Gramatika ~54 min jezgre preostalo

Pomaštati

Nakon ove lekcije možete

Mogu govoriti o nestvarnom ili malo vjerojatnom i dati savjet s „na tvom mjestu“.

Započni lekciju Jezgra 54 min · koraci: 6 · neobavezno: +2

Navedeno vrijeme jezgre. Dva bloka jezgre nemaju brojku, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbroja.

Gramatika

15 min

U A2 #27 uvjet je bio stvaran: If it rains, I'll stay at home — kiša je sasvim moguća. Ali često govorimo o onome čega nema: „da imam vremena“, „kad bih živio na moru“. Za to postoji drugi kondicional.

Oblik: if + prošlo vrijeme, u glavnom dijelu would + osnovni oblik.

izjavna rečenica If I had more time, I'd learn Italian.
niječnica If I didn't have to work, I wouldn't get up at six.
pitanje What would you do if you won the lottery?
kratki odgovor Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.

'd je skraćeno od would, isto kao u I'd like (A2 #17). Dijelovi mogu zamijeniti mjesta: I'd learn Italian if I had more time. Zarez je potreban samo kad dio s if stoji prvi. Umjesto would može stajati could — „mogao bih“: If I had a car, I could drive to work.

Prošlo vrijeme ovdje ne znači prošlost. If I had more time govori o današnjem danu. Prošli oblik udaljava događaj od stvarnosti — isto kao u uljudnom Could you…? (A2 #17). I u hrvatskom kondicionalu „kad bih imao vremena“ stoji „imao“, oblik iz prošlog vremena („imao sam“), iako je riječ o sadašnjosti.

Kada se upotrebljava.

O onome čega sada nema: If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day. Ne živim na moru.

O budućnosti koja je malo vjerojatna ili izmišljena: What would you do if you won a million pounds? Dobitak je gotovo nemoguć, zato — drugi kondicional.

Za savjet: If I were you, I'd… — o tome niže.

Usporedi prvi i drugi kondicional. Razlika nije u „ako“, nego u tome koliko govornik vjeruje u uvjet:

If I get the job, I'll move to Bristol. Šansa je stvarna: razgovor za posao prošao je dobro.
If I got the job, I'd move to Bristol. Šansa je mala: gotovo se ne nadam.

Situacija je ista, a izbor kondicionala govori kako je ocjenjuješ.

were za sva lica. Iza if glagol be ima poseban oblik — were čak i uz I, he, she: If I were rich…, If she were here… U razgovoru se često kaže i If I was rich — i to je točno, samo jednostavnije i manje knjiški.

Savjet: If I were you, I'd… — „na tvom mjestu ja bih…“. Ovdje izvorni govornici gotovo uvijek kažu were: If I were you, I'd talk to your manager. I wouldn't buy that car if I were you. Takav je savjet blaži od You should… (A2 #11): ne poučavaš čovjeka, nego se stavljaš na njegovo mjesto. Često se prvi dio izostavlja: I'd talk to your manager — „na tvom mjestu“ je ionako jasno.

would bez if. Glavni dio živi i sam kad je uvjet jasan iz razgovora ili ga uopće nema: It would be nice to have a garden. — „Bilo bi lijepo imati vrt.“ I'd never do that. — „Ja to nikad ne bih učinio.“ Which city would you like to live in? To je ista nestvarnost, samo „kad bi“ nije izgovoreno. Zato se would tako često čuje u maštanjima, procjenama i uljudnim pitanjima.

Još primjera:

If I knew her number, I'd call her. Da znam njezin broj, nazvao bih je.
If it wasn't so expensive, we'd go more often. Da nije tako skupo, išli bismo češće.
I'd be happier if I didn't live so far from work. Bio bih sretniji da ne živim tako daleko od posla.
Would you live abroad if you could? Bi li živio u inozemstvu da možeš?

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ If I had more time, I will learn Italian → ✓ If I had more time, I'd learn Italian. Ako je uvjet nestvaran, nestvaran je i glavni dio: will mu ne odgovara.

Provjeri se. Što znači If I had a car, I'd drive to work: ima li auto ili nema? Kako reći „na tvom mjestu ne bih se brinuo“? Šansa za dobitak gotovo je nikakva — kako završiti If I ___ (win), I ___ (buy) a house?

prikaži odgovore
auta nema — prošlo vrijeme iza if govori o nestvarnom; If I were you, I wouldn't worry (ili I wouldn't worry if I were you); drugi kondicional: If I won, I'd buy a house.
Oglas

Pogreške izvornih govornika hrvatskoga

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

would u oba dijela

✗ If I would have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

Hrvatski kondicional stoji u oba dijela — „kad bih imao više vremena, učio bih talijanski“ — pa se would stavlja i iza if. U engleskom would stoji samo u glavnom dijelu; iza if njegovu ulogu ima prošlo vrijeme. I „kad“ se tu prevodi s if, a ne s when.

2

Sadašnje vrijeme iza if

✗ If I have more time, I would learn Italian

✓ If I had more time, I would learn Italian

Hrvatski nestvaran uvjet često izriče s „da“ i prezentom — „da imam više vremena“, „da živim na moru“ — i taj se prezent prenosi doslovno. Ali sadašnje vrijeme iza if pripada prvom, stvarnom kondicionalu, i s would se ne slaže.

3

„Na tvom mjestu“ doslovno

✗ On your place I would talk to him

✓ If I were you, I'd talk to him

Hrvatski izraz lako je prevesti riječ po riječ, ali on your place se na engleskom ne kaže. Postoji in your position, ali uobičajena formula savjeta je If I were you.

Izgovor

4 min

would se u izjavnoj rečenici sažima u /d/: I'd learn /aɪd ˈlɜːn/. Na sluh ga od I learn razlikuje jedan glas, zato se oslanjaj na if i prošlo vrijeme u blizini: oni najavljuju da slijedi would.

Puni would je /wʊd/, rimuje se s good, slovo l se ne čita. Pun i naglašen bude u kratkom odgovoru: Yes, I would. U pitanju i iza imenice, bez naglaska, slab je — /wəd/: What would you do? /ˈwɒt wəd ju ˈduː/. wouldn't je /ˈwʊdnt/, bez samoglasnika između /d/ i /n/.

were u If I were you je nenaglašen — /wə/: /ɪf aɪ wə ˈjuː/. Naglasak pada na you, a na kraju savjeta glas pada: tako zvuči prijateljski i sigurno.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

This week we asked our readers: what would you do if you didn't have to work for a year?

Megan, a nurse from Cardiff: "I'd learn Italian properly. I'd find a small flat in Bologna, and I wouldn't speak a word of English for twelve months. If I lived there, I'd go to the market every morning and cook real Italian food. It would be a big adventure."

Dev, a taxi driver from Leeds: "Honestly? I'd sleep for a week first. Then I'd walk round the whole coast of Wales. It's about 870 miles, so if I walked twenty miles a day, I could finish it in about six weeks."

Lucy, a student from Belfast: "I wouldn't travel — everybody says that. I'd make my own computer game. I already have the idea. If I had more time, I'd finish it in a few months."

One reader sent us a different question: "My job is boring, but it's safe. Should I leave?" Our advice: if we were you, we wouldn't leave without a plan. We'd start an evening course first. If you enjoyed it, you could change jobs next year.

Čitanje naglas

Vježbe

30 min

1. Dopunjavanje.

  1. If I (have) more time, I (learn) to play the piano
  2. If she (live) closer, we (see) each other more often
  3. What you (do) if you (win) the lottery?
  4. If I (be) you, I (not / buy) that car
  5. I (go) to the party if I (not / have) to work
  6. If we (know) her address, we (send) her a card
  7. He (be) healthier if he (not / smoke)
  8. If I (can) speak French, I (apply) for that job in Paris
Prikaži odgovore
had / would learn; lived / would see; would / do / won; were / wouldn't buy; would go / didn't have; knew / would send; would be / didn't smoke; could / would apply

2. Odabir.

  1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home. (sasvim moguće)
  2. If I (live) in London, I (go) to the theatre every week. (ne živim ondje)
  3. If you (hurry), you (catch) the bus. (može se stići)
  4. If I (have) a garden, I (grow) vegetables. (vrta nema)
  5. If she (call) tonight, I (tell) her the news. (vjerojatno će nazvati)
  6. If dogs (can) talk, they (tell) us a lot. (mašta)
Prikaži odgovore
rains / will stay; lived / would go; hurry / will catch; had / would grow; calls / will tell; could / would tell

3. Pronalaženje pogreške.

  1. If I would have more money, I would travel.
  2. If I have more time, I would learn Italian.
  3. On your place I would talk to the manager.
  4. If she knew the answer, she will tell us.
  5. What you would do if you won the lottery?
  6. If I were you, I would to call him.
Prikaži odgovore
If I had more money, I would travel / If I had more money, I'd travel; If I had more time, I would learn Italian / If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I have more time, I will learn Italian; If I were you, I would talk to the manager / If I were you, I'd talk to the manager / If I was you, I would talk to the manager / If I was you, I'd talk to the manager; If she knew the answer, she would tell us / If she knew the answer, she'd tell us / If she knows the answer, she will tell us; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I were you, I would call him / If I were you, I'd call him

4. Prepiši kao nestvaran uvjet,

  1. I don't have a car, so I don't drive to work.
  2. She doesn't speak Spanish, so she can't work in Madrid.
  3. We live in the city, so we don't have a garden.
  4. I'm not rich, so I can't buy a house by the sea.
  5. He works at weekends, so he can't come to the match.
  6. I don't know her number, so I can't call her.
Prikaži odgovore
If I had a car, I would drive to work / If I had a car, I'd drive to work / If I had a car, I could drive to work; If she spoke Spanish, she could work in Madrid; If we didn't live in the city, we would have a garden / If we didn't live in the city, we'd have a garden; If I were rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I could buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I would buy a house by the sea / If I were rich, I'd buy a house by the sea / If I was rich, I'd buy a house by the sea; If he didn't work at weekends, he could come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he would come to the match / If he didn't work at weekends, he'd come to the match; If I knew her number, I could call her / If I knew her number, I would call her / If I knew her number, I'd call her

5. Razvij natuknicu u savjet

  1. I'm always tired. (go to bed earlier)
  2. My laptop is very slow. (buy a new one)
  3. I've got toothache. (see a dentist)
  4. My flat is too expensive. (look for a cheaper one)
  5. I'm thinking of leaving my job. (not / leave without a new one)
Prikaži odgovore
If I were you, I'd go to bed earlier / If I were you, I would go to bed earlier; If I were you, I'd buy a new one / If I were you, I would buy a new one; If I were you, I'd see a dentist / If I were you, I would see a dentist; If I were you, I'd look for a cheaper one / If I were you, I would look for a cheaper one; If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new one / If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a new job

6. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Rješenja ispod su uzorak. 1) What would you do if you won a million pounds? 2) Where would you live if you could choose any city in the world? 3) What would you change in your life if you had more free time?

Prikaži odgovore
I'd buy a house for my parents and travel round the world; I'd live in Lisbon — it's warm, and the food is great; I'd do more sport, and I'd read more

7. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Kad bih imao više vremena, učio bih talijanski. 2) Na tvom mjestu razgovarao bih sa šefom. 3) Što bi učinio kad bi dobio na lutriji? 4) Da živim na moru, plivao bih svaki dan. 5) Da znam njezinu adresu, napisao bih joj.

Prikaži odgovore
If I had more time, I'd learn Italian / If I had more time, I would learn Italian; If I were you, I'd talk to your manager / If I were you, I'd talk to your boss; What would you do if you won the lottery?; If I lived by the sea, I'd swim every day / If I lived by the sea, I would swim every day; If I knew her address, I'd write to her / If I knew her address, I would write to her
Oglas

Sažetak

Obrađeno

  • drugi kondicional u svim oblicima
  • could umjesto would
  • prošlo vrijeme kao udaljavanje od stvarnosti
  • izbor između prvog i drugog kondicionala
  • were za sva lica
  • savjet s If I were you

Slijedi lekcija 9: žaljenje i želja.

Kraj jezgre

Lekcija se računa kao završena nakon vježbi. Sve nakon toga je neobavezno.

Lekcija 81

neobavezno

Riječi za kartice

15 riječi
  • reader /ˈriːdə/ čitatelj
  • nurse /nɜːs/ medicinska sestra, medicinski tehničar
  • properly /ˈprɒpəli/ kako treba, temeljito
  • market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ tržnica
  • adventure /ədˈventʃə/ pustolovina, avantura
  • honestly /ˈɒnɪstli/ iskreno rečeno
  • mile /maɪl/ milja
  • boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ dosadan
  • safe /seɪf/ siguran
  • advice /ədˈvaɪs/ savjet
  • evening course /ˈiːvnɪŋ kɔːs/ večernji tečaj
  • lottery /ˈlɒtəri/ lutrija
  • win /wɪn/ dobiti, pobijediti
  • toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ zubobolja
  • apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ prijaviti se za

Pisanje

Pet-šest rečenica: što bi radio kad ne bi morao raditi godinu dana, i jedan savjet prijatelju s If I were you.

Uzorak

If I didn't have to work for a year, I'd travel round South America. I'd learn Spanish on the way, and I'd write a blog about the trip. If I had enough money, I'd also buy a good camera. My friend Tom wants to leave his job, but he hasn't found a new one yet. I said to him: "If I were you, I wouldn't leave without a plan."

Kontrolna lista

Skica je spremljena na ovom uređaju
Oglas

Vježbajte ovu lekciju u drugim odjeljcima

Diktatna temelju ove lekcije Zapišite što čujete. Provjera pokazuje svaku riječ koja se razlikuje i kako. Pišite diktat Čitanje naglasna temelju ove lekcije Pročitajte tekst lekcije naglas — prepoznavanje govora označit će riječi koje nije uhvatilo. Čitajte tekst naglas Čitanje i slušanjeA1–C1 Tekstovi na svakoj razini s pitanjima za razumijevanje; transkript se otvara nakon odgovora. Probajte

Imate ideju za novu značajku?

Pošalji ideju
Oglas
Oglas