문법 핵심 ~54분 남음

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이 레슨을 마치면

현실이 아니거나 일어날 가능성이 낮은 일에 대해 말하고, '내가 너라면'으로 충고할 수 있습니다.

수업 시작 핵심 54분 · 단계: 6 · 선택: +2

표시된 핵심 시간. 두 개의 핵심 블록은 시간이 표시되지 않으므로 실제 레슨은 합계보다 깁니다.

문법

15분

A2 27과에서 조건은 실제로 가능한 것이었습니다: If it rains, I'll stay at home — 비는 충분히 올 수 있습니다. 하지만 우리는 지금 없는 것에 대해서도 자주 말합니다: '시간이 있다면', '바닷가에 산다면'. 이럴 때 쓰는 것이 2형 조건문(second conditional)입니다.

형태: if + 과거형, 주절에는 would + 동사원형.

긍정문 If I had more time, I'd learn Italian.
부정문 If I didn't have to work, I wouldn't get up at six.
의문문 What would you do if you won the lottery?
짧은 대답 Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.

'd는 would의 줄임꼴로, I'd like(A2 17과)의 그것과 같습니다. 두 부분의 순서는 바꿀 수 있습니다: I'd learn Italian if I had more time. 쉼표는 if 부분이 앞에 올 때만 찍습니다. would 대신 could — '~할 수 있을 텐데' — 가 오기도 합니다: If I had a car, I could drive to work.

여기서 과거형은 과거를 뜻하지 않습니다. If I had more time — 오늘의 이야기입니다. 과거형은 일을 현실에서 멀리 떼어 놓습니다 — 정중한 Could you…?(A2 17과)에서와 마찬가지입니다. 한국어에도 비슷한 일이 있습니다: '시간이 좀 더 있었으면 좋겠다'의 '-었-'은 과거의 표지이지만, 말하는 것은 지금입니다. 학교 문법에서는 이 구문을 '가정법 과거'라고 부릅니다. 이름에 '과거'가 들어가는 것은 형태가 과거형이기 때문이지, 과거의 일이어서가 아닙니다.

언제 쓰는가.

지금 없는 것에 대해: If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day. 나는 바닷가에 살지 않습니다.

일어날 가능성이 낮거나 상상한 미래에 대해: What would you do if you won a million pounds? 당첨은 거의 불가능하므로 2형입니다.

충고할 때: If I were you, I'd… — 아래에서 자세히 봅니다.

1형과 2형을 비교해 보십시오. 차이는 '만약'에 있지 않고, 말하는 사람이 그 조건을 얼마나 믿는가에 있습니다:

If I get the job, I'll move to Bristol. 가능성이 실제로 있음: 면접을 잘 봤음.
If I got the job, I'd move to Bristol. 가능성이 작음: 거의 기대하지 않음.

상황은 하나인데, 어느 유형을 고르는지가 그 상황을 어떻게 보는지 알려 줍니다.

모든 인칭에 were. if 뒤에서 be에는 특별한 형태가 있습니다 — I, he, she와도 were: If I were rich…, If she were here… 대화에서는 If I was rich라고도 많이 합니다 — 이것도 맞는 말이고, 다만 더 편하고 덜 격식적일 뿐입니다.

충고: If I were you, I'd… — '내가 너라면 ~하겠어'. 여기서는 원어민이 거의 언제나 were를 씁니다: If I were you, I'd talk to your manager. I wouldn't buy that car if I were you. 이런 충고는 You should…(A2 11과)보다 부드럽습니다: 상대를 가르치는 것이 아니라 내가 상대의 자리에 서 보는 것이기 때문입니다. 앞부분은 자주 생략합니다: I'd talk to your manager — '내가 너라면'은 말하지 않아도 알 수 있습니다.

if 없는 would. 조건이 대화에서 이미 분명하거나 아예 없을 때는 주절만 따로 쓰기도 합니다: It would be nice to have a garden. — '정원이 있으면 좋겠다'. I'd never do that. — '나라면 절대 그렇게 안 할 거야'. Which city would you like to live in? 같은 비현실이고, 다만 '~라면'을 말하지 않았을 뿐입니다. 그래서 would는 꿈과 평가, 정중한 질문에서 그렇게 자주 들립니다.

예문 더 보기:

If I knew her number, I'd call her. 그녀 번호를 알면 전화할 텐데.
If it wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often. 그렇게 비싸지 않으면 더 자주 갈 텐데.
I'd be happier if I didn't live so far from work. 직장에서 이렇게 멀리 살지 않으면 더 행복할 텐데.
Would you live abroad if you could? 할 수 있다면 외국에서 살겠어?

이렇게 말하지 않습니다. ✗ If I had more time, I will learn Italian → ✓ If I had more time, I'd learn Italian. 조건이 비현실이면 주절도 비현실입니다: will은 어울리지 않습니다.

확인해 보십시오. If I had a car, I'd drive to work는 무슨 뜻입니까: 차가 있습니까, 없습니까? '내가 너라면 걱정하지 않을 거야'는 영어로 어떻게 말합니까? 당첨될 가능성이 거의 없습니다 — If I ___ (win), I ___ (buy) a house를 어떻게 완성합니까?

정답 보기
차가 없습니다 — if 뒤의 과거형은 현실이 아닌 일을 말합니다; If I were you, I wouldn't worry (또는 I wouldn't worry if I were you); 2형: If I won, I'd buy a house.
광고

한국어 화자의 오류

사용자 언어로 작성됨
1

비현실 조건에 현재형

✗ If I have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

'시간이 더 있다면 배울 텐데'의 '있다면'은 현재형처럼 보여서 have를 그대로 두기 쉽습니다. 하지만 if 뒤의 현재형은 1형, 즉 실제로 가능한 조건이고, would와 함께 쓰지 않습니다.

2

거의 불가능한 일도 1형으로

What will you do if you win the lottery?는 틀린 말은 아니지만, 당첨이 꽤 있을 법한 일처럼 들립니다. 꿈같은 이야기라면 ✓ What would you do if you won the lottery? 한국어에서는 '복권에 당첨되면 뭐 할 거야?'처럼 꿈같은 일도 보통의 '-면'으로 말할 때가 많아서, 두 유형 가운데 고른다는 생각을 하기 어렵습니다.

3

'내가 너라면'을 그대로 옮김

✗ If I am you, I'll talk to him

✓ If I were you, I'd talk to him

'내가 너라면 그 사람과 얘기해 볼 거야'를 낱말대로 옮기면 am과 will이 나옵니다. 하지만 내가 상대가 될 수는 없으므로, 이것은 2형입니다: were + would.

4

If I was를 틀렸다고 여김

학교 문법은 '가정법 과거에서 be동사는 언제나 were'라고 가르칩니다. 그래서 If I was rich를 들으면 틀렸다고 생각하기 쉽지만, 대화에서는 흔하고 틀린 말이 아닙니다. 다만 충고의 공식은 ✓ If I were you이고, 글에서도 were가 더 안전합니다.

발음

4분

긍정문의 would는 /d/로 줄어듭니다: I'd learn /aɪd ˈlɜːn/. 귀로 들으면 I learn과 소리 하나만 다르므로, 가까이 있는 if와 과거형에 기대십시오: 그것들이 있으면 다음에 would가 온다는 신호입니다.

온전한 would는 /wʊd/로, good과 운이 맞고, 글자 l은 읽지 않습니다. 온전하게 강세를 받는 것은 짧은 대답에서입니다: Yes, I would. 의문문이나 명사 뒤에서 강세 없이 쓰일 때는 약한 /wəd/입니다: What would you do? /ˈwɒt wəd ju ˈduː/. wouldn't는 /ˈwʊdnt/로, /d/와 /n/ 사이에 모음을 넣지 않습니다 — '우든트'가 아닙니다.

If I were you의 were는 강세가 없습니다 — /wə/: /ɪf aɪ wə ˈjuː/. 강세는 you에 오고, 충고 끝에서 목소리를 내립니다: 그래야 다정하고 자신 있게 들립니다.

광고

본문

5분

This week we asked our readers: what would you do if you didn't have to work for a year?

Megan, a nurse from Cardiff: "I'd learn Italian properly. I'd find a small flat in Bologna, and I wouldn't speak a word of English for twelve months. If I lived there, I'd go to the market every morning and cook real Italian food. It would be a big adventure."

Dev, a taxi driver from Leeds: "Honestly? I'd sleep for a week first. Then I'd walk round the whole coast of Wales. It's about 870 miles, so if I walked twenty miles a day, I could finish it in about six weeks."

Lucy, a student from Belfast: "I wouldn't travel — everybody says that. I'd make my own computer game. I already have the idea. If I had more time, I'd finish it in a few months."

One reader sent us a different question: "My job is boring, but it's safe. Should I leave?" Our advice: if we were you, we wouldn't leave without a plan. We'd start an evening course first. If you enjoyed it, you could change jobs next year.

연습 문제

30분

1. 빈칸 채우기.

  1. If I (have) more time, I (learn) to play the piano
  2. If she (live) closer, we (see) each other more often
  3. What you (do) if you (win) the lottery?
  4. If I (be) you, I (not / buy) that car
  5. I (go) to the party if I (not / have) to work
  6. If we (know) her address, we (send) her a card
  7. He (be) healthier if he (not / smoke)
  8. If I (can) speak French, I (apply) for that job in Paris
정답 보기
had / would learn; lived / would see; would / do / won; were / wouldn't buy; would go / didn't have; knew / would send; would be / didn't smoke; could / would apply

2. 고르기.

  1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home. (충분히 가능함)
  2. If I (live) in London, I (go) to the theatre every week. (살지 않음)
  3. If you (hurry), you (catch) the bus. (탈 수 있음)
  4. If I (have) a garden, I (grow) vegetables. (정원이 없음)
  5. If she (call) tonight, I (tell) her the news. (아마 전화할 것임)
  6. If dogs (can) talk, they (tell) us a lot. (상상)
정답 보기
rains / will stay; lived / would go; hurry / will catch; had / would grow; calls / will tell; could / would tell

3. 오류 찾기.

  1. If I would have more money, I would travel.
  2. If I have more time, I would learn Italian.
  3. If I am you, I would talk to the manager.
  4. If she knew the answer, she will tell us.
  5. What you would do if you won the lottery?
  6. If I were you, I would to call him.
정답 보기
If I had more money, I would travel / If I had more money, I'd travel; If I had more time, I would learn Italian / If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I have more time, I will learn Italian; If I were you, I would talk to the manager / If I were you, I'd talk to the manager / If I was you, I would talk to the manager / If I was you, I'd talk to the manager; If she knew the answer, she would tell us / If she knew the answer, she'd tell us / If she knows the answer, she will tell us; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I were you, I would call him / If I were you, I'd call him

4. If로 시작해서 비현실 조건으로 다시 쓰기:

  1. I don't have a car, so I don't drive to work.
  2. She doesn't speak Spanish, so she can't work in Madrid.
  3. We live in the city, so we don't have a garden.
  4. I'm not rich, so I can't buy a house by the sea.
  5. He works at weekends, so he can't come to the match.
  6. I don't know her number, so I can't call her.
정답 보기
If I had a car, I would drive to work / If I had a car, I'd drive to work / If I had a car, I could drive to work; If she spoke Spanish, she could work in Madrid; If we didn't live in the city, we would have a garden / If we didn't live in the city, we'd have a garden; If I were rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I would buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I'd buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I'd buy a house by the sea; If he didn't work at weekends, he could come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he would come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he'd come to the match; If I knew her number, I could call her / If I knew her number, I would call her / If I knew her number, I'd call her

5. 힌트를 충고로 펼치기.

  1. I'm always tired. (go to bed earlier)
  2. My laptop is very slow. (buy a new one)
  3. I've got toothache. (see a dentist)
  4. My flat is too expensive. (look for a cheaper one)
  5. I'm thinking of leaving my job. (not / leave without a new one)
정답 보기
If I were you, I'd go to bed earlier / If I were you, I would go to bed earlier; If I were you, I'd buy a new one / If I were you, I would buy a new one; If I were you, I'd see a dentist / If I were you, I would see a dentist; If I were you, I'd look for a cheaper one / If I were you, I would look for a cheaper one; If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new one / If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new job

6. 완전한 문장으로 대답하기.

자기 이야기로 대답하십시오. 아래 정답은 예시입니다. 1) What would you do if you won a million pounds? 2) Where would you live if you could choose any city in the world? 3) What would you change in your life if you had more free time?

정답 보기
I'd buy a house for my parents and travel round the world; I'd live in Lisbon — it's warm, and the food is great; I'd do more sport, and I'd read more

7. 영어로 옮기기.

1) 시간이 더 있다면 이탈리아어를 배울 텐데. 2) 내가 너라면 네 상사와 얘기해 보겠어. 3) 복권에 당첨된다면 뭘 하겠어? 4) 바닷가에 산다면 매일 수영할 텐데. 5) 그녀의 주소를 안다면 편지를 쓸 텐데.

정답 보기
If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I had more time, I would learn Italian; If I were you, I'd talk to your manager / If I were you, I'd talk to your boss; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day / If I lived by the sea, I would swim every day; If I knew her address, I'd write to her / If I knew her address, I would write to her
광고

정리

이번 과에서 다룬 내용

  • 모든 형태의 2형 조건문
  • would 대신 쓰는 could
  • 현실과의 거리를 나타내는 과거형
  • 1형과 2형 가운데 고르기
  • 모든 인칭의 were
  • If I were you로 하는 충고

다음은 9과: 아쉬움과 바람.

핵심 종료

연습을 마치면 수업이 완료됩니다. 이후 내용은 선택 사항입니다.

수업 81

선택

단어 카드

단어 15개
  • reader /ˈriːdə/ 독자
  • nurse /nɜːs/ 간호사
  • properly /ˈprɒpəli/ 제대로
  • market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ 시장
  • adventure /ədˈventʃə/ 모험
  • honestly /ˈɒnɪstli/ 솔직히
  • mile /maɪl/ 마일
  • boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ 지루한
  • safe /seɪf/ 안정적인, 안전한
  • advice /ədˈvaɪs/ 조언, 충고
  • evening course /ˈiːvnɪŋ kɔːs/ 야간 강좌
  • lottery /ˈlɒtəri/ 복권
  • win /wɪn/ 이기다, 당첨되다
  • toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ 치통
  • apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ ~에 지원하다

쓰기

대여섯 문장을 쓰십시오: 1년 동안 일하지 않아도 된다면 무엇을 하겠는지, 그리고 If I were you로 친구에게 하는 충고 하나.

예시

If I didn't have to work for a year, I'd travel round South America. I'd learn Spanish on the way, and I'd write a blog about the trip. If I had enough money, I'd also buy a good camera. My friend Tom wants to leave his job, but he hasn't found a new one yet. I said to him: "If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a plan."

체크리스트

임시 저장은 이 기기에 저장됩니다
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