Slovnica ~59 min jedra še preostane

Prikazati spremembo in primerjati

Po tej lekciji znate

Znam povedati ne le, da je nekaj večje, ampak tudi za koliko, in opisati spremembo.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 59 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

18 min

Na A2 #7 si se naučil primerjati: cheaper than, more expensive than, as … as. Tam je bilo tudi much cheaper — „veliko cenejši“. Na B1 #28 se je isto pojavilo pri prislovih: more carefully. Zdaj bo primerjava natančna. Povedal boš, za koliko je eno večje od drugega, kolikokrat, kako se nekaj spreminja s časom in kako ena sprememba potegne za seboj drugo.

Za koliko: beseda pred primernikom.

za koliko besede primer
veliko much, far, a lot This flat is much bigger. The train is far more comfortable.
malo a bit, a little, slightly It's a bit colder today. Prices are slightly higher.
še (bolj, kot že je) even It was cold yesterday, but today it's even colder.

a lot in a bit sta pogovorna, far in slightly nevtralna, pišejo ju tudi v poročilih. much je primeren povsod. even pomeni, da je že prvo takšno: Tom is tall, but his brother is even taller. — „Tom je visok, brat pa je še višji.“

very se s primernikom ne veže: ✗ very cheaper → ✓ much cheaper. very krepi lastnost samo po sebi (very cheap), razliko med dvema stvarema pa merita much in far.

Iste besede delujejo s prislovi (She drives much more carefully than me) in z more, less pred samostalnikom: far more money, a lot less time. S števnimi samostalniki v množini namesto much more rečemo many more ali far more: There were many more people than last year.

Kako zelo podobno: beseda pred as … as.

The new phone is just as good as the old one. prav nič slabši, povsem enak
My flat is nearly as big as yours. skoraj enako velik
The film isn't nearly as good as the book. še zdaleč ne tako dober

Kolikokrat: večkratnik. Slovensko „dvakrat dražji“, „trikrat večji“. V angleščini število krat postavimo pred as … as:

Her flat is twice as expensive as mine. dvakrat dražje
The new bridge is three times as long as the old one. trikrat daljši
The train takes half as long as the bus. pol manj časa
This phone is half the price of that one. za polovico cenejši
They earn twice as much as we do. zaslužijo dvakrat več

„Dvakrat“ je twice, ne ✗ two times; naprej three times, four times. „Za polovico manjši, cenejši, krajši“ je najlaže povedati s half: half the price, half the size, half as long. Slišal boš tudi three times more expensive than — tudi tako se reče, zlasti v novicah. A three times as expensive as je zanesljivejše: razumejo ga enoznačno.

Sprememba: primernik dvakrat. „Vedno bolj mrzlo“, „vse dražje“ — primernik, and in še enkrat isti primernik. Navadno z get ali become:

It's getting colder and colder. Vedno bolj je mrzlo.
The days are getting longer and longer. Dnevi so vedno daljši.
Flats are getting more and more expensive. Stanovanja so vedno dražja.
I'm getting better and better at it. Gre mi vedno bolje.
We see each other less and less. Vidiva se vedno redkeje.

Pri dolgih pridevnikih se ponovi samo more: more and more expensive, ne ✗ more expensive and more expensive.

Eno se spreminja skupaj z drugim: the …, the …. „Čim več…, tem bolje.“ Oba dela se začneta s the in primernikom, osebek in glagol pa prideta za njima:

The more I practise, the better I speak. Čim več vadim, tem bolje govorim.
The longer we waited, the angrier he got. Dlje ko smo čakali, bolj je bil jezen.
The older I get, the less I sleep. Starejši ko sem, manj spim.
The sooner we leave, the sooner we'll get there. Prej ko gremo, prej bomo tam.

Primernik gre na začetek skupaj s svojo besedo: The more tired you are, the more mistakes you make — tired in mistakes stojita takoj za more. Kratke formule shajajo brez glagola: The sooner, the better. — „Čim prej, tem bolje.“ The bigger, the better. Med deloma je vejica.

Sprememba v številkah: by. Da poveš, za koliko je nekaj zraslo ali padlo, potrebuješ predlog by: Prices have gone up by ten per cent. — „Cene so se zvišale za deset odstotkov.“ The number of visitors fell by half. — „Število obiskovalcev se je zmanjšalo za polovico.“ Raven, do katere je prišlo, — to: The price rose to five pounds. — „Cena se je zvišala na pet funtov.“ Glagoli: navzgor — go up, rise (B1 #13), increase; navzdol — go down, fall, drop.

Še primeri:

The second exam was a lot easier. Drugi izpit je bil veliko lažji.
Could you speak a little more slowly? Bi lahko govorili malo počasneje?
It's by far the best café in town. To je brez dvoma najboljša kavarna v mestu.

by far krepi presežnik: „nedvomno, z veliko prednostjo“.

Tako se ne reče. ✗ much more better → ✓ much better. Primernik se tvori na en način: ali z -er ali z more (A2 #7), much pa stoji pred že narejeno obliko.

Preveri se. Kako se reče „malo dražji“? Kako se po angleško reče „za polovico cenejši“? Iz I read more in I understand more sestavi eno poved s the …, the ….

prikaži odgovore
a bit more expensive ali slightly more expensive; half the price (ali half as expensive); The more I read, the more I understand.
Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

„Dvakrat večji“ besedo za besedo

✗ twice bigger, ✗ two times bigger, ✗ half cheaper → ✓ twice as big, ✓ half the price. Slovenščina postavi število krat ali „pol“ naravnost pred primernik — „dvakrat večji“, „pol cenejši“ — in tako se tudi prevaja. Angleščina ima twice as … as, za polovico pa half.

2

the …, the … brez the ali z napačnim redom

✗ More I practise, better I speak → ✓ The more I practise, the better I speak. ✗ The more you are tired… → ✓ The more tired you are… Slovenski „čim…, tem…“ nima členov, zato se zdita angleška the odveč. Brez njiju zveze ni. In kot v „čim bolj si utrujen“ se more odtrga od pridevnika, ki pa mora stati takoj za njim.

3

more and more s kratkim pridevnikom

✗ more and more cold

✓ colder and colder

Slovensko „vedno bolj mrzlo“ ima „bolj“ in osnovnik, in to preide v angleščino. Pri kratkem pridevniku pa se ponovi oblika na -er, more samo pri dolgem: more and more expensive.

4

„Za deset odstotkov“ s for

✗ Prices went up for ten per cent

✓ Prices went up by ten per cent

Slovenski „za“ se navadno prevaja s for, razliko v številkah pa angleščina pove z by.

Izgovorjava

4 min

Naglas je na krepilni besedi in na primerniku:

It's much cheaper. It's even colder.

Če želiš poudariti, kako velika je razlika, gre glas ravno na much, far, even.

V the …, the … sta naglašeni obe primerjalni besedi. Prvi del se konča z dvigom glasu, drugi s padcem:

The more I practise ↗, the better I speak ↘.

Šibke oblike: as v twice as big as zveni /əz/, than — /ðən/: twice as big as mine /ˈtwaɪs əz ˈbɪɡ əz ˈmaɪn/. Naglas je na twice in na pridevniku.

Besede lekcije: twice /twaɪs/ — nezveneči /s/ na koncu; slightly /ˈslaɪtli/; even /ˈiːvn/ — drugi zlog skoraj brez samoglasnika; per cent /pə ˈsent/ — naglas na cent.

Oglas

Besedilo

5 min

Two years ago we moved from the centre of Bristol to a village about twenty miles away. Was it the right decision? Here's an honest comparison.

Our new house is much bigger than our old flat — almost twice as big — and the rent is slightly lower. The garden is the best thing: the children play outside far more often than before, and they're much healthier.

The journey to work is the worst thing. It used to take me fifteen minutes; now it takes nearly an hour, four times as long. The trains are getting more and more crowded, and tickets are getting more and more expensive: this year the price went up by eight per cent.

Shopping is a bit more difficult, too. The village shop is nearly as expensive as a petrol station, so we drive to the supermarket once a week.

But life here is far quieter, and that matters to us more and more. Our friends in the city say the village is too far from everything. Maybe. But the longer we live here, the more we like it. And the older I get, the less I want to live with noise.

Branje na glas

Vaje

32 min

1. Vstavi

  1. The train is faster than the bus — about two hours faster
  2. It's colder today than yesterday, but not much
  3. Yesterday was hot, but today is hotter
  4. This bag costs £40, and that one costs £80. That one is as expensive
  5. It isn't as good as the first film — it's much worse
  6. In the sale, everything is the price — we paid £20 instead of £40
  7. Prices have gone up five per cent
Prikaži odgovore
much; a bit; even; twice; nearly; half; by

2. Tvori

  1. It's getting (cold)
  2. Life in the city is becoming (expensive)
  3. The days are getting (long)
  4. I'm getting (good) at it
  5. It's getting (difficult) to find a flat
Prikaži odgovore
colder and colder; more and more expensive; longer and longer; better and better; more and more difficult

3. Združi

  1. You practise more. You speak better.
  2. I get older. I sleep less.
  3. He waited longer. He got angrier.
  4. You start soon. You'll finish soon.
  5. The flat is big. The rent is high.
  6. I read more. I understand more.
Prikaži odgovore
The more you practise, the better you speak; The older I get, the less I sleep; The longer he waited, the angrier he got; The sooner you start, the sooner you'll finish; The bigger the flat, the higher the rent / The bigger the flat is, the higher the rent is; The more I read, the more I understand

4. Prepiši

  1. My flat costs £600 a month. Hers costs £1,200. (Her flat …)
  2. The old bridge is 100 metres long. The new one is 300 metres long. (The new bridge …)
  3. The train takes one hour. The bus takes two hours. (The bus …)
  4. This jacket was £100. Now it's £50. (Now the jacket …)
  5. Tom earns £3,000 a month. I earn £1,000. (Tom …)
Prikaži odgovore
Her flat is twice as expensive as mine / Her flat costs twice as much as mine; The new bridge is three times as long as the old one / The new bridge is three times longer than the old one; The bus takes twice as long as the train; Now the jacket is half the price / Now the jacket costs half as much; Tom earns three times as much as me / Tom earns three times as much as I do

5. Iskanje napak.

  1. This flat is very cheaper than ours.
  2. The new house is twice bigger than the old one.
  3. More you read, more you learn.
  4. It's getting more and more cold.
  5. The tickets are much more cheaper online.
  6. The more you become tired, the more mistakes you make.
Prikaži odgovore
This flat is much cheaper than ours / This flat is far cheaper than ours / This flat is a lot cheaper than ours; The new house is twice as big as the old one; The more you read, the more you learn; It's getting colder and colder; The tickets are much cheaper online; The more tired you become, the more mistakes you make / The more tired you get, the more mistakes you make / The more tired you are, the more mistakes you make

6. Prevedi v angleščino.

1) Danes je malo topleje kot včeraj. 2) Ta telefon je za polovico cenejši. 3) Vedno bolj se temni. 4) Čim prej, tem bolje. 5) Cene so se zvišale za deset odstotkov. 6) Ta film še zdaleč ni tako zanimiv kot knjiga.

Prikaži odgovore
It's a bit warmer today than yesterday / It's slightly warmer today than yesterday / It's a little warmer today than yesterday; This phone is half the price / This phone costs half as much / This phone is half as expensive; It's getting darker and darker; The sooner, the better / The earlier, the better; Prices have gone up by ten per cent / Prices have risen by ten per cent / Prices went up by ten per cent / Prices rose by ten per cent; This film isn't nearly as interesting as the book / The film isn't nearly as interesting as the book

7. Odgovori o sebi

s celimi povedmi. Rešitve spodaj so zgled. 1) How is your town different from when you were a child? 2) Finish the sentence: The more I…, the…

Prikaži odgovore
My town is much bigger now, and the traffic is far worse, but the parks are a lot nicer; The more I travel, the more I want to see
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano: much, far, a lot, a bit, slightly, even pred primernikom in prepoved very; just as, nearly as, not nearly as; večkratnik s twice as … as, three times as … as, half the price; sprememba s colder and colder, more and more; the …, the …; sprememba v številkah z by in to. Sledi lekcija 36: preverjanje znanja ravni.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 108

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

15 besed
  • twice /twaɪs/ dvakrat
  • even /ˈiːvn/ še (pri primerjavi)
  • far /fɑː/ veliko, precej (pri primerjavi)
  • half the price /ˌhɑːf ðə ˈpraɪs/ za polovico cenejši
  • by far /baɪ ˈfɑː/ nedvomno, z veliko prednostjo
  • per cent /pə ˈsent/ odstotek
  • go up /ˌɡəʊ ˈʌp/ rasti (o cenah, številkah)
  • go down /ˌɡəʊ ˈdaʊn/ padati, zniževati se
  • increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ povečati se
  • drop /drɒp/ pasti, znižati se
  • rent /rent/ najemnina
  • crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ prenatrpan, poln ljudi
  • petrol station /ˈpetrəl ˌsteɪʃn/ bencinska črpalka
  • comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/ primerjava
  • matter /ˈmætə/ biti pomemben

Pisanje

Pet ali šest povedi: primerjaj dva kraja, kjer si živel ali delal, ali svoje življenje zdaj in pred nekaj leti. Potrebuješ dve krepilni besedi, en večkratnik, eno „vedno bolj“ in en the …, the ….

Zgled

My new office is much smaller than the old one, but it's far closer to my home. The journey takes half as long, so I have a lot more free time. The rent in this area is getting higher and higher, though. My colleagues are slightly younger, and the atmosphere is even friendlier. The longer I work here, the happier I feel.

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Vadite to lekcijo v drugih razdelkih

Diktatna podlagi te lekcije Zapišite, kar slišite. Preverjanje pokaže vsako besedo, ki se razlikuje, in kako. Napišite narek Branje na glasna podlagi te lekcije Preberite besedilo lekcije na glas — prepoznavanje govora označi besede, ki jih ni ujelo. Preberite besedilo na glas Branje in poslušanjeA1–C1 Besedila na vsaki ravni z vprašanji za razumevanje; prepis se odpre po odgovoru. Preizkusi

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