语法 剩余核心内容 ~59 分钟

说出变化，做出比较

完成本课后你将能够

不仅能说出哪个更大，还能说出大多少，并能描述变化。

开始课程 核心 59 分钟 · 步骤：6 · 可选：+2

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。

语法

18 分钟

在 A2 第7课你学会了比较：cheaper than，more expensive than，as … as。那一课也出现过 much cheaper ——“便宜得多”。在第28课，副词也有了同样的用法：more carefully。现在要把比较说得更准确：你将能说出一样东西比另一样大多少，是它的几倍，某样东西怎样随时间变化，以及一个变化怎样带来另一个变化。

相差多少：比较级前面的词。

相差多少 词 例子
得多 much, far, a lot This flat is much bigger. The train is far more comfortable.
一点儿 a bit, a little, slightly It's a bit colder today. Prices are slightly higher.
更（本来就已经……） even It was cold yesterday, but today it's even colder.

a lot 和 a bit 是口语，far 和 slightly 是中性的，报告里也可以用。much 哪儿都能用。even 表示前一个本来就已经是这样了：Tom is tall, but his brother is even taller.——“汤姆个子高，他哥哥更高。”

very 不能和比较级连用：✗ very cheaper → ✓ much cheaper。very 只加强特征本身（very cheap），两样东西之间的差别要用 much 和 far 来衡量。

同样的词也可以用在副词前面（She drives much more carefully than me），以及名词前面的 more、less 前面： far more money，a lot less time。可数名词复数前面不说 much more，而说 many more 或者 far more： There were many more people than last year.

有多相似：as … as 前面的词。

The new phone is just as good as the old one. 一点也不差，完全一样
My flat is nearly as big as yours. 差不多一样大
The film isn't nearly as good as the book. 远远比不上

是几倍：倍数。 汉语说“贵一倍”“是……的三倍”。英语把倍数放在 as … as 前面：

Her flat is twice as expensive as mine. 贵一倍
The new bridge is three times as long as the old one. 是旧桥的三倍长
The train takes half as long as the bus. 时间少一半
This phone is half the price of that one. 便宜一半
They earn twice as much as we do. 挣的钱是我们的两倍

“两倍”是 twice，不是 ✗ two times；再往上是 three times，four times。“少一半”“便宜一半” “短一半”最方便用 half 来说：half the price，half the size，half as long。你也会听到 three times more expensive than——这样说也行，新闻里尤其常见。但 three times as expensive as 更可靠：它的意思不会被误解。

变化：比较级重复两次。 “越来越冷”“越来越贵”——比较级，and，再把这个比较级说一遍。通常和 get 或 become 连用：

It's getting colder and colder. 天越来越冷了。
The days are getting longer and longer. 白天越来越长。
Flats are getting more and more expensive. 房子越来越贵。
I'm getting better and better at it. 我做得越来越好。
We see each other less and less. 我们见面越来越少。

长形容词只重复 more：more and more expensive，不说 ✗ more expensive and more expensive。

一个随着另一个变：the …, the …。 “越……越……”。两部分都以 the 和比较级开头，主语和谓语放在后面：

The more I practise, the better I speak. 我练得越多，说得越好。
The longer we waited, the angrier he got. 我们等得越久，他越生气。
The older I get, the less I sleep. 我年纪越大，睡得越少。
The sooner we leave, the sooner we'll get there. 我们越早出发，就越早到。

比较级和它所带的词一起移到开头：The more tired you are, the more mistakes you make——tired 和 mistakes 紧跟在 more 后面。简短的固定说法不用动词：The sooner, the better.——“越早越好。”The bigger, the better. 两部分之间用逗号隔开。

用数字说变化：by。 要说某样东西涨了或者降了多少，需要介词 by：Prices have gone up by ten per cent.——“价格上涨了百分之十。”The number of visitors fell by half.——“游客人数减少了一半。”达到的水平用 to：The price rose to five pounds.——“价格涨到了五英镑。”动词：向上——go up，rise（第13课）， increase；向下——go down，fall，drop。

更多例子：

The second exam was a lot easier. 第二场考试容易得多。
Could you speak a little more slowly? 能说得稍微慢一点吗？
It's by far the best café in town. 这是城里最好的咖啡馆，没有之一。

by far 加强最高级：“无疑，遥遥领先”。

不能这样说。 ✗ much more better → ✓ much better。比较级只用一种方法构成：要么 -er，要么 more （A2 第7课），much 放在已经构成的比较级前面。

自我检测。 “稍微贵一点”怎么说？“便宜一半”用英语怎么说？把 I read more 和 I understand more 合成一个带 the …, the … 的句子。

显示答案
a bit more expensive 或者 slightly more expensive; half the price（或者 half as expensive）; The more I read, the more I understand。
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中文母语者的常见错误

已针对你的语言编写
1

very 加比较级。

✗ very cheaper

✓ much cheaper

。汉语其实也不说“比我们的很便宜”，而说 “便宜得多”，可是一翻译，手就伸向最熟悉的 very。“……得多”对应的是 much，far，a lot。

2

“两倍”说成 two times。

✗ two times as big，✗ two times bigger → ✓ twice as big； “便宜一半”→ ✓ half the price。“两倍”“三倍”逐字翻译，就成了 two times。可是“两倍”在英语里是一个词 twice，times 从三开始用。

3

the …, the … 漏掉 the，或者语序不对。

✗ More I practise, better I speak → ✓ The more I practise, the better I speak。✗ The more you become tired… → ✓ The more tired you become… 汉语的 “越……越……”里没有冠词，英语的 the 就显得多余。可没有它，这个结构就不成立。

4

把“越来越”一律说成 more and more。

✗ more and more cold，✗ more and more good → ✓ colder and colder，✓ better and better。“越来越”有一个固定的英语对应，于是什么形容词前面都放 more and more。其实只有长形容词才这样说（more and more expensive），短形容词重复 -er 形式。

发音

4 分钟

重音落在加强词和比较级上：

It's much cheaper. It's even colder.

如果想强调差别有多大，声音就落在 much，far，even 上。

the …, the … 里两个比较级都重读。 前半句以升调结束，后半句用降调：

The more I practise ↗, the better I speak ↘.

弱读形式： twice as big as 里的 as 读 /əz/，than 读 /ðən/：twice as big as mine /ˈtwaɪs əz ˈbɪɡ əz ˈmaɪn/。重音落在 twice 和形容词上。

本课的词： twice /twaɪs/——结尾是清音 /s/；slightly /ˈslaɪtli/；even /ˈiːvn/——第二个音节几乎没有元音；per cent /pə ˈsent/——重音在 cent 上。

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课文

5 分钟

Two years ago we moved from the centre of Bristol to a village about twenty miles away. Was it the right decision? Here's an honest comparison.

Our new house is much bigger than our old flat — almost twice as big — and the rent is slightly lower. The garden is the best thing: the children play outside far more often than before, and they're much healthier.

The journey to work is the worst thing. It used to take me fifteen minutes; now it takes nearly an hour, four times as long. The trains are getting more and more crowded, and tickets are getting more and more expensive: this year the price went up by eight per cent.

Shopping is a bit more difficult, too. The village shop is nearly as expensive as a petrol station, so we drive to the supermarket once a week.

But life here is far quieter, and that matters to us more and more. Our friends in the city say the village is too far from everything. Maybe. But the longer we live here, the more we like it. And the older I get, the less I want to live with noise.

朗读

练习

32 分钟

1. 填入

  1. The train is faster than the bus — about two hours faster
  2. It's colder today than yesterday, but not much
  3. Yesterday was hot, but today is hotter
  4. This bag costs £40, and that one costs £80. That one is as expensive
  5. It isn't as good as the first film — it's much worse
  6. In the sale, everything is the price — we paid £20 instead of £40
  7. Prices have gone up five per cent
显示答案
much; a bit; even; twice; nearly; half; by

2. 把比较级说两遍：

  1. It's getting (cold)
  2. Life in the city is becoming (expensive)
  3. The days are getting (long)
  4. I'm getting (good) at it
  5. It's getting (difficult) to find a flat
显示答案
colder and colder; more and more expensive; longer and longer; better and better; more and more difficult

3. 合成一句：

  1. You practise more. You speak better.
  2. I get older. I sleep less.
  3. He waited longer. He got angrier.
  4. You start soon. You'll finish soon.
  5. The flat is big. The rent is high.
  6. I read more. I understand more.
显示答案
The more you practise, the better you speak; The older I get, the less I sleep; The longer he waited, the angrier he got; The sooner you start, the sooner you'll finish; The bigger the flat, the higher the rent / The bigger the flat is, the higher the rent is; The more I read, the more I understand

4. 用倍数改写：

  1. My flat costs £600 a month. Hers costs £1,200. (Her flat …)
  2. The old bridge is 100 metres long. The new one is 300 metres long. (The new bridge …)
  3. The train takes one hour. The bus takes two hours. (The bus …)
  4. This jacket was £100. Now it's £50. (Now the jacket …)
  5. Tom earns £3,000 a month. I earn £1,000. (Tom …)
显示答案
Her flat is twice as expensive as mine / Her flat costs twice as much as mine; The new bridge is three times as long as the old one / The new bridge is three times longer than the old one; The bus takes twice as long as the train; Now the jacket is half the price / Now the jacket costs half as much; Tom earns three times as much as me / Tom earns three times as much as I do

5. 找出错误并改正。

  1. This flat is very cheaper than ours.
  2. The new house is two times as big as the old one.
  3. More you read, more you learn.
  4. It's getting more and more cold.
  5. The tickets are much more cheaper online.
  6. The more you become tired, the more mistakes you make.
显示答案
This flat is much cheaper than ours / This flat is far cheaper than ours / This flat is a lot cheaper than ours; The new house is twice as big as the old one; The more you read, the more you learn; It's getting colder and colder; The tickets are much cheaper online; The more tired you become, the more mistakes you make / The more tired you get, the more mistakes you make / The more tired you are, the more mistakes you make

6. 译成英语。

1) 今天比昨天稍微暖和一点。 2) 这部手机便宜一半。 3) 天越来越黑了。 4) 越早越好。 5) 价格上涨了百分之十。 6) 这部电影远远比不上原著有意思。

显示答案
It's a bit warmer today than yesterday / It's slightly warmer today than yesterday / It's a little warmer today than yesterday; This phone is half the price / This phone costs half as much / This phone is half as expensive; It's getting darker and darker; The sooner, the better / The earlier, the better; Prices have gone up by ten per cent / Prices have risen by ten per cent / Prices went up by ten per cent / Prices rose by ten per cent; This film isn't nearly as interesting as the book / The film isn't nearly as interesting as the book

7. 用完整的句子回答

——说说你自己。下面的答案是范例。 1) How is your town different from when you were a child? 2) Finish the sentence: The more I…, the…

显示答案
My town is much bigger now, and the traffic is far worse, but the parks are a lot nicer; The more I travel, the more I want to see
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小结

本课已学：比较级前面的 much，far，a lot，a bit，slightly，even，以及不能用 very；just as， nearly as，not nearly as；用 twice as … as，three times as … as，half the price 表示倍数；用 colder and colder，more and more 表示变化；the …, the …；用 by 和 to 说数字上的变化。下一课—— 第36课：B1 结业测试。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 108 课

可选

词卡词汇

15 词
  • twice /twaɪs/ 两倍；两次
  • even /ˈiːvn/ 更，还要（用于比较级前）
  • far /fɑː/ ……得多（用于比较级前）
  • half the price /ˌhɑːf ðə ˈpraɪs/ 半价，便宜一半
  • by far /baɪ ˈfɑː/ 无疑，遥遥领先
  • per cent /pə ˈsent/ 百分之……
  • go up /ˌɡəʊ ˈʌp/ （价格、数字）上涨
  • go down /ˌɡəʊ ˈdaʊn/ 下降
  • increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ 增加，增长
  • drop /drɒp/ 下降，下跌
  • rent /rent/ 租金；租（房）
  • crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ 拥挤的
  • petrol station /ˈpetrəl ˌsteɪʃn/ 加油站
  • comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/ 比较
  • matter /ˈmætə/ 要紧，有关系

写作

写五六个句子：比较你住过或工作过的两个地方，或者比较你现在的生活和几年前的生活。要用两个加强词、一个倍数、一个“越来越……”和一个 the …, the …。

范例： My new office is much smaller than the old one, but it's far closer to my home. The journey takes half as long, so I have a lot more free time. The rent in this area is getting higher and higher, though. My colleagues are slightly younger, and the atmosphere is even friendlier. The longer I work here, the happier I feel.

检查清单：比较级前面没有 very 吧？“两倍”“一半”用的是 twice as … as 或者 half，没有 two times 吧？the …, the … 里两个 the 都在吗？形容词紧跟在 more 后面吗？

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在其他板块练习本课内容

听写基于本课 写下您听到的内容。检查会显示每个不同的单词及其差异。 听写练习 朗读基于本课 朗读课程文本——语音识别会高亮未识别的单词。 朗读课文 阅读与听力A1–C1 各水平文本附理解题；回答后即可查看文本。 立即试用

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