Mahirap na paksa ~47 min ng core ang natitira

Pag-uulit 5 (mga aralin 25–29)

Simulan ang aralin Pangunahin 47 min · hakbang: 3 · opsyonal: +1

Inihayag na oras ng pangunahing bahagi. Dalawa sa mga pangunahing bloke ay walang numero, kaya mas mahaba ang tunay na aralin kaysa sa kabuuan nito.

Mahirap na paksa

12 min

“Sobrang lamig kaya nanatili kami sa bahay.” “Napakahabang araw iyon kaya nakatulog agad ako.” Sa Tagalog, iisang “sobrang” o “napaka-” ang ginagamit sa dalawa — sa “sobrang lamig” at sa “sobrang lamig na araw”. Sa Ingles, dalawang salita ang tumutugma sa mga ito — so at such. Hindi ang kahulugan ang nagpapasya kung alin sa dalawa, kundi ang kasunod.

Anyo. so + pang-uri o pang-abay; such + pangngalan, may pang-uri man o wala. Ikinakabit ang kinahinatnan gamit ang that.

It was so cold that we stayed at home. so + pang-uri
He spoke so quickly that I couldn't follow. so + pang-abay
It was such a cold day that we stayed at home. such a + pang-uri + pangngalan
They were such nice people that we stayed all evening. such + maramihan
We had such bad weather that we came home early. such + di-mabilang

Ang tuntunin sa isang linya: kung may pangngalan pagkatapos ng “sobrang” o “napaka-” — such; kung pang-uri o pang-abay lang — so. Hindi makakatulong dito ang Tagalog: “napakabait niya” at “napakabait na tao” — parehong “napaka-”. Tingnan lang ang kasunod sa Ingles: “napakabait niya” — He's so kind. Hindi ang salitang Tagalog ang nagpapasya, kundi kung may pangngalang Ingles pagkatapos nito.

Pantukoy. Kasama ng isahang pangngalang nabibilang, ang a ay nasa pagkatapos ng such: such a nice day, such an interesting book. Walang pantukoy bago ang maramihan at di-mabilang: such nice people, such good news, such bad weather.

so kasama ng dami. Bago ang much, many, few, little — laging so, kahit pangngalan ang kasunod: There were so many people that we couldn't get in. I had so little time that I took a taxi. Ang dahilan: dito, nasa harap ng salitang nagsasaad ng dami ang so, hindi ng pangngalan. Sa halip na so many at so much, sinasabi rin sa usapan ang such a lot of: There were such a lot of people…

Puwedeng alisin ang that. Sa usapan, madalas nawawala ang that: It was so cold we stayed in. It was such a good film I watched it twice.

Sa tanong at sa negatibo, pareho ang tuntunin: Why are you so tired? — “Bakit pagod na pagod ka?” I've never seen such a beautiful garden. — “Hindi pa ako nakakita ng ganoon kagandang hardin”. Walang kuwit bago ang that: mahigpit na nakakabit ang kinahinatnan sa unang bahagi.

Paano bigkasin. May diin ang so at such sa mga pangungusap na ito — sila ang nagdadala ng buong ideya: It was SO cold…, It was SUCH a long day…. Walang diin naman ang that: /ðət/. Kung aalisin ang diin, tutunog ang pangungusap na parang simpleng pag-uulat lang, walang pagdiriin.

Walang kinahinatnan — padamdam. Nagpapalakas din ang so at such nang mag-isa, nang walang that: It's so cold today! She's such a nice person! Mas emosyonal ito kaysa sa very: nag-uulat ang very, at bumubulalas ang so at such.

Ihambing sa too (A1 #18) at enough (A2 #13):

It was so cold that we didn't go out. sobrang lamig kaya… — sinasabi ang kinahinatnan
It was too cold to go out. masyadong malamig para…
It wasn't warm enough to go out. hindi sapat ang init para…

Magkalapit ang kahulugan, pero ikinukuwento ng so … that ang nangyari, at ng too … to — ang hindi nagawa.

Iba pang halimbawa:

The coffee was so hot that I burnt my tongue. Sobrang init ng kape kaya napaso ang dila ko.
It was such a long journey that we stopped twice. Napakahaba ng biyahe kaya dalawang beses kaming huminto.
The film was so boring that half the audience left. Sobrang nakakainip ang pelikula kaya umalis ang kalahati ng mga manonood.
She speaks such good English that people think she's British. Napakahusay niyang mag-Ingles kaya inaakala ng mga tao na British siya.
I was so tired that I fell asleep on the train. Pagod na pagod ako kaya nakatulog ako sa tren.

Hindi ganito ang sinasabi. ✗ It was so cold weather → ✓ It was such cold weather / The weather was so cold. ✗ a such nice day → ✓ such a nice day. ✗ so much people → ✓ so many people.

Subukin ang sarili. so o such: It was ___ a good idea? Paano sasabihin ang “Sobrang dami ng tao kaya hindi kami nakapasok”? Ano ang mali sa It was a such boring film?

ipakita ang mga sagot
such; There were so many people that we couldn't get in; nasa pagkatapos ng such ang a: It was such a boring film.
Patalastas

Mga pagsasanay para sa mga aralin 25–29

35 min

1. Halo-halong pagpupuno.

  1. Most the people in my street have a car
  2. I've got friends here, so I'm never lonely. (ilan)
  3. The lecture was really (bore)
  4. She's very good languages
  5. It all depends the weather
  6. Could you speak (slowly), please?
  7. It's (possible) to park here. (may negatibong unlapi)
  8. It was a nice day that we walked home
Ipakita ang mga sagot
of; a few / some / several; boring; at; on; more slowly; impossible; such

2. Ilagay

  1. It was cold that the lake froze
  2. They're nice people!
  3. There were many cars that we couldn't park
  4. It was an interesting book that I read it in a day
  5. He drove fast that the police stopped him
  6. We had bad weather that the flight was cancelled
Ipakita ang mga sagot
so; such; so; such; so; such

3. Paghahanap ng mali.

  1. Most of students in my group work.
  2. Both of them didn't come.
  3. I was very interesting in the lecture.
  4. We discussed about the plan.
  5. Can you explain me this word?
  6. He speaks well English.
  7. There's a big different between them.
  8. It was so cold weather that we stayed at home.
Ipakita ang mga sagot
Most students in my group work / Most of the students in my group work; Neither of them came; I was very interested in the lecture; We discussed the plan; Can you explain this word to me?; He speaks English well; There's a big difference between them; It was such cold weather that we stayed at home / The weather was so cold that we stayed at home

4. Pagsamahin

  1. The coffee was very hot. I couldn't drink it.
  2. It was a very long film. I fell asleep.
  3. She spoke very quietly. Nobody heard her.
  4. They were very friendly people. We stayed all evening.
  5. There were a lot of people. We couldn't get in.
Ipakita ang mga sagot
The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it / The coffee was so hot I couldn't drink it; It was such a long film that I fell asleep / It was such a long film I fell asleep; She spoke so quietly that nobody heard her / She spoke so quietly nobody heard her; They were such friendly people that we stayed all evening / They were such friendly people we stayed all evening; There were so many people that we couldn't get in / There were such a lot of people that we couldn't get in / There were so many people we couldn't get in

5. Isulat muli

  1. All the students passed. (none)
  2. I was bored by the film. (the film + pang-uring may -ing)
  3. I'm waiting for Tom. (tanong na may who)
  4. The instructions were not clear. (isang salitang may unlapi)
Ipakita ang mga sagot
None of the students passed; The film was boring; Who are you waiting for?; The instructions were unclear

6. Isalin sa Ingles.

1) Nakatira sa labas ng lungsod ang karamihan sa mga kasamahan ko sa trabaho. 2) Nainip ako dahil napakahaba ng lektyur. 3) Nakadepende ito sa presyo. 4) Mas maingat siyang magmaneho kaysa sa akin. (babae) 5) Napakagandang araw iyon kaya ayaw na naming umuwi.

Ipakita ang mga sagot
Most of my colleagues live outside the city / Most of my colleagues live out of town; I was bored because the lecture was very long; It depends on the price; She drives more carefully than me / She drives more carefully than I do; It was such a good day that we didn't want to go home
Patalastas

Buod

Natalakay

  • ang buong mga aralin 25–29 at so … that
  • such … that

Susunod — aralin 31: sabihin kung kailan at gaano kadalas ito mangyayari.

Dulo ng core

Itinuturing na tapos ang aralin kapag nagawa na ang mga ehersisyo. Lahat pagkatapos nito ay opsyonal.

Aralin 103

opsyonal

Mini-produksiyon

Ikuwento nang malakas at isulat din ito — sampung pangungusap: tungkol sa inyong grupo o mga kasamahan sa trabaho; review ng isang bagay na binili ninyo kamakailan; kung saan nakasalalay ang mga plano ninyo sa tag-araw; kung paano ninyo ginagawa ang isang bagay kumpara sa iba; isang pagkakataong may nangyaring mali. Kahit isang pangungusap na may so … that at isa na may such … that.

Checklist bago ang aralin 31:

  • of ba ay bago lang ang the, my, these o panghalip?
  • walang not ba pagkatapos ng none at neither (at hindi both … not), at neither ba ay tungkol lang sa dalawa?
  • -ed — tungkol sa tao, -ing — tungkol sa nagdudulot ng damdamin?
  • pang-ukol ba mula sa listahang Ingles, walang pang-ukol pagkatapos ng discuss at enter, explain … to me?
  • hindi ba nakasingit ang pang-abay sa pagitan ng pandiwa at layon, at ang mahahaba — gamit ang more?
  • tamang salita ba ang nabubuo ng unlapi at hulapi, at tama ba ang pagsulat sa dugtungan?
  • so bago ang pang-uri, such a bago ang pangngalan?
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Patalastas

Magsanay sa araling ito sa iba pang mga seksyon

Diktasyonbatay sa araling ito Isulat ang naririnig mo. Ipinapakita ng tsek ang bawat salitang iba, at paano. Isulat ang dikta Pagbasa nang malakasbatay sa araling ito Basahin nang malakas ang teksto ng aralin — itinatampok ng speech recognition ang mga salitang hindi nito nahuli. Basahin nang malakas ang teksto Pagbasa at pakikinigA1–C1 Mga teksto sa bawat antas na may mga tanong sa pag-unawa; bubukas ang transcript pagkatapos mong sagutin. Subukan

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