语法 剩余核心内容 ~57 分钟

过去的习惯和现在的习惯

完成本课后你将能够

能区分“以前常做”“已经习惯”和“正在习惯”——三个形式很像、很容易混淆的结构。

开始课程 核心 57 分钟 · 步骤:6 · 可选:+2

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。

语法

16 分钟

在 A2 第28课你学了 used to——“以前是这样,现在不了”:I used to live in a village. 当时也提醒过:有一个很像的结构 be used to,意思完全不同。现在把两个都讲清楚,再加上 get used to 和说过去的 would。

带 used 的三个结构:

结构 意思 后面接什么 例子
used to + 动词 以前是这样,现在不了 动词原形 I used to get up at ten.
be used to + -ing 已经习惯,不觉得难 -ing、名词、代词 I'm used to getting up early.
get used to + -ing 渐渐习惯:原来不习惯,慢慢变得习惯 -ing、名词、代词 I'm getting used to the early mornings.

used to——复习 A2 第28课。 只说过去,而且只说已经停止的事:I used to smoke.——“我以前抽烟”。疑问句和否定句用 did,这时 -d 去掉:Did you use to play football? I didn't use to like coffee. 和 there 一起用就是“这里以前有……”:There used to be a cinema here. used to 不说现在:说现在通常做的事,用 usually——I usually get up at seven。

be used to——“我已经习惯了”。 这是一种状态:你已经习惯了,不觉得难,也不觉得奇怪。be 随人称和时态变化,used to 不变:

I'm used to the noise. 我习惯了这种噪音。
She isn't used to working at night. 她不习惯晚上工作。
Are you used to the cold? 你习惯这么冷了吗?
At first we weren't used to driving on the left. 起初我们不习惯靠左行驶。

为什么 be used to 后面用 -ing。 这里的 to 不是动词前面的不定式符号,而是介词,就像 interested in 里的 in(第26课)或者 apologise for 里的 for(第16课)。介词后面的动词用 -ing 形式。检验方法:如果动词的位置能换成名词——I'm used to the cold——那 to 就是介词,动词就要说 I'm used to working。

get used to——“渐渐习惯”。 这是一个过程:原来不习惯,慢慢变得习惯。get 像任何动词一样变时态:

I'm getting used to it. 我正在慢慢习惯。
You'll get used to it. 你会习惯的。
I've got used to the new job. 我(已经)习惯了新工作。
It took me a year to get used to the climate. 我花了一年才适应这里的气候。
I can't get used to driving on the left. 我怎么也习惯不了靠左开车。

I've got used to it 和 I'm used to it 几乎一样:前一个说你经历了从不习惯到习惯的过程,后一个说现在的情况。

一秒钟分清楚。 看 used 前面的词:

  • 前面什么也没有(I used to)——说过去,后面接动词原形;
  • 前面有 be(I'm used to,She was used to)——“已经习惯”,后面接 -ing;
  • 前面有 get(I'm getting used to,You'll get used to)——“渐渐习惯”,后面接 -ing。

比较一下:

I used to live alone. 我以前一个人住(现在不了)。
I'm used to living alone. 我习惯一个人住,觉得挺好。
I'm getting used to living alone. 我正在习惯一个人住。

would 说过去反复发生的事。 讲过去的事时,可以用 would + 动词代替 used to——说反复发生的动作: Every summer we would go to my grandparents'. My grandfather would take us fishing.——“每年夏天我们都会去爷爷奶奶家。爷爷总会带我们去钓鱼。”缩写是 'd:We'd swim in the river every day. 讲述通常用 used to 或者时间词开头(When I was a child…,Every summer…),后面接着用 would:这样听起来像在回忆。汉语回忆往事时说的“总会”“都会”,和这个 would 很接近。

would 有两个限制:

  • 只说动作,不说状态。 be、have、live、like、know 这些动词只能用 used to:I used to have a dog,不能说 ✗ I would have a dog。后者的意思是“(要是……)我会养一只狗”——这是第二条件句(第8课);
  • 需要过去的上下文。 没有上下文,I would go to the cinema 会被理解成“(要是可以)我会去看电影”。
used to would
反复发生的动作 ✓ We used to play outside. ✓ We would play outside.
状态 ✓ I used to live in a village. ✗
一次性的事 ✗ ✗——要用一般过去时:We moved in 2019.

汉语提示。 “以前(现在不了)”“过去常常”“那时候总会……”——used to 或者 would。“习惯了” “已经习惯”——be used to。“终于习惯了”——have got used to。“正在习惯”“会习惯的”“怎么也习惯不了”—— get used to。

更多例子:

We used to go camping every summer. 我们以前每年夏天都去野营。
There used to be a bakery on this corner. 这个街角以前有一家面包店。
I'm not used to eating so late. 我不习惯这么晚吃饭。
Don't worry — you'll soon get used to the new system. 别担心,你很快就会习惯新系统的。
On Sundays my dad would make pancakes. 星期天爸爸总会做煎饼。

不能这样说。 ✗ I got used to get up early → ✓ I got used to getting up early。get used to 后面和 be used to 一样,用 -ing。

自我检测。 填入正确的形式:I used to ___ (drive) 和 I'm used to ___ (drive)。“你会习惯的”怎么说?能不能说 When I was a child, I would have a cat?

显示答案
drive,driving; You'll get used to it; 不能:这里的 have 是状态,要说 I used to have a cat。
广告

中文母语者的常见错误

已针对你的语言编写
1

be used to 后面用动词原形。

✗ I'm used to get up early

✓ I'm used to getting up early

。中学里“to + 动词原形”练得最多,看到 to 就接原形;汉语“习惯早起”里的动词也不变形。可这里的 to 是介词,后面要用 -ing。这是本课最容易出错的地方。

2

漏掉 be。

✗ I used to the noise,✗ I used to getting up early(想说“我习惯早起”)→ ✓ I'm used to the noise,I'm used to getting up early。“我习惯了”“我习惯早起”里没有和 be 对应的词,于是 'm 被丢掉。可没有 be,used to 就只能是“以前……”。

3

用 used to 说现在的习惯。

“我习惯早上喝咖啡”说成 I used to drink coffee in the morning—— 这句话没有错,可意思是“我以前早上喝咖啡(现在不喝了)”。换成现在时也不行:✗ I use to drink coffee in the morning。说现在的习惯用 ✓ I usually drink coffee in the morning 或者 I'm used to drinking coffee in the morning。汉语的“习惯”很容易让人想到 used to,两个结构就混在了一起。

发音

4 分钟

used to 和 be used to 读音一样——/ˈjuːstə/: 清音 /s/,没有 /d/,to 弱读 /tə/。听的时候只能靠前后的词来区分:

I used to work there. /aɪ ˈjuːstə ˈwɜːk/——后面是动词原形
I'm used to working there. /aɪm ˈjuːstə ˈwɜːkɪŋ/——used 前面有 'm,后面是 -ing

used 用作别的意思时读音不同。 动词 use——“使用”——的过去式读浊音 /z/,带 /d/:I used a knife /aɪ juːzd ə ˈnaɪf/。而 used to 里是清音 /s/ 和 /t/:/juːst/。如果读成 /juːzd tuː/,听起来就像“用了…… 来……”。

讲故事时 would 几乎听不见: we'd go /wiːd ˈɡəʊ/,he'd take /hiːd ˈteɪk/——would 只剩下一个短短的 /d/。重音落在实义动词上。

广告

课文

5 分钟

I grew up on a farm in Wales. When I was a child, I used to get up at six to help my dad with the animals. In winter it was still dark, and my brother and I would walk to the school bus with torches. We didn't use to have the internet at home, so in the evenings we'd read or play cards.

A few years ago I moved to London for work, and it was a shock. I wasn't used to the noise, the crowds or the prices. For the first few months I couldn't sleep because of the traffic outside my window. But you get used to everything. Now I'm used to the noise — I hardly hear it any more. I'm used to taking the Tube, and I've even got used to paying four pounds for a coffee.

The one thing I'm still getting used to is my tiny flat. I used to have a whole house and a garden; now I have one room and a window box with three plants in it. My mum says I'll get used to it. Maybe. But every time I go home, I spend the whole weekend outside.

朗读

练习

32 分钟

1. 填入

  1. I live in a small village, but now I live in the city
  2. Don't worry about the cold. You'll it
  3. She's a nurse, so she working at night
  4. We have a dog when I was a child
  5. I'm still my new glasses
  6. It took me a long time to driving on the left
  7. He spicy food, so he found the curry far too hot
  8. There be a bank here, but it closed
显示答案
used to; get used to; 's used to / is used to; used to; getting used to; get used to; wasn't used to / was not used to; used to

2. 把括号里的动词变成正确的形式:

  1. I used to (play) the piano
  2. I'm not used to (wear) a suit
  3. Have you got used to (live) on your own?
  4. Every summer we would (spend) two weeks by the sea
  5. She'll soon get used to (work) in a team
  6. My father didn't use to (cook), but now he loves it
显示答案
play; wearing; living; spend; working; cook

3. 按括号里的提示改写。

  1. Getting up early isn't a problem for me. (be used to)
  2. I smoked when I was younger, but I stopped. (used to)
  3. Driving on the left is getting easier for me. (get used to)
  4. At first the noise was strange for her. (not / be used to)
  5. Every Sunday my grandfather took us to the park. (would)
  6. Is this weather normal for you? (be used to,疑问句)
  7. There was a cinema here, but it closed. (used to)
显示答案
I'm used to getting up early / I am used to getting up early; I used to smoke when I was younger / I used to smoke; I'm getting used to driving on the left / I am getting used to driving on the left; At first she wasn't used to the noise / She wasn't used to the noise at first; Every Sunday my grandfather would take us to the park; Are you used to this weather?; There used to be a cinema here

4. 找出错误并改正。

  1. I'm used to get up at six.
  2. I used to working from home, but now I go to the office.
  3. I use to drink tea in the morning.
  4. When I was a child, I would have a bike.
  5. She can't get used to live alone.
  6. Did you used to play football?
显示答案
I'm used to getting up at six; I used to work from home, but now I go to the office; I usually drink tea in the morning / I used to drink tea in the morning; When I was a child, I used to have a bike / When I was a child, I had a bike; She can't get used to living alone; Did you use to play football?

5. 译成英语。

1) 我以前在银行工作。 2) 我已经习惯噪音了。 3) 你会习惯新工作的。 4) 我怎么也习惯不了早起。 5) 这里以前有个公园。

显示答案
I used to work in a bank / I used to work at a bank; I'm used to the noise / I've got used to the noise; You'll get used to the new job / You'll get used to your new job; I can't get used to getting up early; There used to be a park here

6. 用完整的句子回答

——说说你自己。下面的答案是范例。 1) What did you use to do as a child that you don't do now? 2) What are you used to now that was difficult at first? 3) What are you still getting used to?

显示答案
I used to play the violin, but I stopped when I was fifteen; I'm used to working from home now, but at first it was hard; I'm still getting used to my new phone
广告

小结

本课已学:used to 和 be used to、get used to 的区别,靠 used 前面的词来分辨,介词 to 后面用 -ing,would 说过去反复发生的动作以及它的限制,/juːst/ 和 /juːzd/ 的读音区别。下一课——第34课:英语口语。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 106 课

可选

词卡词汇

14 词
  • be used to /bi ˈjuːstə/ 习惯于(某事),已经习惯
  • get used to /ˌɡet ˈjuːstə/ 渐渐习惯,适应
  • farm /fɑːm/ 农场
  • torch /tɔːtʃ/ 手电筒
  • crowd /kraʊd/ 人群
  • shock /ʃɒk/ 震惊,打击
  • the Tube /ðə ˈtjuːb/ 伦敦地铁
  • tiny /ˈtaɪni/ 极小的
  • window box /ˈwɪndəʊ bɒks/ 窗台花箱
  • climate /ˈklaɪmət/ 气候
  • spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ 辣的
  • pancake /ˈpænkeɪk/ 薄煎饼
  • go camping /ˌɡəʊ ˈkæmpɪŋ/ 去野营
  • bakery /ˈbeɪkəri/ 面包店

写作

写五六个句子,讲讲搬家、换工作或者开始上学以后,你的生活有了哪些变化:以前是什么样,你已经习惯了什么,还在慢慢习惯什么。

范例: When I was a student, I used to sleep until eleven. I would stay up late and work at night. Then I got a job in an office, and at first I wasn't used to getting up at seven. Now I'm used to it, and I even like the quiet mornings. I'm still getting used to wearing a suit, though.

检查清单:be used to 和 get used to 后面用的是 -ing 吗?说习惯的地方,used 前面有 be 或者 get 吗?would 只说动作,说状态用 used to 吗?

草稿已保存在此设备
广告

有新功能的想法吗?

发送想法
广告
广告