Málfræði ~21 mín af kjarna eftir

Að endursegja orð annarra

Eftir þessa kennslustund geturðu

Ég get skilið og endursagt það sem einhver annar sagði.

Hefja kennslustund Kjarni 19–21 mín · skref: 6 · valfrjálst: +2

Tilkynntur kjarnatími. Tvö kjarnaþáttanna bera enga tölu, svo raunveruleg kennslustund er lengri en þessi summa.

Málfræði

5 mín.

Orð annarra eru endursögð með tveimur sögnum, og þær koma ekki hvor í annarrar stað.

say — segja HVAÐ He said that he was tired.
tell — segja HVERJUM He told me that he was tired.

say tekur ekki manneskju án forsetningar: ✗ He said me → ✓ He said to me eða He told me.

Orðinu that má sleppa: He said (that) he was tired — hvort tveggja er rétt.

Í endursögn færist tíðin eitt skref aftur:

bein ræða endursögn
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work here." She said she worked here.
"I will call you." He said he would call me.

Á þessu stigi þarf að ÞEKKJA tilfærsluna, ekki að mynda hana. Hún er tekin fyrir í heild á B1, ásamt endursögn spurninga og beiðna. Nú skiptir máli að skilja að was í endursögn merkir ekki fortíð: manneskjan talaði um nútíðina. Íslenskan gerir svipað: „Hann sagði að hann væri þreyttur“ — „væri“, ekki „er“.

Fornöfnin breytast líka: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.

Beinni ræðu og endursögn er ekki blandað saman: annaðhvort He said, "I am tired." eða He said (that) he was tired.

Auglýsing

Villur íslenskumælandi nemenda

skrifað fyrir þitt tungumál
1

said me

✗ He said me that he was busy

✓ He told me that he was busy

eða He said to me that he was busy. „Hann sagði mér að hann væri upptekinn“: „segja“ tekur manneskjuna í þágufalli, án forsetningar, og „sagði mér“ verður beint að said me (A1 #29).

2

told án manneskju

✗ She told that she was busy

✓ She said that she was busy

eða She told me that she was busy. Íslenskan hefur eina sögn, „segja“, bæði með manneskju og án hennar, og því verður valið milli say og tell tilviljun. Reglan: á eftir told kemur alltaf sá sem sagt er við — told me, told Tom.

Framburður

3 mín.

Í endursögn er áherslan á innihaldinu, ekki á sögninni sem segir frá:

He said he was tired. She told me she worked there.

said /sed/ — stutt, með sérhljóðinu /e/, ekki /eɪ/: ekki /seɪd/, þótt say sé /seɪ/. told /təʊld/ — með löngu tvíhljóði.

Auglýsing

Texti

3 mín.

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy and that he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the new system. She told me that it didn't work on her computer. I said I would help her after lunch.

Upplesin

Æfingar

8–10 mín.

1. Eyðufylling.

  1. He that he was tired
  2. He me that he was tired
  3. She me about the problem
  4. She that the system didn't work
Sýna svörin
said, told, told, said.

2. Villuleit.

  1. He said me that he was busy.
  2. He said that "I am tired".
  3. She told that she was busy.
Sýna svörin
He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy.; He said that he was tired. / He said, "I am tired."; She said that she was busy. / She told me that she was busy.

3. Pörun.

  1. "I am tired."
  2. "I work here."
  3. "I will call you."
Sýna svörin
`"I am tired."` — He said he was tired.; `"I work here."` — He said he worked here.; `"I will call you."` — He said he would call me.

4. Endursegðu.

  1. Tom: "I am busy."
  2. Anna: "I work here."
Sýna svörin
Tom said that he was busy. / Tom said he was busy.; Anna said that she worked here. / Anna said she worked here.
Auglýsing

Samantekt

Farið yfir

  • say og tell
  • endursögn með that
  • að þekkja tilfærslu tíða
  • tilfærsla fornafna

Næst — lexía 30: upprifjun á lexíum 25–29.

Endir kjarna

Kennslustund telst lokið þegar æfingum er lokið. Allt eftir þetta er valfrjálst.

Kennslustund 66

valfrjálst

Orðaforði í spjaldastokkinn

12 orð
  • say /seɪ/ segja
  • said /sed/ sagði
  • tell /tel/ segja (einhverjum), segja frá
  • told /təʊld/ sagði (einhverjum)
  • ask /ɑːsk/ spyrja, biðja
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ neita, hafna
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ útskýra
  • call back /kɔːl ˈbæk/ hringja aftur, hringja til baka
  • busy /ˈbɪzi/ upptekinn
  • system /ˈsɪstəm/ kerfi
  • mention /ˈmenʃn/ nefna, minnast á
  • later /ˈleɪtə/ seinna, síðar

Ritun

Fjórar setningar — endursegðu samtal sem þú áttir í dag.

Fyrirmynd

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy. He said he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the system.

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