描述一群人
能准确地说出一群人或一组东西里有多少在做某事。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
15 分钟在 A2 第13课，你学了说某样东西有多少：a lot of work，a few days，not much time。现在问题不一样了—— 说的是一群人里的哪一部分。“我的同事大多数”“我们中间谁也不”“兄弟两个都”“两个办法哪个都不”“一半的票”。汉语里这样的词直接放在名词前面，或者放在“……中”“……里”后面。英语里每个表示部分的词都有两种用法，在两者之间做出选择是本课最重要的规则。
表示部分的词。 从“全部”到“一个也没有”：
| 词 | 部分 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| all | 所有的，全部 | All of my friends came to the party. |
| most | 大多数 | Most of the guests left before midnight. |
| half | 一半 | Half of the tickets have already gone. |
| many | 很多 | Many of my colleagues live outside London. |
| some | 有些，一部分 | Some of them work at weekends. |
| a few | 几个 | A few of us stayed to help. |
| none | 一个也没有，谁也不，什么也没有 | None of the shops were open. |
说两个人或两样东西的时候，另有三个词：
| 词 | 部分 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| both | 两个都 | Both of my parents are teachers. |
| either | 两个中的任何一个 | Either of these days is fine for me. |
| neither | 两个都不 | Neither of the answers is right. |
什么时候要用 of。 表示部分的词可以直接放在名词前面：most people，some students，all children。这样说的是一般的人和东西——世界上“大多数人”，“所有的孩子”。如果说的是具体的、已知的一群——the students，my friends，these books，us，them——表示部分的词和这群人之间就要加 of：
| 泛指——不用 of | 具体的一群——用 of |
|---|---|
| Most people like holidays. | Most of the people in my street have a car. |
| Some students work at night. | Some of my students work at night. |
| All children need sleep. | All of us were tired. |
| No shops are open on Christmas Day. | None of the shops were open. |
为什么这样：of 的意思是“……当中的”。“我们说的那些学生当中的大多数”——most of the students。如果没有具体的一群，就没有“当中”可说，也就不用 of。由此可以检查：of 后面一定要有 the、my、these、 those 或者代词。没有这些词，就不需要 of。
和代词连用时总是要 of：all of us，both of them，none of it，most of you。
all、both 和 half 有一点自由：在 the 和 my 前面可以省掉 of。all the students = all of the students，both my parents = both of my parents，half the class。别的词不能这样：只能说 most of the students，some of my friends。
all 和 both 放在主语后面。 这两个词也能放在句子中间——和频率副词（A1 第11课）的位置一样：放在实义动词前面，但放在 be 和助动词后面。We all agreed.——“我们都同意了。”My parents are both teachers.——“我父母两个都是老师。”The guests have all gone home.
none 和 no。 no 直接放在名词前面：No students came. none 放在 of 前面，或者单独用来回答： None of the students came. — How many tickets are left? — None. 这两个词本身就带有否定，所以后面的动词用肯定形式：None of them came。汉语说“他们谁也没来”，否定词“没”放在动词前面；英语的否定已经在 none 里了，只出现一次。这和 neither … nor（第6课）、nobody（A2 第14课）的规律一样。
两个还是更多。 both、either、neither 只说两个。如果人或东西有三个或者更多，要用 all、any、 none：None of my three brothers lives here，不用 neither。either 和 neither 不带 of 时，后面用单数：either day，neither answer。带 of 时用复数：neither of the answers。
not … either 和 neither 意思一样，口语里听起来更自然：I don't like either of them = I like neither of them——“两个我都不喜欢”。
neither 你已经见过两种用法：neither … nor（第6课）和 Neither do I（第20课）。这里是第三种用法—— “两个都不”。
a few 和 few，a little 和 little。 冠词把评价完全反过来。a few（和可数名词连用）和 a little（和不可数名词连用）——“几个”“一点儿”，而且够用。不带 a，同样的词意思是“很少”“几乎没有”，这是不好的事。
| I've got a few friends in Leeds, so I'm never lonely. | 有几个——这是好事 |
| I've got few friends in Leeds, so I'm often lonely. | 很少——抱怨 |
| We've got a little time — let's have a coffee. | 不多，但是有 |
| We've got little time — hurry up. | 几乎没有 |
口语里不带冠词的 few 和 little 听起来很书面。人们一般说 not many、not much 或者 only a few： I haven't got many friends here. 而 quite a few 意思正相反，是“相当多”：Quite a few of my colleagues cycle to work.
动词。 在 most of、some of、all of、half of 后面，动词的单复数看 of 后面的名词：Most of the students are here，可是 Most of the money was spent。如果 of 后面是表示一群人的词——class、 team、family——英式英语里单数复数都对：Half of the class has been to Spain（把班看成一个整体）和 Half of the class have been to Spain（指班里的人）。在 none of、neither of 和 either of 后面，两种都对：None of us is perfect 和 None of us are perfect，Neither of them knows 和 Neither of them know。单数听起来更严谨，正式的书面语选它；口语里一般用复数。两种说法都不算错。
更多例子：
| Most of my colleagues come to work by train. | 我的同事大多数坐火车上班。 |
| Some of the questions were really difficult. | 有些问题真的很难。 |
| Half of the class have been to Spain. | 班里一半的人去过西班牙。 |
| None of us knew the answer. | 我们谁也不知道答案。 |
| Both of my sisters live abroad. | 我的两个姐妹都住在国外。 |
| Monday or Tuesday? Either day is fine. | 星期一还是星期二？哪天都行。 |
不能这样说。 ✗ all us，✗ both they → ✓ all of us，both of them。✗ most the students → ✓ most of the students。
自我检测。 “我的朋友大多数住在伦敦”怎么说？I have a few friends here 和 I have few friends here 有什么区别？“两个答案都不对”怎么说？
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中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写most of 后面直接跟名词。
✗ Most of students work
✓ Most students work
（泛指的学生）或者 Most of the students in my group work（具体的学生）。汉语“大多数学生”两种意思都能表示，于是 most of 被当成一个整体，等于“大多数”。可是英语的 of 后面一定要有 the、my 或者代词。
用 the most 表示“大多数”。
✗ The most of people prefer tea
✓ Most people prefer tea
。 the most 是最高级（A2 第8课）：the most expensive——“最贵的”。“大多数”里有个“多”，很容易想到“最多”，于是加上了 the。
“都没……”说成 all … not。
想说“我的朋友都没来”，说成 All of my friends didn't come，英语听起来更像“不是所有的朋友都来了”。全部否定用 none：✓ None of my friends came。说两个人用 neither：✓ Neither of us knew。none 本身就是否定，所以不能再加 not：✗ None of them didn't come → ✓ None of them came。
丢了 a few 里的 a。
I have few friends here 想说“我在这儿有几个朋友”——句子没有错，可是意思是 “朋友很少”，是在抱怨孤单。汉语“几个”和“很少”是两个不同的词，英语的区别只在一个短短的冠词上，而冠词正是说汉语的人最容易丢掉的。
发音
4 分钟这些短语里的 of 不重读——读 /əv/，在辅音前常常只读 /ə/。重音落在表示部分的词和名词上：MOST of the STUdents /ˈməʊst əv ðə ˈstjuːdnts/，SOME of them /ˈsʌm əv ðəm/。all of us 连成一个词：/ˈɔːl əv əs/。
a few 里的 a 不要吞掉。 /ə ˈfjuː/ 和 /fjuː/：一个弱读的音就把“几个”和“很少”区分开了。a little /ə ˈlɪtl/ 也一样。
none 和 one、sun 押韵： /nʌn/，不要读成 /nɒn/。both 读 /bəʊθ/，结尾是 /θ/，和 think 一样。 either 和 neither 有两种读法（第6课）：/ˈaɪðə/ 或者 /ˈiːðə/，/ˈnaɪðə/ 或者 /ˈniːðə/。
half 里的 l 不发音： /hɑːf/，和 calm、walk 一样。
课文
5 分钟There are twelve of us in our Tuesday evening Spanish class, and last week our teacher gave us a short survey about our lives. Here are the results.
Most of us work full-time, and a few work part-time. None of us are students any more — the youngest person in the group is twenty-nine. Half of the class have been to Spain at least once, but only two people have lived there: Paul and Ruth. Both of them spent a year in Madrid, and neither of them wants to go back to an office job.
All of us have busy evenings, so homework is a problem. Some people do it on the train in the morning, and some hardly do it at all. Few of us practise speaking outside the class, and that's the biggest weakness of the group. We have a little time before the exam in June, so our teacher has a plan: every week, two of us are going to meet for a coffee and speak only Spanish. We'll meet on Mondays or Wednesdays — either day is fine for most people.
I asked my partner, Jenny, if she was nervous about the exam. "Not really," she said. "Most exams are easier than people think. And all of my friends who took it last year passed."
练习
30 分钟1. 填空。
- Most people in my street have a car
- Most the people I work with live outside London
- All us were tired after the trip
- Some children are afraid of the dark
- None my friends could come to the party
- Both them speak French
- Many students work part-time
- Some my colleagues work from home on Fridays
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2. 填入
- I've got friends in this town, so I'm never lonely
- Hurry up — we have very time
- Could I have milk in my tea, please?
- It's a difficult book, and people finish it
- The last train has gone, so there's hope of getting home tonight
- We stayed in Rome for days and then went to Florence
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3. 用括号里的词改写。
- All the students passed the exam. (none)
- My two sisters live abroad. (both)
- My two sisters don't drive. (neither)
- I don't have any friends who speak German. (none)
- Nearly all my colleagues come to work by train. (most)
- We were all late. (all of)
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4. 找出错误并改正。
- Most of students in my group work.
- The most of people prefer tea.
- None of them didn't come to the meeting.
- All us have to hand in the project on Friday.
- Neither of my three brothers lives here.
- I have few friends here, so I'm never lonely.
- None students passed the exam.
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5. 译成英语。
1) 我的同事大多数住在城外。 2) 我们谁也不知道答案。 3) 我父母两个都是老师。 4) 两家酒店我们都不喜欢。 5) 我们还有一点儿时间——去喝杯咖啡吧。 6) 一半的票已经卖出去了。
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6. 用完整的句子回答
——说说你的同事、同学或者邻居。下面的答案是范例。 1) How many of your colleagues or classmates work from home? 2) Do any of your friends live abroad? 3) How many of your neighbours do you know by name?
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小结
本课已学：从 all 到 none 表示部分的词，of 的规则（泛指——具体的一群），all of us 和 we all， none 和 no，说两个时用的三个词——both、either、neither，a few 和 few，a little 和 little，动词的单复数。下一课——第26课：描述东西，写评价。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
16 词- most /məʊst/ 大多数
- half /hɑːf/ 一半
- none /nʌn/ 一个也没有，谁也不
- both /bəʊθ/ 两个都
- either of /ˈaɪðər əv/ 两个中的任何一个
- neither of /ˈnaɪðər əv/ 两个都不
- a few /ə ˈfjuː/ 几个，一些
- few /fjuː/ 很少，几乎没有
- quite a few /ˌkwaɪt ə ˈfjuː/ 相当多
- survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ 调查，问卷
- result /rɪˈzʌlt/ 结果
- full-time /ˌfʊl ˈtaɪm/ 全职的
- part-time /ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/ 兼职的
- weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ 弱点
- at least /ət ˈliːst/ 至少
- lonely /ˈləʊnli/ 孤单的，寂寞的
写作
写六个句子，说说你很熟悉的一群人：同事、同学、家人。至少用五个不同的表示部分的词，其中一个说两个人。
范例： There are fifteen people in my team at work. Most of us live in the city, but a few of my colleagues come in from the countryside. Half of the team have children. None of us are older than fifty. Both of our managers speak French, and neither of them drives to work. Few of us take a proper lunch break — we're always too busy.
检查清单：of 只放在 the、my 或者代词前面吗？neither 只说两个吗？none 和 neither 后面没有 not 吧？够用的时候用 a few，很少的时候用 few 吗？