Gramatika ~53 min od osnove preostalo

Reći tačno od čega to zavisi

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Mogu da izaberem pravi predlog posle glagola, imenice i prideva — i da primetim gde se ne poklapa sa srpskim.

Započni lekciju Jezgro 53 min · koraci: 6 · opciono: +2

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Gramatika

15 min

„Zavisiti od“, „čekati autobus“, „slušati muziku“, „objasniti mi“. U svakoj takvoj vezi srpski glagol sam odlučuje da li mu treba predlog i koji. Engleski glagol takođe odlučuje sam, samo na svoj način. Poklapanja ima, ali su slučajna: „misliti o“ — think about, a „zavisiti od“ — već depend on, a ne from. Zato se predlog posle glagola uči zajedno sa glagolom, kao deo reči. Isto važi za imenice i prideve: glagol, imenica i pridev sa predlogom sklapaju se u jedan sistem „reč + predlog“.

Oblik. Predlog stoji odmah posle glagola, a iza njega — ono na šta se radnja odnosi: It depends on the weather. I'm waiting for the bus. U odricanju predlog ostaje uz glagol: I don't agree with you. A ako se pitanje postavlja o onome što stoji posle predloga, sam predlog odlazi na kraj — isto kao u odnosnim rečenicama iz B1 #17:

I'm waiting for Tom. Who are you waiting for?
It depends on the price. What does it depend on?
This bag belongs to Anna. Who does this bag belong to?
They're talking about the new manager. Who are they talking about?

Predlog na kraju pitanja je norma razgovornog engleskog, a ne nemar.

Glagoli sa predlogom. Predlozi ovde nisu sasvim slučajni: svaki ima svoj pravac, i on pomaže da se glagoli pamte u grupama.

predlog šta dodaje glagoli
for ono što se želi dobiti wait for, look for (tražiti), ask for, apply for, pay for
to kome je usmereno listen to, talk to, belong to, reply to, happen to
about tema think about, talk about, worry about, complain about
on oslonac depend on, concentrate on, spend money on
at tačka u koju se gleda look at, laugh at, point at
with zajedno s kim agree with, argue with
of od čega consist of

pay traži pažnju. Plaća se za stvar — pay for the coffee, ali sam račun, čovek ili iznos — bez predloga: pay the bill, pay the waiter, pay ten pounds.

look gradi tri različita glagola — kod njega predlog određuje ceo smisao:

I'm looking for my keys. Tražim ključeve.
Look at this photo! Pogledaj ovu fotografiju!
She looks after her grandmother. Ona se brine o baki.

Glagol + koga + predlog. Neki glagoli imaju dva objekta, i predlog stoji ispred drugog: thank someone for something, ask someone for something, spend money on something, borrow something from someone. Thanks for your help. I asked my boss for a day off. We spent too much on the hotel.

Posebna zamka je explain. Na srpskom „objasni mi“ — sa dativom, bez predloga. U engleskom onoga kome se objašnjava priključuje samo to: Can you explain the rule to me? Ili: Can you explain to me how it works? Isto se ponašaju describe something to someone i say something to someone.

Glagoli bez predloga. Obrnuta zamka: srpski glagol traži predlog, a engleski se snalazi bez njega.

✗ ✓ na srpskom
discuss about the plan discuss the plan raspravljati o planu
enter into the room enter the room ući u sobu
answer to the question answer the question odgovoriti na pitanje
marry with him marry him udati se za njega
phone to her phone her telefonirati joj
reach to the station reach the station stići do stanice
join to the club join the club učlaniti se u klub

Imenice sa predlogom. Imenice imaju svoje predloge, i često ne iste kao srodni glagol:

the reason for the delay razlog kašnjenja
the answer to the question odgovor na pitanje
a solution to the problem rešenje problema
the key to the door ključ od vrata
an invitation to the party poziv na žurku
an interest in history interesovanje za istoriju
the difference between them razlika između njih
a problem with the car problem sa kolima

Pridevi sa predlogom. Treći deo istog sistema. Posle mnogih prideva takođe stoji svoj predlog, i po srpskom prevodu se ne može pogoditi: „dobar u matematici“ — good at maths, „ljut na njega“ — angry with him. Veza se pamti u celini:

good at / bad at She's good at maths.
interested in I'm interested in history.
afraid of He's afraid of dogs.
proud of We're proud of our daughter.
tired of I'm tired of waiting. — Dosadilo mi je da čekam.
keen on He's keen on football. — On je veliki ljubitelj fudbala.
worried about They're worried about money.
angry with na koga, about zbog čega She was angry with me about the car.
pleased with I'm pleased with the result.
different from My job is different from yours.
famous for The town is famous for its cheese.
full of The room was full of people.
married to She's married to a doctor.

Mnogi od njih su oblici na -ed iz B1 #26: interested in, worried about, disappointed with. Često pridev ima isti predlog kao srodni glagol ili imenica: worry about — worried about, an interest in — interested in. tired i tired of su različite stvari: I'm tired — „umoran sam“, I'm tired of it — „dosadilo mi je to“. keen on je veoma britanska veza: I'm not keen on spicy food — „nisam neki ljubitelj ljute hrane“. Umesto different from u britanskom govoru često se kaže different to; i to je ispravno.

Uporedi glagol i imenicu istog korena:

Please answer the question. glagol — bez predloga
What's the answer to the question? imenica — sa to
We discussed the plan. glagol — bez predloga
We had a discussion about the plan. imenica — sa about

Posle predloga glagol stoji u obliku na -ing — posle bilo kog: glagolskog, kao u I'm thinking about moving, Thanks for coming, She insisted on paying (B1 #16), i pridevskog: good at cooking, afraid of flying, tired of waiting.

Još primera:

I agree with you, but it depends on the price. Slažem se s tobom, ali sve zavisi od cene.
What happened to your car? Šta se desilo s tvojim kolima?
He spent all his money on books. Potrošio je sav novac na knjige.
The team consists of six people. Tim se sastoji od šest ljudi.

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ What are you waiting? → ✓ What are you waiting for? Bez predloga na kraju pitanje gubi smisao: wait i wait for su različiti glagoli.

Proveri se. Kako reći „To zavisi od vremena“ (kakvo će biti napolju)? Šta nije u redu u We discussed about the price? Koji predlozi idu posle good, afraid i proud?

prikaži odgovore
It depends on the weather; discuss ne traži predlog: We discussed the price; good at, afraid of, proud of.
Oglas

Greške govornika srpskog jezika

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

Predlog iz srpskog

✗ depend from → ✓ depend on. ✗ consist from → ✓ consist of. ✗ worry for him → ✓ worry about him. „Zavisiti od“, „sastojati se od“, „brinuti za njega“ — srpski predlog se prevodi direktno, i dobijaju se from i for. Engleski predlog kod ovih glagola je drugi, i treba ga jednostavno znati.

2

Izostavljen predlog

✗ I listen music → ✓ I listen to music. ✗ We waited the bus → ✓ We waited for the bus. Na srpskom „slušati muziku“, „čekati autobus“ — direktni objekat bez predloga, i engleski predlog izgleda suvišno. Ali listen i wait bez njega ne mogu da se vežu sa objektom.

3

Suvišan predlog

✗ discuss about the plan

✗ enter into the room

✗ marry with him

✓ discuss the plan

enter the room, marry him. Srpsko „raspravljati o planu“ ima „o“, i about prelazi na discuss. „Ući u“ i „venčati se sa“ vuku predlog za sobom.

4

explain me

✗ Explain me the rule → ✓ Explain the rule to me. ✗ Can you explain me how it works? → ✓ Can you explain to me how it works? Srpsko „mi“ staje odmah posle glagola, kao u give me i show me. Ali explain to ne ume: onoga kome se objašnjava priključuje samo preko to.

5

Predlog posle prideva iz srpskog

✗ good in maths → ✓ good at maths („dobar u matematici“). ✗ angry on him → ✓ angry with him („ljut na njega“). ✗ proud on our daughter → ✓ proud of our daughter („ponosni na ćerku“). ✗ married with a doctor → ✓ married to a doctor („u braku sa lekarom“). Srpski predlog nameće svoju varijantu, a engleska veza se sa njim poklapa samo slučajno.

Izgovor

3 min

Unutar fraze predlog je nenaglašen: for /fə/, to /tə/, at /ət/, of /əv/, from /frəm/. I'm waiting for the bus — /aɪm ˈweɪtɪŋ fə ðə ˈbʌs/. Naglasak je na glagolu i na imenici.

Na kraju pitanja predlog zvuči punim oblikom. Who are you waiting for? — /fɔː/, Who does it belong to? — /tuː/, What are you looking at? — /æt/. Slab oblik se na kraju fraze ne koristi.

Glagol i predlog se stapaju u jednu reč: depends on /dɪˈpendz ɒn/, look at /ˈlʊk ət/, listen to /ˈlɪsn tə/ — slovo t u listen se ne čita.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

Hi Sam,

Thanks for your message, and sorry I didn't reply to it sooner — it's been a busy week.

You asked about the job in Bristol. I applied for it at the start of the month, and on Monday I had the interview. They asked me a lot of questions about my last job and my reasons for leaving it. The answer to the last question took me ages: "What are you most proud of?" I'm still waiting for their decision, and I'm not very good at waiting. It depends on two things — how many other people they've interviewed and whether the manager agrees with me about the salary. We discussed it for half an hour, and I'm not sure we found a solution to the problem.

If I get the job, we'll have to look for a flat in Bristol. Anna doesn't worry about things like that, but I do. And who's going to look after Mum? She hates asking anyone for help, and she never listens to anybody but me.

Anyway, enough about me. What are you working on at the moment? And have you found out who that old bike in your garden belongs to?

Love, Kate

Vežbe

30 min

1. Upiši predlog.

  1. It all depends the weather
  2. We waited the bus for forty minutes
  3. Do you listen the radio in the car?
  4. Who does this umbrella belong ?
  5. He's afraid dogs
  6. She looks her grandmother at weekends
  7. She's very good languages
  8. I asked the waiter the bill
Prikaži odgovore
on; for; to; to; of; after; at; for

2. Upiši predlog,

  1. We discussed the plan for an hour
  2. Please answer all the questions
  3. He entered the room without knocking
  4. I completely agree you
  5. She married a man from Glasgow
  6. I'm thinking changing my job
Prikaži odgovore
—; —; —; with; —; about / of

3. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. It depends from the price.
  2. I listen music every morning.
  3. We discussed about the new timetable.
  4. Can you explain me this rule?
  5. The team consists from six people.
  6. My sister is married with a doctor.
  7. What is the reason of the delay?
Prikaži odgovore
It depends on the price; I listen to music every morning; We discussed the new timetable; Can you explain this rule to me?; The team consists of six people; My sister is married to a doctor; What is the reason for the delay?

4. Pretvori u pitanje

  1. I'm waiting for Tom. (who)
  2. This bag belongs to Anna. (who)
  3. It depends on the price. (what)
  4. She's worried about her exams. (what)
  5. They're talking about the new manager. (who)
  6. I'm looking for my keys. (what)
  7. He spent all his money on books. (what)
Prikaži odgovore
Who are you waiting for?; Who does this bag belong to?; What does it depend on?; What is she worried about? / What's she worried about?; Who are they talking about?; What are you looking for?; What did he spend all his money on?

5. Prepiši sa pridevom i predlogom.

  1. Spiders frighten him. (afraid)
  2. She plays tennis really well. (good)
  3. I don't want to wait any more. (tired)
  4. People know our town for its cheese. (famous)
  5. Our daughter passed all her exams. We feel great about her. (proud)
Prikaži odgovore
He's afraid of spiders / He is afraid of spiders; She's really good at tennis / She is really good at tennis; I'm tired of waiting / I am tired of waiting; Our town is famous for its cheese; We're proud of her / We are proud of her / We're proud of our daughter / We are proud of our daughter

6. Prevedi na engleski.

1) To zavisi od tebe. 2) Objasni mi, molim te, kako to radi. 3) Razgovarali smo o problemu, ali rešenje nismo našli. 4) Ona se brine o mlađem bratu. 5) On je ponosan na svoju ćerku. 6) Šta se desilo s tvojim telefonom?

Prikaži odgovore
It depends on you / That depends on you; Please explain to me how it works / Can you explain to me how it works, please?; We discussed the problem, but we didn't find a solution; She looks after her younger brother; He's proud of his daughter / He is proud of his daughter; What happened to your phone?

7. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Odgovori ispod su primer. 1) What do your weekend plans usually depend on? 2) What do you spend most of your money on? 3) Who do you usually ask for advice? 4) What are you good at, and what are you afraid of?

Prikaži odgovore
They usually depend on the weather and on my work; I spend most of my money on rent and food; I usually ask my older sister for advice; I'm good at cooking, and I'm afraid of flying
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno: sistem „reč + predlog“ — glagol + predlog po grupama (for, to, about, on, at, with, of), predlog na kraju pitanja, tri look, glagol + koga + predlog, explain something to someone, sedam glagola bez predloga, imenice sa predlogom, trinaest veza „pridev + predlog“, -ing posle predloga. Sledi lekcija 28: reći kako tačno.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 100

opciono

Reči za špil

19 reči
  • depend on /dɪˈpend ɒn/ zavisiti od
  • belong to /bɪˈlɒŋ tə/ pripadati
  • consist of /kənˈsɪst əv/ sastojati se od
  • look after /ˌlʊk ˈɑːftə/ brinuti se o, starati se o
  • reply to /rɪˈplaɪ tə/ odgovoriti na (pismo, poruku)
  • complain about /kəmˈpleɪn əˌbaʊt/ žaliti se na
  • concentrate on /ˈkɒnsntreɪt ɒn/ usredsrediti se na
  • discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ raspravljati, razgovarati (o nečemu)
  • explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ objasniti
  • marry /ˈmæri/ oženiti se, udati se
  • reason /ˈriːzn/ razlog
  • solution /səˈluːʃn/ rešenje (problema)
  • decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ odluka
  • interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ razgovor za posao
  • salary /ˈsæləri/ plata
  • invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ poziv, pozivnica
  • proud of /ˈpraʊd əv/ ponosan (na nekoga, nešto)
  • keen on /ˈkiːn ɒn/ oduševljen (nečim)
  • afraid of /əˈfreɪd əv/ koji se plaši (nečega)

Pisanje

Šest rečenica o tome od čega zavise tvoji planovi, šta čekaš, o kome se brineš i o čemu razgovarate kod kuće. Bar jedno pitanje sa predlogom na kraju i jedan pridev sa predlogom.

Primer

I'm thinking about changing my job, but it depends on a few things. I've applied for two jobs and I'm waiting for an answer. My parents are worried about me, but I try not to worry about it too much. My sister looks after her children and works part-time, so we often discuss money. Who do I usually ask for advice? My sister, of course.

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