Slovnica ~53 min jedra še preostane

Natančno povedati, od česa je odvisno

Po tej lekciji znate

Znam izbrati pravi predlog za glagolom, samostalnikom in pridevnikom — in opaziti, kje se ne ujema s slovenskim.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 53 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

15 min

„Odvisen od“, „poslušati glasbo“, „pogledati fotografijo“, „razložiti mi“. V vsaki taki zvezi slovenski glagol sam odloči, ali je predlog potreben in kateri. Angleški glagol prav tako odloča sam, le po svoje. Ujemanja se zgodijo, a so naključna: „razmišljati o“ — think about, „odvisen od“ pa je že depend on, ne from. Zato se predlog za glagolom učimo skupaj z glagolom, kot del besede. Enako velja za samostalnike in pridevnike: glagol, samostalnik in pridevnik s predlogom sestavljajo en sistem „beseda + predlog“.

Oblika. Predlog stoji takoj za glagolom, za njim pa to, na kar se dejanje nanaša: It depends on the weather. I'm waiting for the bus. V nikalni povedi predlog ostane pri glagolu: I don't agree with you. Če pa vprašanje sprašuje po tem, kar stoji za predlogom, gre predlog na konec — tako kot v odvisnikih iz B1 #17:

I'm waiting for Tom. Who are you waiting for?
It depends on the price. What does it depend on?
This bag belongs to Anna. Who does this bag belong to?
They're talking about the new manager. Who are they talking about?

Predlog na koncu vprašanja je norma pogovorne angleščine, ne malomarnost.

Glagoli s predlogom. Predlogi tu niso čisto naključni: vsak ima svojo smer, in ta pomaga glagole zapomniti po skupinah.

predlog kaj doda glagoli
for to, kar želimo dobiti wait for, look for (iskati), ask for, apply for, pay for
to h komu je usmerjeno listen to, talk to, belong to, reply to, happen to
about tema think about, talk about, worry about, complain about
on opora depend on, concentrate on, spend money on
at točka, kamor gledamo look at, laugh at, point at
with skupaj s kom agree with, argue with
of iz česa consist of

pay zahteva pozornost. Plačamo za stvar — pay for the coffee, sam račun, človeka ali znesek pa brez predloga: pay the bill, pay the waiter, pay ten pounds.

look tvori tri različne glagole — pri njem predlog odloči ves pomen:

I'm looking for my keys. Iščem ključe.
Look at this photo! Poglej to fotografijo!
She looks after her grandmother. Skrbi za babico.

Glagol + koga + predlog. Nekateri glagoli imajo dve dopolnili, in predlog stoji pred drugim: thank someone for something, ask someone for something, spend money on something, borrow something from someone. Thanks for your help. I asked my boss for a day off. We spent too much on the hotel.

Posebna past je explain. V slovenščini „razloži mi“ — z dajalnikom, brez predloga. V angleščini tistega, ki mu razlagamo, priključimo samo s to: Can you explain the rule to me? Ali: Can you explain to me how it works? Enako se vedeta describe something to someone in say something to someone.

Glagoli brez predloga. Obratna past: v slovenščini tu stoji predlog ali podoben glagol s predlogom („govoriti o“ → ✗ discuss about) in nas napelje k predlogu, angleščina pa gre brez njega.

✗ ✓ v slovenščini
discuss about the plan discuss the plan pogovoriti se o načrtu
enter into the room enter the room vstopiti v sobo
answer to the question answer the question odgovoriti na vprašanje
marry with him marry him poročiti se z njim
phone to her phone her telefonirati ji
reach to the station reach the station priti do postaje
join to the club join the club včlaniti se v klub

Samostalniki s predlogom. Samostalniki imajo svoje predloge, in pogosto ne iste kot sorodni glagol:

the reason for the delay razlog za zamudo
the answer to the question odgovor na vprašanje
a solution to the problem rešitev problema
the key to the door ključ od vrat
an invitation to the party vabilo na zabavo
an interest in history zanimanje za zgodovino
the difference between them razlika med njima
a problem with the car težava z avtom

Pridevniki s predlogom. Tretji del istega sistema. Tudi za mnogimi pridevniki stoji svoj predlog, in po slovenskem prevodu ga ne uganeš: „dober v matematiki“ — good at maths, „jezen na njega“ — angry with him. Zvezo si zapomni v celoti:

good at / bad at She's good at maths.
interested in I'm interested in history.
afraid of He's afraid of dogs.
proud of We're proud of our daughter.
tired of I'm tired of waiting. — Naveličal sem se čakanja.
keen on He's keen on football. — Navdušen je nad nogometom.
worried about They're worried about money.
angry with (oseba), about (stvar) She was angry with me about the car.
pleased with I'm pleased with the result.
different from My job is different from yours.
famous for The town is famous for its cheese.
full of The room was full of people.
married to She's married to a doctor.

Mnogi med njimi so oblike na -ed iz B1 #26: interested in, worried about, disappointed with. Pogosto ima pridevnik isti predlog kot sorodni glagol ali samostalnik: worry about — worried about, an interest in — interested in. tired in tired of sta različni stvari: I'm tired — „utrujen sem“, I'm tired of it — „tega sem sit“. keen on je zelo britanska zveza: I'm not keen on spicy food — „nisem ravno ljubitelj pekoče hrane“. Namesto different from v britanskem govoru pogosto rečejo different to; tudi to je pravilno.

Primerjaj glagol in samostalnik iz istega korena:

Please answer the question. glagol — brez predloga
What's the answer to the question? samostalnik — s to
We discussed the plan. glagol — brez predloga
We had a discussion about the plan. samostalnik — z about

Za predlogom stoji glagol v obliki na -ing — za vsakim: za glagolskim, kot v I'm thinking about moving, Thanks for coming, She insisted on paying (B1 #16), in za pridevniškim: good at cooking, afraid of flying, tired of waiting.

Še primeri:

I agree with you, but it depends on the price. Strinjam se s tabo, a vse je odvisno od cene.
What happened to your car? Kaj se je zgodilo s tvojim avtom?
He spent all his money on books. Ves denar je porabil za knjige.
The team consists of six people. Ekipo sestavlja šest ljudi.

Tako se ne reče. ✗ What are you waiting? → ✓ What are you waiting for? Brez predloga na koncu vprašanje izgubi smisel: wait in wait for sta različna glagola.

Preveri se. Kako rečeš „To je odvisno od vremena“? Kaj je narobe v We discussed about the price? Kateri predlogi stojijo za good, afraid in proud?

prikaži odgovore
It depends on the weather; discuss ne prenese predloga: We discussed the price; good at, afraid of, proud of.
Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

Predlog iz slovenščine

✗ depend from → ✓ depend on. ✗ consist from → ✓ consist of. ✗ worry for him → ✓ worry about him. „Odvisen od“, „sestoji iz“, „skrbi me zanj“ — slovenski predlog prevedemo neposredno, in dobimo from in for. Angleški predlog je pri teh glagolih drug, treba ga je preprosto znati.

2

Manjkajoči predlog

✗ I listen music → ✓ I listen to music. ✗ Look this photo! → ✓ Look at this photo! „Poslušati glasbo“, „poglej to fotografijo“ — v slovenščini predmet brez predloga, zato se angleški predlog zdi odveč. A listen in look brez njega predmeta ne vežeta.

3

Odvečni predlog

✗ discuss about the plan

✗ enter into the room

✗ marry with him

✓ discuss the plan

enter the room, marry him. „Pogovarjati se o“, „vstopiti v“, „poročiti se z“ — slovenski predlog se preseli v angleško poved.

4

explain me

✗ Explain me the rule → ✓ Explain the rule to me. ✗ Can you explain me how it works? → ✓ Can you explain to me how it works? Slovenski „mi“ stoji takoj za glagolom, kot v give me in show me. A explain tega ne zna: tistega, ki mu razlagamo, priključi samo s to.

5

Predlog za pridevnikom iz slovenščine

✗ proud on our daughter → ✓ proud of our daughter („ponosni na hčer“). ✗ angry on him → ✓ angry with him („jezen nanj“). ✗ married with a doctor → ✓ married to a doctor („poročena z zdravnikom“). Slovenski predlog ponudi svojo različico, angleška zveza pa se z njo ujema le po naključju. married with children obstaja, a pomeni drugo: „poročen, z otroki“.

Izgovorjava

3 min

Sredi povedi je predlog nenaglašen: for /fə/, to /tə/, at /ət/, of /əv/, from /frəm/. I'm waiting for the bus — /aɪm ˈweɪtɪŋ fə ðə ˈbʌs/. Naglas je na glagolu in na samostalniku.

Na koncu vprašanja se predlog izgovori v polni obliki. Who are you waiting for? — /fɔː/, Who does it belong to? — /tuː/, What are you looking at? — /æt/. Šibke oblike na koncu povedi ni.

Glagol in predlog se zlijeta v eno besedo: depends on /dɪˈpendz ɒn/, look at /ˈlʊk ət/, listen to /ˈlɪsn tə/ — črka t v listen se ne izgovori.

Oglas

Besedilo

5 min

Hi Sam,

Thanks for your message, and sorry I didn't reply to it sooner — it's been a busy week.

You asked about the job in Bristol. I applied for it at the start of the month, and on Monday I had the interview. They asked me a lot of questions about my last job and my reasons for leaving it. The answer to the last question took me ages: "What are you most proud of?" I'm still waiting for their decision, and I'm not very good at waiting. It depends on two things — how many other people they've interviewed and whether the manager agrees with me about the salary. We discussed it for half an hour, and I'm not sure we found a solution to the problem.

If I get the job, we'll have to look for a flat in Bristol. Anna doesn't worry about things like that, but I do. And who's going to look after Mum? She hates asking anyone for help, and she never listens to anybody but me.

Anyway, enough about me. What are you working on at the moment? And have you found out who that old bike in your garden belongs to?

Love, Kate

Branje na glas

Vaje

30 min

1. Vstavi predlog.

  1. It all depends the weather
  2. We waited the bus for forty minutes
  3. Do you listen the radio in the car?
  4. Who does this umbrella belong ?
  5. He's afraid dogs
  6. She looks her grandmother at weekends
  7. She's very good languages
  8. I asked the waiter the bill
Prikaži odgovore
on; for; to; to; of; after; at; for

2. Vstavi predlog,

  1. We discussed the plan for an hour
  2. Please answer all the questions
  3. He entered the room without knocking
  4. I completely agree you
  5. She married a man from Glasgow
  6. I'm thinking changing my job
Prikaži odgovore
—; —; —; with; —; about / of

3. Iskanje napak.

  1. It depends from the price.
  2. I listen music every morning.
  3. We discussed about the new timetable.
  4. Can you explain me this rule?
  5. The team consists from six people.
  6. My sister is married with a doctor.
  7. What is the reason of the delay?
Prikaži odgovore
It depends on the price; I listen to music every morning; We discussed the new timetable; Can you explain this rule to me?; The team consists of six people; My sister is married to a doctor; What is the reason for the delay?

4. Preoblikuj v vprašanje

  1. I'm waiting for Tom. (who)
  2. This bag belongs to Anna. (who)
  3. It depends on the price. (what)
  4. She's worried about her exams. (what)
  5. They're talking about the new manager. (who)
  6. I'm looking for my keys. (what)
  7. He spent all his money on books. (what)
Prikaži odgovore
Who are you waiting for?; Who does this bag belong to?; What does it depend on?; What is she worried about? / What's she worried about?; Who are they talking about?; What are you looking for?; What did he spend all his money on?

5. Prepiši s pridevnikom in predlogom.

  1. Spiders frighten him. (afraid)
  2. She plays tennis really well. (good)
  3. I don't want to wait any more. (tired)
  4. People know our town for its cheese. (famous)
  5. Our daughter passed all her exams. We feel great about her. (proud)
Prikaži odgovore
He's afraid of spiders / He is afraid of spiders; She's really good at tennis / She is really good at tennis; I'm tired of waiting / I am tired of waiting; Our town is famous for its cheese; We're proud of her / We are proud of her / We're proud of our daughter / We are proud of our daughter

6. Prevedi v angleščino.

1) To je odvisno od tebe. 2) Razloži mi, prosim, kako to deluje. 3) Pogovorili smo se o problemu, a rešitve nismo našli. 4) Ona skrbi za mlajšega brata. 5) Ponosen je na svojo hčer. 6) Kaj se je zgodilo s tvojim telefonom?

Prikaži odgovore
It depends on you / That depends on you; Please explain to me how it works / Can you explain to me how it works, please?; We discussed the problem, but we didn't find a solution; She looks after her younger brother; He's proud of his daughter / He is proud of his daughter; What happened to your phone?

7. Odgovori s celimi povedmi

— o sebi. Rešitve spodaj so zgled. 1) What do your weekend plans usually depend on? 2) What do you spend most of your money on? 3) Who do you usually ask for advice? 4) What are you good at, and what are you afraid of?

Prikaži odgovore
They usually depend on the weather and on my work; I spend most of my money on rent and food; I usually ask my older sister for advice; I'm good at cooking, and I'm afraid of flying
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano: sistem „beseda + predlog“ — glagol + predlog po skupinah (for, to, about, on, at, with, of), predlog na koncu vprašanja, trije look, glagol + koga + predlog, explain something to someone, sedem glagolov brez predloga, samostalniki s predlogom, trinajst zvez „pridevnik + predlog“, -ing za predlogom. Sledi lekcija 28: povedati, kako natančno.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 100

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

19 besed
  • depend on /dɪˈpend ɒn/ biti odvisen od
  • belong to /bɪˈlɒŋ tə/ pripadati
  • consist of /kənˈsɪst əv/ biti sestavljen iz
  • look after /ˌlʊk ˈɑːftə/ skrbeti za, paziti na
  • reply to /rɪˈplaɪ tə/ odgovoriti na (pismo, sporočilo)
  • complain about /kəmˈpleɪn əˌbaʊt/ pritožiti se zaradi
  • concentrate on /ˈkɒnsntreɪt ɒn/ osredotočiti se na
  • discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ razpravljati o, pogovoriti se o
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ pojasniti, razložiti
  • marry /ˈmæri/ poročiti se
  • reason /ˈriːzn/ razlog
  • solution /səˈluːʃn/ rešitev (problema)
  • decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ odločitev
  • interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ razgovor (za službo)
  • salary /ˈsæləri/ plača
  • invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ povabilo, vabilo
  • proud of /ˈpraʊd əv/ ponosen (na koga, kaj)
  • keen on /ˈkiːn ɒn/ navdušen (nad čim)
  • afraid of /əˈfreɪd əv/ ki se boji (česa)

Pisanje

Šest povedi o tem, od česa so odvisni tvoji načrti, kaj čakaš, za koga skrbiš in o čem se doma pogovarjate. Vsaj eno vprašanje s predlogom na koncu in en pridevnik s predlogom.

Zgled

I'm thinking about changing my job, but it depends on a few things. I've applied for two jobs and I'm waiting for an answer. My parents are worried about me, but I try not to worry about it too much. My sister looks after her children and works part-time, so we often discuss money. Who do I usually ask for advice? My sister, of course.

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