Slovnica ~21 min jedra še preostane

Prenesti tuje besede

Po tej lekciji znate

Znam razumeti in naprej povedati, kar je rekel nekdo drug.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 19–21 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

5 min

Tuje besede prenašamo z dvema glagoloma, ki nista zamenljiva.

say — reči KAJ He said that he was tired.
tell — povedati KOMU He told me that he was tired.

say ne sprejme osebe brez predloga: ✗ He said me → ✓ He said to me ali He told me.

Besedo that lahko izpustimo: He said (that) he was tired — obe različici sta pravilni.

Pri prenašanju se čas premakne korak nazaj:

premi govor odvisni govor
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work here." She said she worked here.
"I will call you." He said he would call me.

Na tej stopnji je treba premik PREPOZNATI, ne pa ga tvoriti. V celoti ga obravnavamo na B1, skupaj s prenašanjem vprašanj in prošenj. Zdaj je pomembno razumeti, da was v odvisnem govoru ne pomeni preteklosti: človek je govoril o sedanjosti. Slovenščina časa ne premakne („rekel je, da je utrujen“), angleščina pa ga.

Spremenijo se tudi zaimki: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.

Citata in odvisnega govora ne mešamo: ali He said, "I am tired." ali He said (that) he was tired.

Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

„Rekel mi je“ → said me

✗ He said me that…

✓ He told me…

ali He said to me…. Slovenski „mi“ stoji brez predloga, zato ga prevedemo kar z me. Za said oseba brez to ne stoji; „komu“ sodi k told.

2

told brez osebe

✗ She told that she was busy

✓ She said that she was busy

ali She told me that she was busy. „Povedati“ lahko stoji brez „komu“, tell pa ga vedno zahteva.

3

Drugi del brez osebka

✗ He said was tired

✓ He said he was tired

„Rekel je, da je utrujen“ nima zaimka, angleški drugi del pa ga potrebuje — kot vsaka angleška poved.

4

Vejica pred that

✗ He said, that he was tired

✓ He said that he was tired

Pred „da“ v slovenščini vejica stoji vedno, pred that v angleščini ne.

Izgovorjava

3 min

V odvisnem govoru je naglas na vsebini, ne na glagolu govorjenja:

He said he was tired. She told me she worked there.

said /sed/ — kratko, z glasom /e/, ne /eɪ/: ne „sejd“ po zgledu say. told /təʊld/ — z dolgim dvoglasnikom, ne s čistim „o“.

Oglas

Besedilo

3 min

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy and that he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the new system. She told me that it didn't work on her computer. I said I would help her after lunch.

Branje na glas

Vaje

8–10 min

1. Vstavljanje.

  1. He that he was tired
  2. He me that he was tired
  3. She me about the problem
  4. She that the system didn't work
Prikaži odgovore
said, told, told, said.

2. Iskanje napak.

  1. He said me that he was busy.
  2. He said that "I am tired".
  3. She told that she was busy.
Prikaži odgovore
He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy.; He said that he was tired. / He said, "I am tired."; She said that she was busy. / She told me that she was busy.

3. Povezovanje.

  1. "I am tired."
  2. "I work here."
  3. "I will call you."
Prikaži odgovore
`"I am tired."` — He said he was tired.; `"I work here."` — He said he worked here.; `"I will call you."` — He said he would call me.

4. Prenesi.

  1. Tom: "I am busy."
  2. Anna: "I work here."
Prikaži odgovore
Tom said that he was busy. / Tom said he was busy.; Anna said that she worked here. / Anna said she worked here.
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano

  • say proti tell
  • odvisni govor s that
  • prepoznavanje premika časov
  • premik zaimkov

Sledi lekcija 30: ponavljanje lekcij 25–29.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 66

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

12 besed
  • say /seɪ/ reči, govoriti
  • said /sed/ rekel, rekla
  • tell /tel/ povedati (komu)
  • told /təʊld/ povedal, povedala
  • ask /ɑːsk/ vprašati; prositi
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ zavrniti, odkloniti
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ pojasniti, razložiti
  • call back /kɔːl ˈbæk/ poklicati nazaj
  • busy /ˈbɪzi/ zaposlen, zaseden
  • system /ˈsɪstəm/ sistem
  • mention /ˈmenʃn/ omeniti
  • later /ˈleɪtə/ pozneje

Pisanje

Štiri povedi — prenesi pogovor, ki si ga imel danes.

Zgled

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy. He said he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the system.

Kontrolni seznam

Osnutek je shranjen na tej napravi
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Vadite to lekcijo v drugih razdelkih

Diktatna podlagi te lekcije Zapišite, kar slišite. Preverjanje pokaže vsako besedo, ki se razlikuje, in kako. Napišite narek Branje na glasna podlagi te lekcije Preberite besedilo lekcije na glas — prepoznavanje govora označi besede, ki jih ni ujelo. Preberite besedilo na glas Branje in poslušanjeA1–C1 Besedila na vsaki ravni z vprašanji za razumevanje; prepis se odpre po odgovoru. Preizkusi

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