Gramàtica ~21 min del nucli restant

Transmetre el que ha dit un altre

Després d'aquesta lliçó podràs

Sé entendre i transmetre el que ha dit una altra persona.

Comença la lliçó Nucli 19–21 min · passos: 6 · opcional: +2

Temps declarat del nucli. Dos blocs del nucli no porten cap xifra, per tant la lliçó real és més llarga que aquesta suma.

Gramàtica

5 min

Les paraules d'un altre es transmeten amb dos verbs, i no són intercanviables.

say: dir QUÈ He said that he was tired.
tell: dir A QUI He told me that he was tired.

say no porta la persona sense preposició: ✗ He said me → ✓ He said to me o He told me.

La paraula that es pot ometre: He said (that) he was tired: totes dues opcions són correctes.

A l'estil indirecte el temps verbal fa un pas enrere:

estil directe estil indirecte
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work here." She said she worked here.
"I will call you." He said he would call me.

En català passa el mateix: «estic cansat» → «va dir que estava cansat».

En aquest nivell, el canvi s'ha de saber RECONÈIXER; no cal construir-lo. Es veu a fons al B1, juntament amb les preguntes i les peticions en estil indirecte. Ara el que importa és entendre que aquí was no vol dir passat: la persona parlava del present.

Els pronoms també canvien: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.

L'estil directe i l'indirecte no es barregen: o bé He said, "I am tired.", o bé He said (that) he was tired.

Anunci

Errors dels parlants de català

adaptada al teu idioma
1

said me

«Em va dir que…» → ✗ He said me that… → ✓ He told me that… o He said to me that… Com a l'A1 #29: en català la persona entra amb un pronom («em», «li»), i paraula per paraula surt said me.

2

told sense persona

«Va dir que estava ocupada» → ✗ She told that she was busy → ✓ She said that she was busy o She told me that… Com que «dir» és un sol verb, told acaba servint per a tot; però darrere de told hi ha d'anar la persona.

3

«Explicar» en lloc de tell

«Em va explicar que estava ocupat» → ✗ He explained me that he was busy → ✓ He told me that he was busy. En català «explicar» també vol dir «contar»; explain és només aclarir una cosa difícil. Per transmetre el que t'han dit, told.

Pronunciació

3 min

A l'estil indirecte l'accent cau en el contingut, no en el verb de dir:

He said he was tired. She told me she worked there.

said /sed/: curt, amb la vocal /e/, no /eɪ/ com say ni «ai», com s'escriu. told /təʊld/: amb el diftong llarg /əʊ/.

Anunci

Text

3 min

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy and that he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the new system. She told me that it didn't work on her computer. I said I would help her after lunch.

Exercicis

8–10 min

1. Omplir els buits.

  1. He that he was tired
  2. He me that he was tired
  3. She me about the problem
  4. She that the system didn't work
Mostra les respostes
said, told, told, said.

2. Trobar l'error.

  1. He said me that he was busy.
  2. He said that "I am tired".
  3. She told that she was busy.
Mostra les respostes
He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy.; He said that he was tired. / He said, "I am tired."; She said that she was busy. / She told me that she was busy.

3. Relacionar.

  1. "I am tired."
  2. "I work here."
  3. "I will call you."
Mostra les respostes
`"I am tired."` — He said he was tired.; `"I work here."` — He said he worked here.; `"I will call you."` — He said he would call me.

4. Transmetre-ho.

  1. Tom: "I am busy."
  2. Anna: "I work here."
Mostra les respostes
Tom said that he was busy. / Tom said he was busy.; Anna said that she worked here. / Anna said she worked here.
Anunci

Resum

Après en aquesta lliçó

  • say i tell
  • l'estil indirecte amb that
  • reconèixer el canvi de temps verbal
  • el canvi de pronoms

A continuació, la lliçó 30: repàs de les lliçons 25–29.

Final del nucli

La lliçó es considera feta quan s’han completat els exercicis. Tot el que hi ha després és opcional.

Lliçó 66

opcional

Vocabulari per a la baralla

12 paraules
  • say /seɪ/ dir
  • said /sed/ va dir
  • tell /tel/ dir (a algú), explicar (a algú)
  • told /təʊld/ va dir, va explicar
  • ask /ɑːsk/ preguntar, demanar
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ negar-se
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ explicar
  • call back /kɔːl ˈbæk/ tornar a trucar
  • busy /ˈbɪzi/ ocupat, ocupada
  • system /ˈsɪstəm/ sistema
  • mention /ˈmenʃn/ esmentar
  • later /ˈleɪtə/ més tard

Escriptura

Quatre frases: explica una conversa que has tingut avui.

Model

I called the office this morning. The manager said that he was busy. He said he would call me back at two. My colleague said she had a problem with the system.

Llista de comprovació

L’esborrany es desa en aquest dispositiu
Anunci

Tens una idea per a una funció?

Envia idea
Anunci
Anunci