Tatabahasa ~21 min daripada teras tinggal

Menyampaikan kata-kata orang lain

Selepas pelajaran ini anda boleh

Saya boleh memahami dan menyampaikan semula apa yang dikatakan oleh orang lain.

Mulakan pelajaran Teras 19–21 min · langkah: 6 · pilihan: +2

Masa teras yang diisytiharkan. Dua blok teras tidak membawa sebarang angka, jadi pelajaran sebenar lebih panjang daripada jumlah ini.

Tatabahasa

5 min

Kata-kata orang lain disampaikan dengan dua kata kerja, dan kedua-duanya tidak boleh saling menggantikan.

say — berkata APA He said that he was tired.
tell — memberitahu KEPADA SIAPA He told me that he was tired.

say tidak diikuti terus oleh orang tanpa kata sendi nama: ✗ He said me → ✓ He said to me atau He told me.

Perkataan that boleh digugurkan: He said (that) he was tired — kedua-duanya betul.

Dalam cakap pindah kala berundur satu langkah ke belakang:

cakap ajuk cakap pindah
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work here." She said she worked here.
"I will call you." He said he would call me.

Pada peringkat ini anjakan itu perlu DIKENALI, belum perlu dibina sendiri. Ia dipelajari sepenuhnya di B1, bersama penyampaian soalan dan permintaan. Sekarang yang penting ialah memahami bahawa was dalam cakap pindah tidak bermaksud masa lampau: orang itu bercakap tentang keadaannya ketika itu.

Kata ganti nama juga berubah: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.

Cakap ajuk dan cakap pindah tidak dicampurkan: sama ada He said, "I am tired.", atau He said (that) he was tired.

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Kesilapan penutur bahasa Melayu

ditulis untuk bahasa anda
1

told tanpa orang, said dengan orang

✗ She told that she was busy

✗ He said me that he was busy

✓ She said that she was busy

He told me that he was busy. “Memberitahu” boleh digunakan tanpa orang (“dia memberitahu bahawa dia sibuk”). Bahasa Inggeris memilih kata kerja: ada orang selepasnya — told me, tiada — said.

2

he dan she tertukar

✗ Anna said that he was tired

✓ Anna said that she was tired

“Dia” digunakan untuk lelaki dan perempuan, tetapi dalam cakap pindah I menjadi he atau she — mengikut siapa yang bercakap.

3

was yang hilang

✗ He said that he busy

✓ He said that he was busy

“Dia kata dia sibuk” lengkap tanpa kata kerja, tetapi bahasa Inggeris memerlukannya (pelajaran 26), dan dalam cakap pindah selepas said ia ialah was.

Sebutan

3 min

Dalam cakap pindah tekanan jatuh pada isinya, bukan pada kata kerja said/told:

He said he was tired. She told me she worked there.

said /sed/ — pendek, dengan vokal /e/, bukan /eɪ/ dan bukan “sa-id” seperti ejaannya. told /təʊld/ — dengan diftong panjang.

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Teks

3 min

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy and that he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the new system. She told me that it didn't work on her computer. I said I would help her after lunch.

Membaca kuat

Latihan

8–10 min

1. Isian tempat kosong.

  1. He that he was tired
  2. He me that he was tired
  3. She me about the problem
  4. She that the system didn't work
Tunjukkan jawapan
said, told, told, said.

2. Pengesanan kesilapan.

  1. He said me that he was busy.
  2. He said that "I am tired".
  3. She told that she was busy.
Tunjukkan jawapan
He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy.; He said that he was tired. / He said, "I am tired."; She said that she was busy. / She told me that she was busy.

3. Padanan.

  1. "I am tired."
  2. "I work here."
  3. "I will call you."
Tunjukkan jawapan
`"I am tired."` — He said he was tired.; `"I work here."` — He said he worked here.; `"I will call you."` — He said he would call me.

4. Sampaikan semula.

  1. Tom: "I am busy."
  2. Anna: "I work here."
Tunjukkan jawapan
Tom said that he was busy. / Tom said he was busy.; Anna said that she worked here. / Anna said she worked here.
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Rumusan

Telah dipelajari

  • say berbanding tell
  • cakap pindah dengan that
  • mengenali anjakan kala
  • anjakan kata ganti nama

Seterusnya — pelajaran 30: ulang kaji pelajaran 25–29.

Tamat teras

Pelajaran dikira selesai apabila latihan sudah dilakukan. Semua selepas ini adalah pilihan.

Pelajaran 66

pilihan

Kosa kata untuk dek

12 perkataan
  • say /seɪ/ berkata, mengatakan
  • said /sed/ telah berkata
  • tell /tel/ memberitahu, menceritakan kepada seseorang
  • told /təʊld/ telah memberitahu
  • ask /ɑːsk/ bertanya; meminta
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ menolak, enggan
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ menerangkan
  • call back /kɔːl ˈbæk/ menelefon semula
  • busy /ˈbɪzi/ sibuk
  • system /ˈsɪstəm/ sistem
  • mention /ˈmenʃn/ menyebut
  • later /ˈleɪtə/ kemudian, nanti

Penulisan

Empat ayat — sampaikan semula perbualan yang anda alami hari ini.

Contoh

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy. He said he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the system.

Senarai semak

Draf disimpan pada peranti ini
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Latih pelajaran ini dalam bahagian lain

Dikteberdasarkan pelajaran ini Tulis apa yang anda dengar. Semakan tunjukkan setiap perkataan berbeza, dan bagaimana. Tulis dikte Membaca kuatberdasarkan pelajaran ini Baca teks pelajaran dengan kuat — pengecaman pertuturan akan menyerlahkan perkataan yang tidak ditangkap. Baca teks dengan kuat Membaca dan mendengarA1–C1 Teks pada setiap tahap dengan soalan kefahaman; transkrip dibuka selepas anda menjawab. Cuba

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