôr would nas duas partes: ✗ If I would have more time, I would learn Italian → ✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian. Mas o português, como o inglês, deixa o condicional só na parte principal: “se eu tivesse tempo, aprenderia”. Depois de if vai o passado, o equivalente do “tivesse”.

2

“Poderia” como would can

✗ If I had a car, I would can drive to work

✓ If I had a car, I could drive to work

“Poderia” é o condicional de “poder” e parece pedir would + can. Mas can não aceita would antes: “poderia” em inglês é could.

3

Falta o it

“Seria bom ter um jardim”, “se não fosse tão caro…” → ✗ Would be nice to have a garden, ✗ If wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often → ✓ It would be nice to have a garden, ✓ If it wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often. Em português essas frases não têm sujeito; o inglês exige it, também com would e depois de if.

Pronúncia

4 min

would na afirmação se reduz a /d/: I'd learn /aɪd ˈlɜːn/. De ouvido, só um som o distingue de I learn, por isso apoie-se no if e no passado ao lado: eles avisam que depois vem would.

O would completo — /wʊd/, rima com good, e a letra l não se lê. Completo e tônico ele aparece na resposta curta: Yes, I would. Na pergunta e depois de substantivo, sem acento, é fraco — /wəd/: What would you do? /ˈwɒt wəd ju ˈduː/. wouldn't — /ˈwʊdnt/, sem vogal entre /d/ e /n/.

were em If I were you é átono — /wə/: /ɪf aɪ wə ˈjuː/. O acento cai em you, e no fim do conselho a voz desce: assim ele soa amigável e seguro.

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Texto

5 min

This week we asked our readers: what would you do if you didn't have to work for a year?

Megan, a nurse from Cardiff: "I'd learn Italian properly. I'd find a small flat in Bologna, and I wouldn't speak a word of English for twelve months. If I lived there, I'd go to the market every morning and cook real Italian food. It would be a big adventure."

Dev, a taxi driver from Leeds: "Honestly? I'd sleep for a week first. Then I'd walk round the whole coast of Wales. It's about 870 miles, so if I walked twenty miles a day, I could finish it in about six weeks."

Lucy, a student from Belfast: "I wouldn't travel — everybody says that. I'd make my own computer game. I already have the idea. If I had more time, I'd finish it in a few months."

One reader sent us a different question: "My job is boring, but it's safe. Should I leave?" Our advice: if we were you, we wouldn't leave without a plan. We'd start an evening course first. If you enjoyed it, you could change jobs next year.

Leitura em voz alta

Exercícios

30 min

1. Preenchimento de lacunas.

  1. If I (have) more time, I (learn) to play the piano
  2. If she (live) closer, we (see) each other more often
  3. What you (do) if you (win) the lottery?
  4. If I (be) you, I (not / buy) that car
  5. I (go) to the party if I (not / have) to work
  6. If we (know) her address, we (send) her a card
  7. He (be) healthier if he (not / smoke)
  8. If I (can) speak French, I (apply) for that job in Paris
Mostrar as respostas
had / would learn; lived / would see; would / do / won; were / wouldn't buy; would go / didn't have; knew / would send; would be / didn't smoke; could / would apply

2. Múltipla escolha.

  1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home. (bem possível)
  2. If I (live) in London, I (go) to the theatre every week. (não moro lá)
  3. If you (hurry), you (catch) the bus. (dá tempo)
  4. If I (have) a garden, I (grow) vegetables. (não tenho jardim)
  5. If she (call) tonight, I (tell) her the news. (ela provavelmente vai ligar)
  6. If dogs (can) talk, they (tell) us a lot. (fantasia)
Mostrar as respostas
rains / will stay; lived / would go; hurry / will catch; had / would grow; calls / will tell; could / would tell

3. Identificação de erros.

  1. If I would have more money, I would travel.
  2. If I have more time, I would learn Italian.
  3. On your place I would talk to the manager.
  4. If she knew the answer, she will tell us.
  5. What you would do if you won the lottery?
  6. If I were you, I would to call him.
Mostrar as respostas
If I had more money, I would travel / If I had more money, I'd travel; If I had more time, I would learn Italian / If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I have more time, I will learn Italian; If I were you, I would talk to the manager / If I were you, I'd talk to the manager / If I was you, I would talk to the manager / If I was you, I'd talk to the manager; If she knew the answer, she would tell us / If she knew the answer, she'd tell us / If she knows the answer, she will tell us; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I were you, I would call him / If I were you, I'd call him

4. Reescreva como condição irreal,

  1. I don't have a car, so I don't drive to work.
  2. She doesn't speak Spanish, so she can't work in Madrid.
  3. We live in the city, so we don't have a garden.
  4. I'm not rich, so I can't buy a house by the sea.
  5. He works at weekends, so he can't come to the match.
  6. I don't know her number, so I can't call her.
Mostrar as respostas
If I had a car, I would drive to work / If I had a car, I'd drive to work / If I had a car, I could drive to work; If she spoke Spanish, she could work in Madrid; If we didn't live in the city, we would have a garden / If we didn't live in the city, we'd have a garden; If I were rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I would buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I'd buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I'd buy a house by the sea; If he didn't work at weekends, he could come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he would come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he'd come to the match; If I knew her number, I could call her / If I knew her number, I would call her / If I knew her number, I'd call her

5. Transforme a pista num conselho

  1. I'm always tired. (go to bed earlier)
  2. My laptop is very slow. (buy a new one)
  3. I've got toothache. (see a dentist)
  4. My flat is too expensive. (look for a cheaper one)
  5. I'm thinking of leaving my job. (not / leave without a new one)
Mostrar as respostas
If I were you, I'd go to bed earlier / If I were you, I would go to bed earlier; If I were you, I'd buy a new one / If I were you, I would buy a new one; If I were you, I'd see a dentist / If I were you, I would see a dentist; If I were you, I'd look for a cheaper one / If I were you, I would look for a cheaper one; If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new one / If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new job

6. Responda com frases completas

— sobre você. As respostas abaixo são um modelo. 1) What would you do if you won a million pounds? 2) Where would you live if you could choose any city in the world? 3) What would you change in your life if you had more free time?

Mostrar as respostas
I'd buy a house for my parents and travel round the world; I'd live in Lisbon — it's warm, and the food is great; I'd do more sport, and I'd read more

7. Traduza para o inglês.

1) Se eu tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia italiano. 2) No seu lugar, eu falaria com o seu chefe. 3) O que você faria se ganhasse na loteria? 4) Se eu morasse perto do mar, nadaria todos os dias. 5) Se eu soubesse o endereço dela, escreveria para ela.

Mostrar as respostas
If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I had more time, I would learn Italian; If I were you, I'd talk to your manager / If I were you, I'd talk to your boss; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day / If I lived by the sea, I would swim every day; If I knew her address, I'd write to her / If I knew her address, I would write to her
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Resumo

Visto nesta lição

  • o segundo tipo de condicional em todas as formas
  • could no lugar de would
  • o passado como distância da realidade
  • a escolha entre o primeiro e o segundo tipo
  • were para todas as pessoas
  • o conselho com If I were you

A seguir — lição 9: pesar e desejo.

Fim do núcleo

A lição é concluída após os exercícios. Tudo depois disso é opcional.

Lição 81

opcional

Vocabulário para o deck

15 palavras
  • reader /ˈriːdə/ leitor
  • nurse /nɜːs/ enfermeiro, enfermeira
  • properly /ˈprɒpəli/ direito, como se deve
  • market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ mercado, feira
  • adventure /ədˈventʃə/ aventura
  • honestly /ˈɒnɪstli/ sinceramente, para ser sincero
  • mile /maɪl/ milha
  • boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ chato, entediante
  • safe /seɪf/ seguro, estável
  • advice /ədˈvaɪs/ conselho
  • evening course /ˈiːvnɪŋ kɔːs/ curso noturno
  • lottery /ˈlɒtəri/ loteria
  • win /wɪn/ ganhar
  • toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ dor de dente
  • apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ candidatar-se a

Escrita

Cinco ou seis frases: o que você faria se não precisasse trabalhar por um ano, e um conselho a um amigo com If I were you.

Modelo

If I didn't have to work for a year, I'd travel round South America. I'd learn Spanish on the way, and I'd write a blog about the trip. If I had enough money, I'd also buy a good camera. My friend Tom wants to leave his job, but he hasn't found a new one yet. I said to him: "If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a plan."

Checklist

O rascunho é salvo neste dispositivo
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