Gramatika ~21 min od osnove preostalo

Iznajmiti stan

Nakon ove lekcije možete

Mogu da razumem oglas za stan i da kažem šta je i kada urađeno, a da ne navedem ko je to uradio.

Započni lekciju Jezgro 19–21 min · koraci: 6 · opciono: +2

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Gramatika

5 min

Kada nije važno KO je nešto uradio, nego ŠTA je urađeno, engleski koristi be + treći oblik glagola.

The flat is furnished. Stan je namešten.
Breakfast is included. Doručak je uključen.
This house was built in 1890. Ova kuća je sagrađena 1890. godine.
I was born in Belgrade. Rođen sam u Beogradu.

Treći oblik je isti kao u Present Perfectu (lekcije 1 i 3). Vreme nosi be: is — sada, was — u prošlosti.

Ovde to nije sistem, nego skup čestih oblika. Pasiv se u celini obrađuje na nivou B1; sada je dovoljno prepoznati i koristiti gotove izraze:

is made in… proizvedeno u…
is called… zove se…
is included uključeno
is closed / is open zatvoreno / otvoreno
was built sagrađeno
was born rođen je, rodio se

I was born, a ne I born — to je najčešći od ovih izraza i u njemu se najčešće greši.

Ko je to uradio — preko by, a to se retko kaže: This book was written by my friend.

Oglas

Greške govornika srpskog jezika

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

am / is umesto was

✗ I am born in 1990

✗ When are you born?

✗ The house is built in 1975

✓ I was born in 1990

When were you born?, The house was built in 1975. U „rođen sam“, „kad si rođen?“, „kuća je sagrađena“ stoji sadašnje „sam“, „si“, „je“, iako je reč o prošlosti, pa se prevede kao am, are, is. U engleskom vreme pokazuje be: za prošlost — was, were. A ko pođe od „rodio sam se“, izgubi be sasvim: ✗ I born.

2

Godina bez in

✗ I was born 1990

✗ The house was built 1975

✓ I was born in 1990

The house was built in 1975. U srpskom ispred godine obično nema predloga („rođen 1990.“, „sagrađena 1975. godine“), a u engleskom godina traži in.

3

„Kako se to zove?“ — to nije how

✗ How is this called in English?

✓ What is this called in English?

Srpsko „kako“ povlači How, ali za ime engleski pita sa What — ista zamka kao How is your name? u lekciji A1 #1.

Izgovor

3 min

was i is su u pasivu nenaglašeni — /wəz/, /ɪz/. Naglasak pada na treći oblik: It was built in 1890, Breakfast is included.

Zato se na sluh Breakfast's included i oglas Breakfast included razlikuju samo jednim glasom /s/ — slušaj reč koja nosi značenje i smisao, a ne pomoćni glagol.

Oglas

Tekst

3 min

The flat is on the third floor. It is furnished and all bills are included. The house was built in 1975, but the kitchen was renovated last year. The rooms are painted white. Pets aren't allowed. — When were you born? — I was born in 1990, in Belgrade.

Čitanje naglas

Vežbe

8–10 min

1. Popunjavanje.

  1. Breakfast (include) in the price
  2. The house (build) in 1975
  3. Pets (not / allow)
  4. I (born) in Belgrade
Prikaži odgovore
is included, was built, aren't allowed, was born.

2. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. I born in 1990.
  2. It was build in 1890.
  3. The flat has furnished.
Prikaži odgovore
I was born in 1990. / It was built in 1890. / The flat is furnished.

3. Povezivanje.

  1. is included
  2. is called
  3. was built
  4. is closed
Prikaži odgovore
`is included` — uključeno; `is called` — zove se; `was built` — sagrađeno; `is closed` — zatvoreno.

4. Transformacija.

  1. They built this house in 1975.
  2. They don't allow pets.
Prikaži odgovore
This house was built in 1975. / Pets aren't allowed.
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno

  • be + treći oblik u gotovim izrazima
  • was born
  • by za onoga ko je to uradio

Sledi lekcija 20: iskustvo na razgovoru za posao.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 56

opciono

Reči za špil

13 reči
  • furnished /ˈfɜːnɪʃt/ namešten
  • included /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/ uključeno
  • allowed /əˈlaʊd/ dozvoljeno
  • built /bɪlt/ sagrađen
  • born /bɔːn/ rođen
  • renovate /ˈrenəveɪt/ renovirati (stan, kuhinju)
  • paint /peɪnt/ farbati, krečiti
  • bills /bɪlz/ računi (struja, voda…)
  • rent /rent/ kirija; iznajmiti
  • owner /ˈəʊnə/ vlasnik
  • deposit /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ depozit
  • per month /pə ˈmʌnθ/ mesečno
  • available /əˈveɪləbl/ dostupan, slobodan

Pisanje

Četiri rečenice — oglas za stan.

Primer

The flat is on the third floor. It is furnished and all bills are included. The house was built in 1975. Pets aren't allowed.

Kontrolna lista

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Oglas

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Diktatna osnovu ove lekcije Zapišite ono što čujete. Provera pokazuje svaku reč koja se razlikuje i kako. Pišite diktat Čitanje naglasna osnovu ove lekcije Pročitajte tekst lekcije naglas — prepoznavanje govora ističe reči koje nije uhvatilo. Čitajte tekst naglas Čitanje i slušanjeA1–C1 Tekstovi na svakom nivou sa pitanjima za razumevanje; transkript se otvara nakon odgovora. Probajte

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