Gramatika ~53 min z jadra zostáva

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Viem povedať, že som niečo neurobil sám, ale dal som si to urobiť — opravu, strih, doručenie.

Začať lekciu Jadro 53 min · kroky: 6 · voliteľné: +2

Deklarovaný čas jadra. Dva bloky jadra nemajú žiadny údaj, takže skutočná lekcia je dlhšia ako tento súčet.

Gramatika

15 min

„Ostrihal som sa“, „opravil som auto“, „vymenili sme okná“ — po slovensky z takých viet často nie je vidieť, či si to urobil vlastnými rukami, alebo si niekomu zaplatil. Slovenčina to vie povedať cez „dať si“ alebo „nechať si“, ale nemusí. Angličtina to rozlišuje. Ak prácu urobil iný človek na tvoju žiadosť — majster, kaderník, kuriér —, hovorí sa have + predmet + tretí tvar.

Tvar: have — ČO — tretí tvar. Je to trpný rod z B1 #13, ku ktorému sa pridal objednávateľ: My hair was cut — „ostrihali ma“ — sa mení na I had my hair cut — „dal som sa ostrihať (v kaderníctve)“. Poradie je pevné: najprv have, potom predmet, potom tretí tvar. Tretí tvar sa nemení, čas ukazuje have.

čas príklad po slovensky
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Strihám sa raz za šesť týždňov.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Práve nám maľujú kuchyňu.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. Minulý týždeň som dal auto do opravy.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Práve som si dal skontrolovať zrak.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Dáme si osadiť nové okná.
modálne sloveso You should have the boiler checked every year. Kotol by si mal dať skontrolovať každý rok.

Predmet možno nahradiť zámenom a to sa postaví na to isté miesto: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Zápor a otázka. have je tu obyčajné plnovýznamové sloveso, ako v have breakfast. Preto sa zápor a otázka tvoria s do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Z toho istého dôvodu sa had tu neskracuje na 'd.

Kedy sa používa.

Služba: oprava, strih, doručenie, upratovanie. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Gauč nám priviezli v sobotu. Objednali sme si ho, a viezli ho iní ľudia.

Nepríjemnosť, ktorá sa ti stala: They had their car stolen. — Ukradli im auto. She had her bag stolen on the train. Tu si nikto nič neobjednal: tvar len ukazuje, že škodu utrpel človek, nielen vec.

get namiesto have — to isté, len hovorovejšie: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? V britskej reči je get veľmi časté, najmä keď sa vec ťažko zariaďuje alebo sa dlho odkladala.

Ako si objednať službu. V dielni alebo po telefóne pomôžu hotové frázy:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Chcel(a) by som si dať vyčistiť toto sako.
I need to get my watch repaired. Potrebujem si dať opraviť hodinky.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Koľko stojí vyčistenie koberca?
How long will it take? Ako dlho to bude trvať?
When will it be ready? Kedy to bude hotové?

Porovnaj. Tri vety z tých istých slov hovoria o troch rôznych veciach:

I cut my hair. Ostrihal som sa sám, nožnicami.
I had my hair cut. Dal som sa ostrihať — v kaderníctve.
I had cut my hair. Ostrihal som sa sám — skôr ako iná udalosť (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Všetko rozhoduje miesto tretieho tvaru: za predmetom — služba, hneď za had — Past Perfect. A ešte jedna dvojica: My car was repaired — auto opravili a nie je dôležité, kto to zariadil; I had my car repaired — dal som ho do opravy.

get bez objednávateľa: „stalo sa mi“. Ak vec stojí ako podmet a hneď za ňou ide get a tretí tvar, vzniká hovorový trpný rod: My bike got stolen. — „Ukradli mi bicykel.“ Je to trpný rod z B1 #13, len namiesto was — got. Tak sa hovorí o tom, čo sa stalo nečakane, najčastejšie nepríjemne: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Otázka a zápor — s do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. V písaní a v správach sa zvyčajne povie was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Dal som bicykel do opravy — urobili to pre mňa, na objednávku.
My bike got stolen. Ukradli mi bicykel — stalo sa mi to.

V prvej vete stojí za get predmet — to je služba. V druhej sa predmet stal podmetom a nikto si nič neobjednal. Tú istú nepríjemnosť možno vyjadriť aj cez have: I had my bike stolen znamená to isté ako My bike got stolen.

Ďalšie príklady:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Zajtra idem na vyšetrenie zraku.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Pred odsťahovaním sme si dali upratať celý byt.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Každé dva týždne si dáva robiť nechty.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Ešte nikdy ma nefotil profesionálny fotograf.

Takto sa nehovorí. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. Plnovýznamové had sa píše aj vyslovuje celé.

Otestuj sa. Ako povedať „Opravili mi hodinky“ — dával si ich do opravy? Čo znamená I had cut my hair? Ako sa spýtať „Kde sa chodíš strihať?“

zobraziť odpovede
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; ostrihal som sa sám, a bolo to skôr ako iná udalosť v minulosti; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
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Chyby slovensky hovoriacich

napísané pre váš jazyk
1

„Nechať si“ ako let

✗ I let my hair cut yesterday

✓ I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday

Slovenské „nechal som si ostrihať vlasy“, „nechal som si opraviť auto“ zvádza k let. let však znamená „dovoliť“: I let him cut my hair — dovolil som mu, aby ma ostrihal. Objednanú službu vyjadruje len have alebo get.

2

Jednoduché sloveso namiesto „dal som si“

I cut my hair yesterday o návšteve kaderníctva znamená po anglicky strihanie vlastnými rukami. Treba I had my hair cut alebo I got my hair cut. Po slovensky „ostrihal som sa“ bežne znamená kaderníctvo a nikto nepochybuje, kto strihal. V angličtine to rozlišuje väzba.

3

Základný tvar namiesto tretieho

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. Po slovenskom „dať si“, „nechať si“ stojí neurčitok („dal som si opraviť auto“), a tak aj anglické sloveso zostane v základnom tvare. Je to však trpná časť väzby a potrebuje tretí tvar.

4

Tretí tvar pred predmetom

✗ We're having painted the kitchen

✓ We're having the kitchen painted

V „dávame si vymaľovať kuchyňu“ stojí sloveso pred predmetom a toto poradie sa prenesie. I had repaired my car je navyše niečo iné: „sám som opravil auto skôr, ako…“ (Past Perfect).

Výslovnosť

3 min

Hlavný prízvuk padá na predmet, nie na sloveso:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Tretí tvar znie tichšie. Práve tým sa väzba na počutie líši od Past Perfect, kde je prízvuk na plnovýznamovom slovese: I'd cut my hair.

had pri službe nesplýva so zámenom: I had /aɪ hæd/ alebo /aɪ həd/, ale nie /aɪd/. Ak počuješ /aɪd/, je to Past Perfect alebo would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — tak sa v britskej angličtine volá samo kaderníctvo: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

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Text

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Čítanie nahlas

Cvičenia

30 min

1. Otvor zátvorky:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — už sme sa rozhodli
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Zobraziť odpovede
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Prepíš:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Zobraziť odpovede
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Prepíš na otázku

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (zisťovacia otázka)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Zobraziť odpovede
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Hľadanie chyby.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I let my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Zobraziť odpovede
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Priraďovanie.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Zobraziť odpovede
`I cut my hair.` — ostrihal som sa sám; `I had my hair cut.` — ostrihali ma v kaderníctve; `I had cut my hair.` — ostrihal som sa sám skôr ako iná udalosť; `They had their car stolen.` — ukradli im auto

6. Prepíš hovorovo:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Zobraziť odpovede
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Prelož do angličtiny.

1) Včera som sa ostrihal (v kaderníctve). 2) Práve nám maľujú kuchyňu. 3) Kde si dávaš opravovať auto? 4) Mojej sestre ukradli v autobuse telefón. 5) Chystáme sa dať si osadiť nové dvere. 6) Koľko stojí vyčistenie koberca?

Zobraziť odpovede
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Odpovedz celými vetami

— o sebe. Odpovede nižšie sú vzor. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Zobraziť odpovede
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
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Zhrnutie

Prebrali sme: have + predmet + tretí tvar vo všetkých časoch, zápor a otázku s do, get ako hovorový variant, význam nepríjemnosti, frázy na objednanie služby, rozdiel oproti Past Perfect a oproti obyčajnému trpnému rodu; get-pasívum o tom, čo sa stalo: My bike got stolen oproti I got my bike repaired. Ďalej — lekcia 15: presné prerozprávanie.

Koniec jadra

Lekcia sa považuje za dokončenú, keď sú splnené cvičenia. Všetko za tým je voliteľné.

Lekcia 87

voliteľné

Slovíčka do balíčka

17 slov
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ kaderník, kaderníčka
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ strih, ostrihanie
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ opraviť
  • fix /fɪks/ opraviť
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ nainštalovať, namontovať
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ doručiť, doručovať
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ robiť servis (auta, kotla)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ práčka
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ kotol (na kúrenie)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ bezpečnostná kamera
  • part /pɑːt/ súčiastka
  • hall /hɔːl/ predsieň, chodba
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ osadiť, namontovať
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ odstrániť, dať dole
  • nails /neɪlz/ nechty
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ sused
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ zraniť sa, utrpieť zranenie

Písanie

Päť-šesť viet o oprave alebo službách: čo ti nedávno urobili, čo ti robia teraz, čo si chceš objednať. Aspoň jedna veta — s get, jedna — otázka s do alebo did.

Vzor

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

Kontrolný zoznam

Koncept je uložený na tomto zariadení
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