说清楚具体怎么做
能准确地描述一个动作：怎样做，做到什么程度，和谁相比。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
16 分钟在 A2 第15课，副词回答的是“怎样？”：slowly，carefully，well，hard。现在要再说清楚三点：到什么程度（quite well，extremely carefully），和谁相比（more carefully than my brother），以及副词放在句子的什么位置。
程度副词——“到什么程度”。 它们放在形容词或者另一个副词前面，表示特征有多强：
| 强度 | 词 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 一点儿 | a bit, slightly | I'm a bit tired. The soup is slightly salty. |
| 适度 | fairly, quite, rather, pretty | The test was fairly easy. |
| 很强 | very, really, extremely | She speaks extremely well. |
| 完全 | completely, totally, absolutely | You're absolutely right. |
a bit 是口语，几乎总是说不太好的事：a bit cold，a bit expensive，a bit late。这和汉语的“有点儿” 很像：“有点儿冷”“有点儿贵”很自然，说好的事一般不这样说。不说“a bit good”，而说 quite good。
英式英语里的 quite 要特别注意。和普通的形容词——good，big，tired，interesting——连用时，它的意思是“还算，比较”，常常比期待的还差一点：The film was quite good——“电影还不错”，但谈不上喜欢得不得了。和本身已经是“百分之百”的形容词——right，sure，true，impossible——连用时，quite 的意思是“完全”： You're quite right——“您说得完全对”。I'm not quite sure——“我不太确定”。在美式英语里，quite good 听起来更热情，差不多是“非常好”。
rather 也是“相当”，但带着“超出了希望”或者“超出了预期”的意味：It's rather cold today. The exam was rather difficult. 和表示好的词连用时，rather 表示惊喜：The food was rather good——“饭菜倒是挺好吃的”。
fairly 是最平和、最弱的“比较”：I know him fairly well. pretty 是口语里的“挺”：It's pretty expensive. 别把它和形容词 pretty——“漂亮的”——弄混。
completely 和 totally 最常放在动词前面：I completely forgot.——“我完全忘了。” 而 very 不能修饰动词：动词前用 really，宾语后用 very much：I really like this city， I like this city very much。
副词的比较级。 副词的比较和形容词一样（A2 第7课）。以 -ly 结尾的长副词用 more 和 most，短副词加词尾：
| 副词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| carefully | more carefully | most carefully |
| quickly | more quickly | most quickly |
| fast | faster | fastest |
| hard | harder | hardest |
| early | earlier | earliest |
| late | later | latest |
| well | better | best |
| badly | worse | worst |
| far | further | furthest |
不带 -ly 的短副词——fast，hard，late，early，soon——像形容词一样加 -er。early 虽然以 -ly 结尾，但这不是后缀，而是词本身的一部分，所以是 earlier。well 和 badly 不规则——和 good、 bad 一样。
比较的对象用 than 引出：She drives more carefully than her brother. 汉语用“比”把比较的对象放在前面—— “她开车比她哥哥小心”，英语的顺序是：动作 + 比较级 + than + 比较的对象。相等和不相等用 as … as 和 not as … as，和形容词一样：He doesn't speak French as well as his wife.
在 than 和 as 后面，口语里用 me、him、her：She sings better than me. 稍微讲究一点的说法带上动词：than I do，as he does。两种说法都对。
口语里常常听到 Can you speak slower? 或者 Come quicker!——用短形式代替 more slowly、more quickly。这样说也可以，但在书面语和比较讲究的场合，还是用 more slowly。
副词的位置。 副词在句子里有三个位置，位置不同，语气也不同：
| 位置 | 放什么 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 句末 | 怎样、在哪儿、什么时候 | He opened the door slowly. |
| 句中 | 频率、already、just、really、almost | I really like it. She's already left. |
| 句首 | 时间、说话人的评价 | Luckily, nobody was hurt. |
句末的几个副词按“怎样—在哪儿—什么时候”的顺序排列：She sang beautifully at the concert last night. 这和汉语的习惯不同：汉语把时间和地点放在动词前面——“她昨晚在音乐会上唱得很好”。方式副词也可以放在句中、动词前面：He slowly opened the door——这样听起来更有书面色彩。表示评价的词放在句首：Luckily， Unfortunately，Surprisingly，Honestly——“幸好”“可惜”“没想到”“说实话”。书面语里它们后面加逗号。
最重要的禁令从 A1 第7课和 A2 第15课起就没有变：动词和宾语之间不能放副词。要说 She speaks German well，而不是 ✗ She speaks well German。
比较一下这几对，两个字母就改变了意思：
| She works hard. | 她工作很努力。 |
| She hardly works. | 她几乎不工作（第12课）。 |
| The train arrived late. | 火车来晚了。 |
| I haven't seen him lately. | 我最近没见过他。 |
hardly 和 lately 不是由 hard 和 late 变来的副词，而是意思不同的另外两个词。
更多例子：
| Could you speak more slowly, please? | 请您说慢一点，好吗？ |
| He drives more carefully than I do. | 他开车比我小心。 |
| Who works the hardest in your team? | 你们团队里谁工作最努力？ |
| I don't swim as well as my sister. | 我游泳不如我姐姐。 |
| The hotel was quite good, but the food was rather disappointing. | 酒店还不错，饭菜却让人有点儿失望。 |
| Unfortunately, the museum was closed. | 可惜博物馆关门了。 |
不能这样说。 ✗ The water wasn't enough warm → ✓ The water wasn't warm enough。enough 放在形容词和副词的后面（A2 第13课）：fast enough，well enough。汉语的“够”放在前面——“不够暖和”，英语正好相反。
自我检测。 “请您说慢一点”怎么说？英式英语里 The hotel was quite good 是什么意思？She speaks German 这句话里，well 放在哪儿？
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中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写very 放在动词前面。
✗ I very like this city
✓ I really like this city / I like this city very much
。汉语的“很”“非常”能直接放在动词前面：“很喜欢”。very 只能修饰形容词和副词：very good，very well。修饰动词要在动词前面用 really，或者在宾语后面用 very much。
时间和地点放在动词前面。
✗ She last night at the concert sang beautifully
✓ She sang beautifully at the concert last night
。汉语说“她昨晚在音乐会上唱得很好”，时间和地点都在动词前面。英语把它们放到句末，按“怎样—在哪儿—什么时候”排列。
more 加 -er。
✗ more better，✗ more faster → ✓ better，faster。汉语说“更好”“更快”， more 就像“更”，于是被加在已经是比较级的词前面。英语只用一种办法：要么加词尾，要么用 more。
把 hard 说成 hardly。
✗ He works hardly
✓ He works hard
。“努力地工作”里有“地”，很容易给 hard 也加上 -ly。可是 hardly 的意思是“几乎不”（第12课），句子的意思就反了。
发音
4 分钟quite 和 quiet 是两个不同的词： quite /kwaɪt/——一个音节，“相当”；quiet /ˈkwaɪət/——两个音节，“安静的”。
quite good 的重音不同，意思也不同。 如果声音落在 quite 上——It was QUITE good——意思是“还行，没什么特别的”。如果落在形容词上——It was quite GOOD——就是夸奖：“挺好的”。
more carefully 的重音在副词上： /mɔː ˈkeəfəli/。more 不重读，than 也不重读：/ðən/。
rather 读 /ˈrɑːðə/，长音 /ɑː/，和 father 里的一样。extremely 读 /ɪkˈstriːmli/，重音在第二个音节。
课文
5 分钟My sister Lucy and I took our driving tests in the same month, and the results surprised everyone.
Lucy usually learns things faster than I do. She had lessons twice a week and was driving quite well after a month. I was slower. I drove very carefully — too carefully, my instructor said. "You don't have to stop completely at every corner," he told me. "Just drive confidently."
On the day of the test I was extremely nervous, but luckily the examiner was friendly and the roads were fairly quiet. I made one small mistake: I parked rather badly outside the post office. Still, I passed.
Lucy did worse. She was driving too fast on a wet road and didn't see a cyclist in time. She stopped suddenly, and nobody was hurt, but she failed. Unfortunately, she had to wait six weeks for the next test.
The second time, she passed easily. Now she drives better than I do, honestly — more smoothly, more confidently and more often. But she still says that I park more carefully than anyone she knows. And that's quite true.
练习
30 分钟1. 写出比较级。
- Could you speak (slowly), please?
- My sister sings (well) than I do
- He runs (fast) than anyone in his class
- I did (badly) in the second test than in the first
- We got up (early) than usual
- Please drive (carefully) — the roads are wet
- Which of you two lives (far) from the office?
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2. 填入
- I'm tired, but I can carry on.（一点儿）
- The film was good — not great, but fine.（适度）
- I forgot about the meeting.（完全）
- She speaks Japanese well — better than anyone I know.（极其）
- The exam was difficult — harder than we'd expected.（超出预期）
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3. 词序。
- English / he / well / speaks
- the door / opened / slowly / she
- really / I / this city / like
- nobody / luckily / was hurt
- she / at the concert / sang / last night / beautifully
- didn't / fast / he / enough / run
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4. 找出错误并改正。
- He speaks very well English.
- I very like Italian food.
- She drives more better than me.
- Could you speak slowlier, please?
- He works hardly — he's always the last to leave.
- The water wasn't enough warm for swimming.
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5. 把两个句子合成一句
- Tom drives carefully. His brother drives less carefully. (than)
- Anna speaks French well. Her sister speaks it equally well. (as … as)
- I type fast. My colleague types faster. (not as … as)
- Kate arrived at nine. Mark arrived at ten. (than)
- I swim badly. My son swims well. (than)
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6. 译成英语。
1) 请您说大声一点，好吗？ 2) 他开车开得比我好。 3) 可惜，我把那个会完全忘了。 4) 我非常喜欢这座城市。 5) 考试挺难的，可是我通过了。
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7. 用完整的句子回答
——说说你自己。下面的答案是范例。 1) Who in your family drives the most carefully? 2) What can you do better now than five years ago? 3) What do you do really well?
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小结
本课已学：从 a bit 到 completely 的程度副词，英式的 quite 和 rather，副词的比较级和最高级，than 和 as … as，副词的三个位置和“怎样—在哪儿—什么时候”的顺序，hard 和 hardly，late 和 lately。下一课——第29课：通过构词猜出生词的意思。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
16 词- quite /kwaɪt/ 相当，还算
- rather /ˈrɑːðə/ 相当（常指超出预期）
- fairly /ˈfeəli/ 比较，还算
- slightly /ˈslaɪtli/ 稍微，略微
- extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ 极其，非常
- completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ 完全
- confidently /ˈkɒnfɪdəntli/ 自信地
- luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ 幸好，幸运的是
- unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ 可惜，遗憾的是
- suddenly /ˈsʌdnli/ 突然
- smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ 平稳地，顺利地
- driving test /ˈdraɪvɪŋ test/ 驾照考试
- instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktə/ 教练
- examiner /ɪɡˈzæmɪnə/ 考官
- cyclist /ˈsaɪklɪst/ 骑自行车的人
- in time /ɪn ˈtaɪm/ 及时，来得及
写作
写六个句子，说说你学过的一样本领：游泳、开车、弹一种乐器、说一种外语。你学得怎么样，和谁相比，现在做得怎么样。至少用两个程度副词，一个带 than 的比较，一个带 as … as 的比较。
范例： I learnt to swim quite late, at the age of twelve. My younger brother learnt faster than I did, and he still swims better than me. At first I swam very slowly and rather badly. Luckily, our teacher was extremely patient. Now I swim fairly well, but I don't swim as fast as my brother. Honestly, I don't mind.
检查清单：副词没有放在动词和宾语之间吧？长副词用的是 more 吗？没有 more better 吧？very 修饰的是形容词，修饰动词用的是 really 吗？