Gramatika ~53 min jezgre preostalo

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Mogu odabrati pravi prijedlog iza glagola, imenice i pridjeva — i uočiti gdje se ne podudara s hrvatskim.

Započni lekciju Jezgra 53 min · koraci: 6 · neobavezno: +2

Navedeno vrijeme jezgre. Dva bloka jezgre nemaju brojku, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbroja.

Gramatika

15 min

„Ovisiti o“, „čekati autobus“, „slušati glazbu“, „objasniti mi“. U svakoj takvoj svezi hrvatski glagol sam odlučuje treba li prijedlog i koji. Engleski glagol također odlučuje sam, samo na svoj način. Podudaranja ima, ali su slučajna: „misliti o“ — think about, a „ovisiti o“ — već depend on, a ne about. Zato se prijedlog iza glagola uči zajedno s glagolom, kao dio riječi. Isto vrijedi za imenice i pridjeve: glagol, imenica i pridjev s prijedlogom slažu se u jedan sustav „riječ + prijedlog“.

Oblik. Prijedlog stoji odmah iza glagola, a iza njega — ono na što se radnja odnosi: It depends on the weather. I'm waiting for the bus. U niječnoj rečenici prijedlog ostaje uz glagol: I don't agree with you. A ako se pita o onome što stoji iza prijedloga, sam prijedlog odlazi na kraj — isto kao u zavisnim rečenicama iz B1 #17:

I'm waiting for Tom. Who are you waiting for?
It depends on the price. What does it depend on?
This bag belongs to Anna. Who does this bag belong to?
They're talking about the new manager. Who are they talking about?

Prijedlog na kraju pitanja norma je razgovornog engleskog, a ne nemar.

Glagoli s prijedlogom. Prijedlozi ovdje nisu sasvim slučajni: svaki ima svoj smjer, i to pomaže pamtiti glagole u skupinama.

prijedlog što dodaje glagoli
for ono što se želi dobiti wait for, look for (tražiti), ask for, apply for, pay for
to prema kome je usmjereno listen to, talk to, belong to, reply to, happen to
about tema think about, talk about, worry about, complain about
on oslonac depend on, concentrate on, spend money on
at točka u koju se gleda look at, laugh at, point at
with zajedno s kim agree with, argue with
of od čega consist of

pay traži pozornost. Plaća se za stvar — pay for the coffee, ali sam račun, osoba ili iznos — bez prijedloga: pay the bill, pay the waiter, pay ten pounds.

look tvori tri različita glagola — kod njega prijedlog odlučuje cijeli smisao:

I'm looking for my keys. Tražim ključeve.
Look at this photo! Pogledaj ovu fotografiju!
She looks after her grandmother. Ona se brine za baku.

Glagol + koga + prijedlog. Neki glagoli imaju dva objekta, i prijedlog stoji ispred drugoga: thank someone for something, ask someone for something, spend money on something, borrow something from someone. Thanks for your help. I asked my boss for a day off. We spent too much on the hotel.

Posebna je zamka explain. Na hrvatskom „objasni mi“ — s dativom, bez prijedloga. U engleskom se onaj kome se objašnjava priključuje samo s to: Can you explain the rule to me? Ili: Can you explain to me how it works? Jednako se ponašaju describe something to someone i say something to someone.

Glagoli bez prijedloga. Obrnuta zamka: hrvatski glagol traži prijedlog, a engleski je bez njega.

✗ ✓ na hrvatskom
discuss about the plan discuss the plan raspravljati o planu
enter into the room enter the room ući u sobu
answer to the question answer the question odgovoriti na pitanje
marry with him marry him udati se za njega
phone to her phone her telefonirati joj
reach to the station reach the station stići do kolodvora
join to the club join the club učlaniti se u klub

Imenice s prijedlogom. Imenice imaju svoje prijedloge, i često ne iste kao srodni glagol:

the reason for the delay razlog kašnjenja
the answer to the question odgovor na pitanje
a solution to the problem rješenje problema
the key to the door ključ od vrata
an invitation to the party poziv na zabavu
an interest in history zanimanje za povijest
the difference between them razlika među njima
a problem with the car problem s autom

Pridjevi s prijedlogom. Treći dio istog sustava. Iza mnogih pridjeva također stoji svoj prijedlog, i po hrvatskom prijevodu ne da se pogoditi: „dobar u matematici“ — good at maths, „ljut na njega“ — angry with him. Sveza se pamti u cijelosti:

good at / bad at She's good at maths.
interested in I'm interested in history.
afraid of He's afraid of dogs.
proud of We're proud of our daughter.
tired of I'm tired of waiting. — Dosadilo mi je čekati.
keen on He's keen on football. — Zagrijan je za nogomet.
worried about They're worried about money.
angry with na koga, about zbog čega She was angry with me about the car.
pleased with I'm pleased with the result.
different from My job is different from yours.
famous for The town is famous for its cheese.
full of The room was full of people.
married to She's married to a doctor.

Mnogi od njih oblici su na -ed iz B1 #26: interested in, worried about, disappointed with. Često pridjev ima isti prijedlog kao srodni glagol ili imenica: worry about — worried about, an interest in — interested in. tired i tired of različite su stvari: I'm tired — „umoran sam“, I'm tired of it — „dosadilo mi je to“. keen on vrlo je britanska sveza: I'm not keen on spicy food — „nisam neki ljubitelj ljute hrane“. Umjesto different from u britanskom govoru često se kaže different to; i to je ispravno.

Usporedi glagol i imenicu od istog korijena:

Please answer the question. glagol — bez prijedloga
What's the answer to the question? imenica — s to
We discussed the plan. glagol — bez prijedloga
We had a discussion about the plan. imenica — s about

Iza prijedloga glagol stoji u obliku na -ing — iza bilo kojeg: glagolskog, kao u I'm thinking about moving, Thanks for coming, She insisted on paying (B1 #16), i pridjevskog: good at cooking, afraid of flying, tired of waiting.

Još primjera:

I agree with you, but it depends on the price. Slažem se s tobom, ali sve ovisi o cijeni.
What happened to your car? Što se dogodilo s tvojim autom?
He spent all his money on books. Potrošio je sav novac na knjige.
The team consists of six people. Tim se sastoji od šest ljudi.

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ What are you waiting? → ✓ What are you waiting for? Bez prijedloga na kraju pitanje gubi smisao: wait i wait for različiti su glagoli.

Provjeri se. Kako reći „To ovisi o vremenu“ (kakvo će biti vani)? Što ne valja u We discussed about the price? Koji prijedlozi dolaze iza good, afraid i proud?

prikaži odgovore
It depends on the weather; discuss ne traži prijedlog: We discussed the price; good at, afraid of, proud of.
Oglas

Pogreške izvornih govornika hrvatskoga

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

Prijedlog iz hrvatskoga

✗ consist from → ✓ consist of. ✗ worry for him → ✓ worry about him. ✗ the reason of the delay → ✓ the reason for the delay. „Sastojati se od“, „brinuti se za njega“, „razlog kašnjenja“ — hrvatski prijedlog ili genitiv prevede se izravno, i dobiju se from, for i of. Engleski prijedlog ovdje je drugi, i treba ga jednostavno znati.

2

Izostavljeni prijedlog

✗ I listen music → ✓ I listen to music. ✗ We waited the bus → ✓ We waited for the bus. Na hrvatskom „slušati glazbu“, „čekati autobus“ — izravni objekt bez prijedloga, i engleski prijedlog čini se suvišnim. Ali listen i wait bez njega ne mogu imati objekt.

3

Suvišni prijedlog

✗ discuss about the plan

✗ enter into the room

✗ marry with him

✓ discuss the plan

enter the room, marry him. Hrvatsko „raspravljati o planu“ ima „o“, i about se preseli k discuss. „Ući u“ i „vjenčati se s“ vuku prijedlog za sobom.

4

explain me

✗ Explain me the rule → ✓ Explain the rule to me. ✗ Can you explain me how it works? → ✓ Can you explain to me how it works? Hrvatsko „mi“ staje odmah iza glagola, kao u give me i show me. Ali explain to ne može: onoga kome se objašnjava priključuje samo s to.

5

Prijedlog iza pridjeva iz hrvatskoga

✗ good in maths → ✓ good at maths („dobar u matematici“). ✗ angry on him → ✓ angry with him („ljut na njega“). ✗ proud on our daughter → ✓ proud of our daughter („ponosan na kćer“). Hrvatski prijedlog nameće svoju inačicu, a engleska se sveza s njom podudara samo slučajno.

Izgovor

3 min

Unutar rečenice prijedlog je nenaglašen: for /fə/, to /tə/, at /ət/, of /əv/, from /frəm/. I'm waiting for the bus — /aɪm ˈweɪtɪŋ fə ðə ˈbʌs/. Naglasak je na glagolu i na imenici.

Na kraju pitanja prijedlog zvuči punim oblikom. Who are you waiting for? — /fɔː/, Who does it belong to? — /tuː/, What are you looking at? — /æt/. Slabi oblik na kraju rečenice se ne upotrebljava.

Glagol i prijedlog stapaju se u jednu riječ: depends on /dɪˈpendz ɒn/, look at /ˈlʊk ət/, listen to /ˈlɪsn tə/ — slovo t u listen se ne čita.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

Hi Sam,

Thanks for your message, and sorry I didn't reply to it sooner — it's been a busy week.

You asked about the job in Bristol. I applied for it at the start of the month, and on Monday I had the interview. They asked me a lot of questions about my last job and my reasons for leaving it. The answer to the last question took me ages: "What are you most proud of?" I'm still waiting for their decision, and I'm not very good at waiting. It depends on two things — how many other people they've interviewed and whether the manager agrees with me about the salary. We discussed it for half an hour, and I'm not sure we found a solution to the problem.

If I get the job, we'll have to look for a flat in Bristol. Anna doesn't worry about things like that, but I do. And who's going to look after Mum? She hates asking anyone for help, and she never listens to anybody but me.

Anyway, enough about me. What are you working on at the moment? And have you found out who that old bike in your garden belongs to?

Love, Kate

Vježbe

30 min

1. Umetni prijedlog.

  1. It all depends the weather
  2. We waited the bus for forty minutes
  3. Do you listen the radio in the car?
  4. Who does this umbrella belong ?
  5. He's afraid dogs
  6. She looks her grandmother at weekends
  7. She's very good languages
  8. I asked the waiter the bill
Prikaži odgovore
on; for; to; to; of; after; at; for

2. Umetni prijedlog

  1. We discussed the plan for an hour
  2. Please answer all the questions
  3. He entered the room without knocking
  4. I completely agree you
  5. She married a man from Glasgow
  6. I'm thinking changing my job
Prikaži odgovore
—; —; —; with; —; about / of

3. Pronalaženje pogreške.

  1. It depends from the price.
  2. I listen music every morning.
  3. We discussed about the new timetable.
  4. Can you explain me this rule?
  5. The team consists from six people.
  6. My sister is married with a doctor.
  7. What is the reason of the delay?
Prikaži odgovore
It depends on the price; I listen to music every morning; We discussed the new timetable; Can you explain this rule to me?; The team consists of six people; My sister is married to a doctor; What is the reason for the delay?

4. Preoblikuj u pitanje

  1. I'm waiting for Tom. (who)
  2. This bag belongs to Anna. (who)
  3. It depends on the price. (what)
  4. She's worried about her exams. (what)
  5. They're talking about the new manager. (who)
  6. I'm looking for my keys. (what)
  7. He spent all his money on books. (what)
Prikaži odgovore
Who are you waiting for?; Who does this bag belong to?; What does it depend on?; What is she worried about? / What's she worried about?; Who are they talking about?; What are you looking for?; What did he spend all his money on?

5. Prepiši s pridjevom i prijedlogom.

  1. Spiders frighten him. (afraid)
  2. She plays tennis really well. (good)
  3. I don't want to wait any more. (tired)
  4. People know our town for its cheese. (famous)
  5. Our daughter passed all her exams. We feel great about her. (proud)
Prikaži odgovore
He's afraid of spiders / He is afraid of spiders; She's really good at tennis / She is really good at tennis; I'm tired of waiting / I am tired of waiting; Our town is famous for its cheese; We're proud of her / We are proud of her / We're proud of our daughter / We are proud of our daughter

6. Prevedi na engleski.

1) To ovisi o tebi. 2) Objasni mi, molim te, kako to radi. 3) Raspravljali smo o problemu, ali rješenje nismo našli. 4) Ona se brine za mlađeg brata. 5) Ponosan je na svoju kćer. 6) Što se dogodilo s tvojim mobitelom?

Prikaži odgovore
It depends on you / That depends on you; Please explain to me how it works / Can you explain to me how it works, please?; We discussed the problem, but we didn't find a solution; She looks after her younger brother; He's proud of his daughter / He is proud of his daughter; What happened to your phone?

7. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Rješenja ispod su uzorak. 1) What do your weekend plans usually depend on? 2) What do you spend most of your money on? 3) Who do you usually ask for advice? 4) What are you good at, and what are you afraid of?

Prikaži odgovore
They usually depend on the weather and on my work; I spend most of my money on rent and food; I usually ask my older sister for advice; I'm good at cooking, and I'm afraid of flying
Oglas

Sažetak

Obrađeno: sustav „riječ + prijedlog“ — glagol + prijedlog po skupinama (for, to, about, on, at, with, of), prijedlog na kraju pitanja, tri look, glagol + koga + prijedlog, explain something to someone, sedam glagola bez prijedloga, imenice s prijedlogom, trinaest sveza „pridjev + prijedlog“, -ing iza prijedloga. Slijedi lekcija 28: reći kako točno.

Kraj jezgre

Lekcija se računa kao završena nakon vježbi. Sve nakon toga je neobavezno.

Lekcija 100

neobavezno

Riječi za kartice

19 riječi
  • depend on /dɪˈpend ɒn/ ovisiti o
  • belong to /bɪˈlɒŋ tə/ pripadati
  • consist of /kənˈsɪst əv/ sastojati se od
  • look after /ˌlʊk ˈɑːftə/ brinuti se za, čuvati
  • reply to /rɪˈplaɪ tə/ odgovoriti na (pismo, poruku)
  • complain about /kəmˈpleɪn əˌbaʊt/ žaliti se na
  • concentrate on /ˈkɒnsntreɪt ɒn/ usredotočiti se na
  • discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ raspravljati, razgovarati o
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ objasniti
  • marry /ˈmæri/ oženiti se, udati se
  • reason /ˈriːzn/ razlog
  • solution /səˈluːʃn/ rješenje (problema)
  • decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ odluka
  • interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ razgovor za posao
  • salary /ˈsæləri/ plaća
  • invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ poziv, pozivnica
  • proud of /ˈpraʊd əv/ ponosan (na nekoga, nešto)
  • keen on /ˈkiːn ɒn/ zagrijan (za nešto)
  • afraid of /əˈfreɪd əv/ koji se boji (nečega)

Pisanje

Šest rečenica o tome o čemu ovise tvoji planovi, što čekaš, o kome se brineš i o čemu se kod kuće raspravlja. Barem jedno pitanje s prijedlogom na kraju i jedan pridjev s prijedlogom.

Uzorak

I'm thinking about changing my job, but it depends on a few things. I've applied for two jobs and I'm waiting for an answer. My parents are worried about me, but I try not to worry about it too much. My sister looks after her children and works part-time, so we often discuss money. Who do I usually ask for advice? My sister, of course.

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