说口语化的英语
能理解和使用短语动词，不必把它们拆开来逐个分析。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
16 分钟在 A2 第22课你已经知道什么是短语动词：动词加上一个小词（on，up，off，out……），两者合起来表示一个新的意思——turn on“打开”，hang up“挂断电话”。那一课还讲了语序的主要规则：代词放在中间—— Turn it on。现在来看不同的短语动词各有什么表现，为什么“放在中间”的规则不是对所有短语动词都适用，以及为什么不用短语动词，英语口语听起来就像一封公文。
第一类：可分的。宾语可以放在中间，也可以放在后面。
| Turn on the light. = Turn the light on. | 名词——放哪儿都行 |
| Turn it on. | 代词——只能放在中间 |
| Fill in the form that I sent you yesterday. | 长宾语——放在后面 |
属于这一类的有 turn on / turn off，put on（穿上），take off（脱下），pick up（捡起；接人）， fill in（填写），throw away（扔掉），give back（归还），look up（在词典或网上查），put off （推迟），turn down（拒绝；调小声音）。
第二类：不可分的。宾语总是放在后面，代词也一样。
| Who's going to look after the children? | ✗ look the children after |
| Who's going to look after them? | ✗ look them after |
| I ran into an old friend yesterday. | 偶然遇到 |
| She's dealing with the problem. | 正在处理这个问题 |
属于这一类的还有 look for（寻找），get on / get off（上车，下车），look into（调查，弄清楚）， come across（偶然发现）。“代词放在中间”的规则对它们不适用：这里的小词起介词的作用，放在宾语前面。
第三类：不带宾语。动词后面什么也不用接。
| The car broke down. | 坏了，抛锚了 |
| I grew up in a small town. | 长大 |
| He turned up an hour late. | 出现了，来了 |
| We set off at six. | 出发，上路 |
| Students don't earn much, but they get by. | 勉强过得去，凑合着过 |
第四类：三个部分的。一个动词加两个小词，三部分总是在一起，总是放在宾语前面。
| I'm looking forward to the holidays. | 盼望，期待 |
| I can't put up with the noise. | 忍受，容忍 |
| We've run out of milk. | 用完了，没有了 |
| I get on with my colleagues. | 和……相处得好 |
| She came up with a great idea. | 想出了 |
look forward to + -ing。 这里的 to 是介词，和 be used to（第33课）里一样，所以后面接 -ing 形式或者名词：I'm looking forward to seeing you.——“我很期待见到你。”不说 ✗ to see you。这是书信中固定的结尾：I look forward to hearing from you.
怎么知道是哪一类。 从意思上猜不出来——类型要查词典。词典里通常这样写：turn something on（宾语的位置在中间——可分的），look after somebody（宾语在后面——不可分的），break down（不带宾语）。学短语动词时，连同这个格式一起记，不要只记光秃秃的两个词。
一个动词，几个意思，类型也不同。 这很正常，而且类型常常随着意思一起变：
| Take off your shoes. — Take them off. | 脱下（第一类） |
| The plane took off at ten. | 起飞（第三类） |
| I'll pick you up at seven. | 开车去接你（第一类） |
| Could you turn the music up? | 把声音调大（第一类） |
| Nobody turned up. | 谁也没来（第三类） |
口语动词和它的书面对应词。 很多短语动词都有一个意思相同的单个词。单个词听起来更正式——公文和新闻里这样写。在日常谈话中，英国人几乎总是选短语动词：
| 口语 | 正式文体 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| find out | discover | 得知，发现 |
| put off | postpone | 推迟 |
| turn down | refuse, reject | 拒绝 |
| go on | continue | 继续 |
| come back | return | 回来 |
| look into | investigate | 调查，弄清楚 |
在酒吧里说 We have postponed the party——语法没错，可听起来像在发通知。We've put off the party——朋友之间这样说。
更多例子：
| Can you look up his number? | 你（在网上）查一下他的号码吧。 |
| I threw the old newspapers away. | 我把旧报纸扔了。 |
| The meeting has been put off until Friday. | 会议推迟到星期五了。 |
| How did you find out? | 你是怎么知道的？ |
不能这样说。 ✗ I'm looking for it forward——三个部分的短语动词不能拆开：✓ I'm looking forward to it。
自我检测。 把 Switch off the TV. 里的 the TV 换成代词。再把 Can you look after the dog? 里的 the dog 换成代词。“我很期待我们见面”怎么说？
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中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写代词放在可分动词的后面。
✗ Turn on it，✗ I'll pick up you at seven → ✓ Turn it on， ✓ I'll pick you up at seven。turn on 被当成一个词来记——“打开”，而“打开它”“接你”里宾语就跟在动词后面。这是这个话题里最顽固的错误，A2 第22课就提醒过。
代词放进不可分动词的中间。
✗ Who will look the children after?，✗ look them after → ✓ look after them。这是第一个错误的反面：记住了“代词放中间”，就把它用到所有短语动词上。
look forward to + 动词原形。
✗ I'm looking forward to see you
✓ I'm looking forward to seeing you
。中学里“to + 动词原形”练得最多，“期待见到你”里的动词也不变形，于是 to 后面就接了原形。可这里的 to 是介词，和 be used to 一样，后面用 -ing。
漏掉最后一个小词。
✗ I can't put up the noise → ✓ I can't put up with the noise； ✗ We've run out milk → ✓ We've run out of milk。“忍受噪音”“用完了牛奶”都是动词直接带宾语， with、of 就显得多余。可没有它们，意思就变了：put up 是“挂起来”“举起来”。
说话像写公文。
We have postponed the party，I discovered the truth 不算错，可是在聊天时听起来很生硬。单词表里背的多半是单个词，短语动词却要靠听。和朋友说话时，选 put off，find out。
发音
4 分钟重音落在小词上，而不是动词上：
Turn it off. I grew up in Leeds. He turned up late. The car broke down.
三个部分的短语动词，重音落在两个小词中的第一个上：put up with 落在 up 上，run out of 落在 out 上，get on with 落在 on 上。look forward to 落在 for 上：/lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tə/。
这是短语动词和“动词 + 介词”的区别： I looked at the picture 里重音在实义动词 looked 上，at 不重读。而在 Look out!——“小心！”——里重音落在 out 上，因为这是短语动词。
连读。 动词末尾的辅音和后面小词或代词开头的元音连在一起：turn it on 听起来像 /tɜːnɪˈtɒn/， pick it up 像 /pɪkɪˈtʌp/，fill it in 像 /fɪlɪˈtɪn/。各部分之间不要停顿：短语动词要像一个词那样读。
课文
5 分钟Last Monday our washing machine broke down in the middle of a wash. There was water everywhere, so I turned the machine off at the wall and looked up a repair service online. I filled in a form on their website, and they promised to send someone on Wednesday.
On Wednesday I waited all morning, but nobody turned up. I rang them, and a very polite woman said she would look into it. In the end the engineer came on Thursday. He found out what was wrong in five minutes, dealt with it in half an hour, and I paid him on the spot.
The washing machine isn't our only problem. We get on well with most of our neighbours, but I can't put up with the music from the flat above any longer. They turn it up every night at eleven. Last week I ran into the owner on the stairs and asked him to turn it down. He said he would, but nothing has changed.
So we've decided to move. Our contract runs out in September, and we've already found a little house near the park. I'm really looking forward to moving out — and to buying a new washing machine.
练习
32 分钟1. 替换：
- Turn off the TV.
- Can you pick up the children at four?
- I'll look after your cat.
- Please fill in this form.
- I ran into Mark yesterday.
- Don't throw away those letters.
- She's dealing with the problem.
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2. 填入
- The car broke on the motorway
- We've run milk. Can you buy some?
- I'm looking forward seeing you
- I can't put up his jokes any longer
- He turned an hour late, as usual
- Could you turn the music ? It's too loud
- I grew in a small town near Bristol
- Who's going to look the dog while we're away?
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3. 配对。
- put off
- turn down
- find out
- come up with
- get on with
- run into
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4. 改得更口语化：
- We've postponed the meeting until Friday. (put off)
- She refused the job offer. (turn down)
- Please continue. (go on)
- I discovered the truth last week. (find out)
- When will you return? (come back)
- The police are investigating the accident. (look into)
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5. 找出错误并改正。
- Can you turn on it?
- I'm looking forward to see you.
- Who will look the children after?
- I can't put up the noise any more.
- We've run out milk.
- I'll pick up you at the station.
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6. 译成英语。
1) 我七点开车去接你。 2) 我们和邻居相处得非常好。 3) 我们家的面包吃完了。 4) 我特别盼着休假。 5) 她拒绝了那个提议。
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小结
本课已学：短语动词的四种类型和各自的语序，代词放在可分动词的中间、不可分动词的后面，look forward to + -ing，按词典格式判断类型，一个动词的几个意思，口语动词和书面同义词的区别。下一课——第35课：说出变化，做出比较。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
16 词- break down /ˌbreɪk ˈdaʊn/ （汽车等）出故障，坏了
- turn up /ˌtɜːn ˈʌp/ 出现，来
- fill in /ˌfɪl ˈɪn/ 填写（表格）
- look up /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ 查（词典、网上）
- deal with /ˈdiːl wɪð/ 处理，解决
- look into /ˌlʊk ˈɪntuː/ 调查，弄清楚
- find out /ˌfaɪnd ˈaʊt/ 得知，发现
- put off /ˌpʊt ˈɒf/ 推迟
- turn down /ˌtɜːn ˈdaʊn/ 拒绝；把（声音）调小
- run into /ˌrʌn ˈɪntuː/ 偶然遇到
- put up with /ˌpʊt ˈʌp wɪð/ 忍受，容忍
- get on with /ˌɡet ˈɒn wɪð/ 和……相处得好
- come up with /ˌkʌm ˈʌp wɪð/ 想出（主意）
- look forward to /ˌlʊk ˈfɔːwəd tə/ 盼望，期待
- run out /ˌrʌn ˈaʊt/ 用完；到期
- on the spot /ˌɒn ðə ˈspɒt/ 当场，立刻
写作
写六个句子，讲一个生活中遇到的麻烦，以及你是怎样解决的。至少用五个短语动词，其中一个是带代词的不可分动词，一个是三个部分的短语动词。
范例： Last month my laptop broke down. I looked up a repair shop and took it there. They said they would look into it, but nobody rang me for a week. In the end I went back and found out that they had lost my form. I filled it in again, and they dealt with the problem the next day. I can't put up with bad service, but they apologised, so I'm not angry.
检查清单：代词放在可分动词的中间、不可分动词的后面了吗？look forward to 后面用的是 -ing 吗？三个部分的短语动词三部分都在吗？