Gramatika ~21 min ng core ang natitira

Iulat ang sinabi ng iba

Pagkatapos ng araling ito, maaari mong

Kaya kong maintindihan at iulat ang sinabi ng ibang tao.

Simulan ang aralin Pangunahin 19–21 min · hakbang: 6 · opsyonal: +2

Inihayag na oras ng pangunahing bahagi. Dalawa sa mga pangunahing bloke ay walang numero, kaya mas mahaba ang tunay na aralin kaysa sa kabuuan nito.

Gramatika

5 min

Iniuulat ang sinabi ng iba gamit ang dalawang pandiwa, at hindi sila mapagpapalit.

say — sabihin ANO He said that he was tired.
tell — sabihin KANINO He told me that he was tired.

Hindi kumukuha ang say ng tao nang walang pang-ukol: ✗ He said me → ✓ He said to me o He told me.

Puwedeng alisin ang salitang that: He said (that) he was tired — parehong tama.

Sa pag-uulat, umaatras nang isang hakbang ang panahunan:

tuwirang pahayag di-tuwirang pahayag
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work here." She said she worked here.
"I will call you." He said he would call me.

Sa antas na ito, kailangang MAKILALA ang pag-atras, hindi pa ito buuin. Tatalakayin ito nang buo sa B1, kasama ang pag-uulat ng mga tanong at paghiling. Sa ngayon, mahalagang maintindihan na hindi pangnagdaan ang ibig sabihin ng was sa pag-uulat: tungkol sa kasalukuyan ang sinabi ng tao.

Nagbabago rin ang mga panghalip: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.

Hindi pinaghahalo ang sipi at ang pag-uulat: alinman sa He said, "I am tired." o He said (that) he was tired.

Patalastas

Mga mali ng mga nagsasalita ng Filipino

isinulat para sa iyong wika
1

he at she napagpapalit

✗ Anna said that he was tired

✓ Anna said that she was tired

Iisa ang “siya” para sa lalaki at sa babae: “Sabi ni Anna, pagod daw siya”. Sa pag-uulat, nagiging he o she ang I — ayon sa kung sino ang nagsalita. Ito ang pangunahing mali ng aralin.

2

told na walang tao

✗ She told that she was busy

✓ She said that she was busy

o She told me that she was busy. Iisa ang “sinabi” sa “Sinabi niyang abala siya” at sa “Sinabi niya sa akin”. Sa Ingles, kapag may tao pagkatapos ng pandiwa — told me o said to me; kapag wala — said.

3

was na hindi “dati”

“Sabi niya, pagod daw siya” — walang pagbabago ng panahunan sa Tagalog; ang “daw” ang nagpapakitang inuulat ito. Kaya parang “pagod siya dati” ang He said he was tired. Pero “Pagod ako” ang sinabi niya, tungkol sa oras na iyon; ang was ay pag-atras lang pagkatapos ng said.

Pagbigkas

3 min

Sa pag-uulat, nasa nilalaman ang diin, hindi sa pandiwa ng pagsasabi:

He said he was tired. She told me she worked there.

said /sed/ — maikli, may patinig na /e/, hindi /eɪ/: hindi “seyd” gaya ng baybay. told /təʊld/ — may mahabang diptonggong /əʊ/.

Patalastas

Teksto

3 min

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy and that he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the new system. She told me that it didn't work on her computer. I said I would help her after lunch.

Pagbasa nang malakas

Mga pagsasanay

8–10 min

1. Pagpupuno.

  1. He that he was tired
  2. He me that he was tired
  3. She me about the problem
  4. She that the system didn't work
Ipakita ang mga sagot
said, told, told, said.

2. Paghahanap ng mali.

  1. He said me that he was busy.
  2. He said that "I am tired".
  3. She told that she was busy.
Ipakita ang mga sagot
He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy.; He said that he was tired. / He said, "I am tired."; She said that she was busy. / She told me that she was busy.

3. Pagtutugma.

  1. "I am tired."
  2. "I work here."
  3. "I will call you."
Ipakita ang mga sagot
`"I am tired."` — He said he was tired.; `"I work here."` — He said he worked here.; `"I will call you."` — He said he would call me.

4. Pag-uulat.

  1. Tom: "I am busy."
  2. Anna: "I work here."
Ipakita ang mga sagot
Tom said that he was busy. / Tom said he was busy.; Anna said that she worked here. / Anna said she worked here.
Patalastas

Buod

Natalakay

  • ang say laban sa tell
  • ang pag-uulat na may that
  • ang pagkilala sa pag-atras ng panahunan
  • ang pagbabago ng mga panghalip

Susunod — aralin 30: pag-uulit ng mga aralin 25–29.

Dulo ng core

Itinuturing na tapos ang aralin kapag nagawa na ang mga ehersisyo. Lahat pagkatapos nito ay opsyonal.

Aralin 66

opsyonal

Bokabularyo para sa deck

12 salita
  • say /seɪ/ sabihin, magsabi
  • said /sed/ sinabi
  • tell /tel/ sabihan, magkuwento (sa isang tao)
  • told /təʊld/ sinabihan
  • ask /ɑːsk/ magtanong; humiling
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ tumanggi
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ ipaliwanag
  • call back /kɔːl ˈbæk/ tumawag muli
  • busy /ˈbɪzi/ abala
  • system /ˈsɪstəm/ sistema
  • mention /ˈmenʃn/ banggitin
  • later /ˈleɪtə/ mamaya, sa ibang pagkakataon

Pagsulat

Apat na pangungusap — iulat ang isang usapang nangyari sa inyo ngayong araw.

Halimbawa

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy. He said he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the system.

Checklist

Nai-save ang draft sa device na ito
Patalastas

Magsanay sa araling ito sa iba pang mga seksyon

Diktasyonbatay sa araling ito Isulat ang naririnig mo. Ipinapakita ng tsek ang bawat salitang iba, at paano. Isulat ang dikta Pagbasa nang malakasbatay sa araling ito Basahin nang malakas ang teksto ng aralin — itinatampok ng speech recognition ang mga salitang hindi nito nahuli. Basahin nang malakas ang teksto Pagbasa at pakikinigA1–C1 Mga teksto sa bawat antas na may mga tanong sa pag-unawa; bubukas ang transcript pagkatapos mong sagutin. Subukan

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