Topik halus ~47 min daripada teras tinggal

Ulang kaji 5 (pelajaran 25–29)

Mulakan pelajaran Teras 47 min · langkah: 3 · pilihan: +1

Masa teras yang diisytiharkan. Dua blok teras tidak membawa sebarang angka, jadi pelajaran sebenar lebih panjang daripada jumlah ini.

Topik halus

12 min

“Cuaca begitu sejuk sehingga kami tinggal di rumah.” “Hari itu hari yang begitu panjang sehingga saya terus tertidur.” Bahasa Melayu cukup dengan satu perkataan “begitu” untuk kedua-dua ayat, sedangkan bahasa Inggeris mempunyai dua perkataan — so dan such. Pilihan antara keduanya ditentukan bukan oleh makna, tetapi oleh apa yang datang selepasnya.

Bentuk. so + kata adjektif atau kata keterangan; such + kata nama, dengan atau tanpa kata adjektif. Akibatnya disambung dengan that.

It was so cold that we stayed at home. so + kata adjektif
He spoke so quickly that I couldn't follow. so + kata keterangan
It was such a cold day that we stayed at home. such a + kata adjektif + kata nama
They were such nice people that we stayed all evening. such + bentuk jamak
We had such bad weather that we came home early. such + kata nama tidak boleh dikira

Peraturannya dalam satu baris: jika selepas “begitu” ada kata nama — such; jika hanya kata adjektif atau kata keterangan — so. Perkataan Melayu tidak membantu di sini: “begitu sejuk” — so, tetapi “hari yang begitu sejuk” — such, padahal perkataan Melayunya sama. Begitu juga “dia begitu baik” — so: He's so kind. Yang menentukan bukan perkataan Melayu, tetapi sama ada selepasnya ada kata nama Inggeris.

Kata sandang. Dengan kata nama boleh dikira dalam bentuk tunggal a berdiri selepas such: such a nice day, such an interesting book. Sebelum bentuk jamak dan kata nama tidak boleh dikira tiada kata sandang: such nice people, such good news, such bad weather.

so dengan kuantiti. Sebelum much, many, few, little sentiasa so, walaupun selepasnya ada kata nama: There were so many people that we couldn't get in. I had so little time that I took a taxi. Sebabnya, so di sini berdiri di hadapan perkataan kuantiti, bukan di hadapan kata nama. Sebagai ganti so many dan so much dalam percakapan disebut juga such a lot of: There were such a lot of people…

that boleh digugurkan. Dalam percakapan that sering hilang: It was so cold we stayed in. It was such a good film I watched it twice.

Dalam soalan dan ayat nafi peraturannya sama: Why are you so tired? — “Kenapa awak penat sangat?” I've never seen such a beautiful garden. — “Saya tidak pernah melihat taman seindah itu.” Koma sebelum that tidak diletakkan: akibatnya terikat rapat dengan bahagian pertama.

Cara menyebut. so dan such dalam ayat seperti ini bertekanan — seluruh makna bergantung padanya: It was SO cold…, It was SUCH a long day…. Manakala that tidak bertekanan: /ðət/. Jika tekanan itu dibuang, ayat itu kedengaran seperti maklumat biasa tanpa penegasan.

Tanpa akibat — seruan. so dan such juga menguatkan dengan sendirinya, tanpa that: It's so cold today! She's such a nice person! Ini lebih beremosi daripada very: very memberitahu, sedangkan so dan such berseru.

Bandingkan dengan too (A1 #18) dan enough (A2 #13):

It was so cold that we didn't go out. begitu sejuk sehingga… — akibatnya disebut
It was too cold to go out. terlalu sejuk untuk…
It wasn't warm enough to go out. tidak cukup panas untuk…

Maknanya hampir sama, tetapi so … that menceritakan apa yang berlaku, manakala too … to — apa yang tidak dapat dilakukan.

Contoh lain:

The coffee was so hot that I burnt my tongue. Kopi itu begitu panas sehingga lidah saya melecur.
It was such a long journey that we stopped twice. Perjalanan itu begitu jauh sehingga kami berhenti dua kali.
The film was so boring that half the audience left. Filem itu begitu membosankan sehingga separuh penonton keluar.
She speaks such good English that people think she's British. Bahasa Inggerisnya begitu baik sehingga orang menyangka dia orang British.
I was so tired that I fell asleep on the train. Saya begitu penat sehingga tertidur dalam kereta api.

Jangan sebut begini. ✗ It was so cold weather → ✓ It was such cold weather / The weather was so cold. ✗ a such nice day → ✓ such a nice day. ✗ so much people → ✓ so many people.

Uji diri anda. so atau such: It was ___ a good idea? Bagaimana hendak mengatakan “Ada begitu ramai orang sehingga kami tidak dapat masuk”? Apa yang salah dalam It was a such boring film?

tunjukkan jawapan
such; There were so many people that we couldn't get in; a berdiri selepas such: It was such a boring film.
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Latihan untuk pelajaran 25–29

35 min

1. Isian tempat kosong campuran.

  1. Most the people in my street have a car
  2. I've got friends here, so I'm never lonely. (beberapa)
  3. The lecture was really (bore)
  4. She's very good languages
  5. It all depends the weather
  6. Could you speak (slowly), please?
  7. It's (possible) to park here. (dengan awalan nafi)
  8. It was a nice day that we walked home
Tunjukkan jawapan
of; a few / some / several; boring; at; on; more slowly; impossible; such

2. Isikan

  1. It was cold that the lake froze
  2. They're nice people!
  3. There were many cars that we couldn't park
  4. It was an interesting book that I read it in a day
  5. He drove fast that the police stopped him
  6. We had bad weather that the flight was cancelled
Tunjukkan jawapan
so; such; so; such; so; such

3. Pengesanan kesilapan.

  1. Most of students in my group work.
  2. Both of them didn't come.
  3. I was very interesting in the lecture.
  4. We discussed about the plan.
  5. Can you explain me this word?
  6. He speaks well English.
  7. There's a big different between them.
  8. It was so cold weather that we stayed at home.
Tunjukkan jawapan
Most students in my group work / Most of the students in my group work; Neither of them came; I was very interested in the lecture; We discussed the plan; Can you explain this word to me?; He speaks English well; There's a big difference between them; It was such cold weather that we stayed at home / The weather was so cold that we stayed at home

4. Gabungkan

  1. The coffee was very hot. I couldn't drink it.
  2. It was a very long film. I fell asleep.
  3. She spoke very quietly. Nobody heard her.
  4. They were very friendly people. We stayed all evening.
  5. There were a lot of people. We couldn't get in.
Tunjukkan jawapan
The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it / The coffee was so hot I couldn't drink it; It was such a long film that I fell asleep / It was such a long film I fell asleep; She spoke so quietly that nobody heard her / She spoke so quietly nobody heard her; They were such friendly people that we stayed all evening / They were such friendly people we stayed all evening; There were so many people that we couldn't get in / There were such a lot of people that we couldn't get in / There were so many people we couldn't get in

5. Tulis semula

  1. All the students passed. (none)
  2. I was bored by the film. (the film + kata adjektif berakhiran -ing)
  3. I'm waiting for Tom. (soalan dengan who)
  4. The instructions were not clear. (satu perkataan berawalan)
Tunjukkan jawapan
None of the students passed; The film was boring; Who are you waiting for?; The instructions were unclear

6. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris.

1) Kebanyakan rakan sekerja saya tinggal di luar kawasan bandar. 2) Saya bosan kerana kuliah itu sangat panjang. 3) Itu bergantung pada harga. 4) Dia (perempuan) memandu lebih berhati-hati daripada saya. 5) Hari itu hari yang begitu indah sehingga kami tidak mahu pulang.

Tunjukkan jawapan
Most of my colleagues live outside the city / Most of my colleagues live out of town; I was bored because the lecture was very long; It depends on the price; She drives more carefully than me / She drives more carefully than I do; It was such a good day that we didn't want to go home
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Rumusan

Telah dipelajari

  • seluruh pelajaran 25–29 dan so … that
  • such … that

Seterusnya — pelajaran 31: menyatakan bila dan berapa kerap sesuatu akan berlaku.

Tamat teras

Pelajaran dikira selesai apabila latihan sudah dilakukan. Semua selepas ini adalah pilihan.

Pelajaran 103

pilihan

Penghasilan mini

Ceritakan dengan lantang dan tuliskan sepuluh ayat: tentang kumpulan atau pasukan anda; ulasan tentang barang yang baru anda beli; rancangan cuti anda yang akan datang bergantung pada apa; bagaimana anda melakukan sesuatu berbanding dengan orang lain; satu kejadian apabila sesuatu tidak berjalan seperti yang dirancang. Sekurang-kurangnya satu ayat dengan so … that dan satu dengan such … that.

Senarai semak sebelum pelajaran 31:

  • of hanya sebelum the, my, these atau kata ganti nama?
  • selepas none dan neither tiada not, dan neither — hanya tentang dua?
  • -ed — tentang orang, -ing — tentang apa yang menimbulkan perasaan itu?
  • kata sendi nama diambil daripada senarai Inggeris, selepas discuss dan enter tiada kata sendi nama, explain … to me?
  • kata keterangan tidak di antara kata kerja dan objek, yang panjang — dengan more?
  • awalan dan akhiran memberi perkataan yang diperlukan, ejaan di sambungan betul?
  • so sebelum kata adjektif, such a sebelum kata nama?
Draf disimpan pada peranti ini
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