Grammatika ~21 min tuumikust jäänud

Anda edasi teise inimese sõnu

Pärast seda õppetundi oskad

Oskan aru saada ja edasi anda, mida teine inimene ütles.

Alusta tundi Tuum 19–21 min · sammud: 6 · valikuline: +2

Väljakuulutatud tuuma aeg. Kaks tuumaplokki ei sisalda aega, seega on tegelik õppetund sellest summast pikem.

Grammatika

5 min

Teise inimese sõnu antakse edasi kahe verbiga, ja need ei ole vahetatavad.

say — öelda MIDA He said that he was tired.
tell — öelda KELLELE He told me that he was tired.

say ei võta inimest ilma eessõnata: ✗ He said me → ✓ He said to me või He told me.

Sõna that võib ära jätta: He said (that) he was tired — mõlemad variandid on õiged.

Edasiandmisel nihkub aeg sammu võrra tagasi:

otsene kõne kaudne kõne
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work here." She said she worked here.
"I will call you." He said he would call me.

Sellel tasemel tuleb nihet ÄRA TUNDA, mitte ise moodustada. Täielikult käsitletakse seda B1-tasemel koos küsimuste ja palvete edasiandmisega. Praegu on tähtis mõista, et was kaudses kõnes ei tähenda minevikku: inimene rääkis olevikust.

Ka asesõnad muutuvad: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.

Tsitaati ja kaudset kõnet ei segata: kas He said, "I am tired." või He said (that) he was tired.

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Eesti keele kõneleja vead

kirjutatud sinu keele jaoks
1

said me

✗ He said me that…

✓ He told me that…

või He said to me that…. Eesti „ütles mulle“ paneb inimese lihtsalt alaleütlevasse käändesse, nagu give me. say seda ei luba: kui tahad inimest nimetada, võta tell.

2

told ilma inimeseta

✗ She told that she was busy

✓ She said that she was busy

või She told me that she was busy. „Ta rääkis, et …“ läheb ilma inimeseta, tell aga vajab teda: told me, told Tom.

3

Koma that-i ees

✗ He said, that he was tired

✓ He said that he was tired

Eesti keeles on „et“ ees alati koma, inglise keeles that-i ees mitte.

4

was loetakse minevikuks

Eesti keeles jääb aeg edasiandmisel samaks („ütles, et ta on väsinud“). Seepärast tundub He said he was tired tähendavat „oli väsinud“, aga see tähendab „on väsinud“.

Hääldus

3 min

Kaudses kõnes on rõhk sisul, mitte kõneverbil:

He said he was tired. She told me she worked there.

said /sed/ — lühike, täishäälikuga /e/, mitte /eɪ/; ära loe seda nagu eesti sõna „said“. told /təʊld/ — pika diftongiga.

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Tekst

3 min

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy and that he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the new system. She told me that it didn't work on her computer. I said I would help her after lunch.

Harjutused

8–10 min

1. Lünkharjutus.

  1. He that he was tired
  2. He me that he was tired
  3. She me about the problem
  4. She that the system didn't work
Näita vastuseid
said, told, told, said.

2. Vea leidmine.

  1. He said me that he was busy.
  2. He said that "I am tired".
  3. She told that she was busy.
Näita vastuseid
He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy.; He said that he was tired. / He said, "I am tired."; She said that she was busy. / She told me that she was busy.

3. Vastavusse seadmine.

  1. "I am tired."
  2. "I work here."
  3. "I will call you."
Näita vastuseid
`"I am tired."` — He said he was tired.; `"I work here."` — He said he worked here.; `"I will call you."` — He said he would call me.

4. Anna edasi.

  1. Tom: "I am busy."
  2. Anna: "I work here."
Näita vastuseid
Tom said that he was busy. / Tom said he was busy.; Anna said that she worked here. / Anna said she worked here.
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Kokkuvõte

Selles tunnis läbitud

  • say ja tell vastandus
  • edasiandmine that-iga
  • ajanihke äratundmine
  • asesõnade nihe

Edasi — 30. tund: tundide 25–29 kordamine.

Tuumiku lõpp

Tund loetakse tehtuks, kui harjutused on sooritatud. Kõik pärast seda on valikuline.

Tund 66

valikuline

Sõnavara kaardipakki

12 sõna
  • say /seɪ/ ütlema
  • said /sed/ ütles
  • tell /tel/ rääkima, ütlema (kellelegi)
  • told /təʊld/ ütles, rääkis
  • ask /ɑːsk/ küsima, paluma
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ keelduma
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ selgitama
  • call back /kɔːl ˈbæk/ tagasi helistama
  • busy /ˈbɪzi/ hõivatud, ametis
  • system /ˈsɪstəm/ süsteem
  • mention /ˈmenʃn/ mainima
  • later /ˈleɪtə/ hiljem

Kirjutamine

Neli lauset — anna edasi vestlus, mis sul täna oli.

Näidis

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy. He said he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the system.

Kontroll-loend

Mustand salvestatakse selles seadmes
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Kas sul on idee uue funktsiooni jaoks?

Saada idee
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