Slovnica ~53 min jedra še preostane

Naročiti storitev

Po tej lekciji znate

Znam povedati, česa nisem naredil sam, ampak sem naročil — popravilo, striženje, dostavo.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 53 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

15 min

„Ostrigel sem se“, „popravil sem avto“, „zamenjali smo okna“ — iz takih slovenskih povedi pogosto ni razvidno, ali si delo opravil sam ali si koga plačal. Natančneje lahko rečemo „dal sem popraviti avto“, a pogosto tega ne naredimo. Angleščina to razlikuje vedno. Če je delo po tvoji želji opravil nekdo drug — mojster, frizer, dostavljavec —, rečemo have + predmet + tretja oblika.

Oblika: have — KAJ — tretja oblika. To je trpnik iz B1 #13, ki so mu dodali naročnika: My hair was cut — „ostrigli so me“ — postane I had my hair cut — „dal sem se ostriči (pri frizerju)“. Vrstni red je strog: najprej have, nato predmet, nato tretja oblika. Tretja oblika se ne spreminja, čas pokaže have.

čas primer po slovensko
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. K frizerju grem vsakih šest tednov.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Kuhinjo nam ravno pleskajo.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. Prejšnji teden sem dal avto v popravilo.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Pravkar sem bil na pregledu vida.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Dali bomo vgraditi nova okna.
modalni glagol You should have the boiler checked every year. Kotel je dobro dati pregledati vsako leto.

Predmet lahko zamenjaš z zaimkom, in ta stoji na istem mestu: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Nikalnica in vprašanje. have je tu navaden polnopomenski glagol, kot v have breakfast. Zato se nikalnica in vprašanje tvorita z do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Iz istega razloga se had tu ne krajša v 'd.

Kdaj se uporablja.

Storitev: popravilo, striženje, dostava, čiščenje. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Kavč so nam pripeljali v soboto. Naročili smo ga mi, pripeljali pa so ga drugi ljudje.

Nevšečnost, ki se ti je zgodila: They had their car stolen. — Ukradli so jim avto. She had her bag stolen on the train. Tu nihče ničesar ni naročil: oblika samo pokaže, da je škodo utrpel človek, ne le stvar.

get namesto have — isto, le bolj pogovorno: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? V britanskem govoru je get zelo pogost, posebno kadar je stvar težko urediti ali jo dolgo odlašamo.

Kako naročiti storitev. V delavnici ali po telefonu pomagajo ustaljene fraze:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Ta suknjič bi rad dal v čiščenje, prosim.
I need to get my watch repaired. Uro moram dati popraviti.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Koliko stane čiščenje preproge?
How long will it take? Koliko časa bo trajalo?
When will it be ready? Kdaj bo gotovo?

Primerjaj. Tri povedi iz istih besed govorijo o treh različnih stvareh:

I cut my hair. Ostrigel sem se sam, s škarjami.
I had my hair cut. Ostrigli so me — pri frizerju.
I had cut my hair. Ostrigel sem se sam — pred nekim drugim dogodkom (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Vse odloči mesto tretje oblike: za predmetom — storitev, takoj za had — predpreteklik. In še en par: My car was repaired — avto so popravili, in ni pomembno, kdo je to uredil; I had my car repaired — dal sem ga v popravilo.

get brez naročnika: „to se mi je zgodilo“. Če stvar stoji kot osebek, takoj za njo pa get in tretja oblika, dobimo pogovorni trpnik: My bike got stolen. — „Ukradli so mi kolo“. To je trpnik iz B1 #13, le da je namesto was — got. Tako govorimo o tem, kar se je zgodilo nepričakovano, največkrat neprijetno: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Vprašanje in nikalnica — z do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. V pisavi in v novicah običajno rečemo was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Dal sem popraviti kolo — naredili so zame, po naročilu.
My bike got stolen. Ukradli so mi kolo — to se mi je zgodilo.

V prvi povedi za get stoji predmet — to je storitev. V drugi je predmet postal osebek, in nihče ni ničesar naročil. Isto nevšečnost lahko izrazimo tudi s have: I had my bike stolen pomeni isto kot My bike got stolen.

Še primeri:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Jutri grem na pregled vida.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Pred izselitvijo smo naročili čiščenje celega stanovanja.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Na manikuro hodi vsaka dva tedna.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Še nikoli me ni fotografiral poklicni fotograf.

Tako se ne reče. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. Polnopomenski had se piše in izgovori v celoti.

Preveri se. Kako rečeš „popravili so mi uro“, če si jo dal v delavnico? Kaj pomeni I had cut my hair? Kako vprašaš „Kje se strižeš?“

prikaži odgovore
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; ostrigel sem se sam, in to je bilo pred nekim drugim dogodkom v preteklosti; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

Navaden glagol namesto storitve

I cut my hair yesterday o obisku pri frizerju v angleščini pomeni, da si škarje vzel v roke sam. Treba je I had my hair cut ali I got my hair cut. Isto velja za I repaired my car, če ga je popravil mojster. „Ostrigel sem se“, „popravil sem avto“ ne povesta, kdo je delal, in razlike ne čutimo. V angleščini jo nosi zveza.

2

give ali make namesto have

✗ I gave my car to repair

✗ I made my nails

✓ I had my car repaired

I had my nails done. „Dati avto v popravilo“, „narediti si nohte“ vlečeta k give in make. A naročilo storitve v angleščini izražata samo have in get.

3

Tretja oblika pred predmetom

✗ We're having painted the kitchen

✓ We're having the kitchen painted

V „dali smo prepleskati kuhinjo“ stoji glagol pred predmetom, in ta vrstni red se prenese. I had repaired my car pa je nekaj drugega: „sam sem popravil avto pred nekim drugim dogodkom“ (Past Perfect).

4

Osnovna oblika namesto tretje

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. Za slovenskim „dati“ stoji nedoločnik („dal sem popraviti avto“), zato tudi angleški glagol ostane v osnovni obliki. A to je trpni del zveze in potrebuje tretjo obliko.

5

Vprašanje brez do

✗ Had you your car repaired?

✓ Did you have your car repaired?

have v perfektu in v Have you got…? sam pride naprej, in vprašanje iz navade sestavimo enako. Tu je have polnopomenski, in vprašanje mu tvori do.

Izgovorjava

3 min

Glavni naglas pade na predmet, ne na glagol:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Tretja oblika zveni tiše. Prav to zvezo na posluh loči od Past Perfecta, kjer je naglas na polnopomenskem glagolu: I'd cut my hair.

had se v storitvi ne zlije z zaimkom: I had /aɪ hæd/ ali /aɪ həd/, ne pa /aɪd/. Če slišiš /aɪd/, je to Past Perfect ali would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — tako v britanski angleščini imenujejo sam frizerski salon: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

Oglas

Besedilo

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Branje na glas

Vaje

30 min

1. Razreši oklepaje:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — smo se že odločili
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Prikaži odgovore
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Prepiši:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Prikaži odgovore
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Preoblikuj v vprašanje

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (odločevalno vprašanje)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Prikaži odgovore
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Iskanje napak.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I made my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Prikaži odgovore
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Povezovanje.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Prikaži odgovore
`I cut my hair.` — ostrigel sem se sam; `I had my hair cut.` — ostrigli so me pri frizerju; `I had cut my hair.` — ostrigel sem se sam pred drugim dogodkom; `They had their car stolen.` — ukradli so jim avto

6. Prepiši pogovorno:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Prikaži odgovore
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Prevedi v angleščino.

1) Včeraj sem se ostrigel (pri frizerju). 2) Kuhinjo nam ravno pleskajo. 3) Kje daješ avto v popravilo? 4) Moji sestri so na avtobusu ukradli telefon. 5) Nameravamo dati vgraditi nova vrata. 6) Koliko stane čiščenje preproge?

Prikaži odgovore
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Odgovori s celimi povedmi

— o sebi. Rešitve spodaj so zgled. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Prikaži odgovore
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano: have + predmet + tretja oblika v vseh časih, nikalnica in vprašanje z do, get kot pogovorna različica, pomen nevšečnosti, fraze za naročilo storitve, razlika od Past Perfecta in od navadnega trpnika; get-trpnik o tem, kar se je zgodilo: My bike got stolen proti I got my bike repaired. Sledi lekcija 15: natančno prenesti tuje besede.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 87

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

17 besed
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ frizer
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ striženje, pričeska
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ popraviti
  • fix /fɪks/ popraviti
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ namestiti, vgraditi
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ dostaviti
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ servisirati (avto, kotel)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ pralni stroj
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ kotel (za ogrevanje)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ varnostna kamera
  • part /pɑːt/ del
  • hall /hɔːl/ predsoba
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ vgraditi, namestiti
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ odstraniti
  • nails /neɪlz/ nohti
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ sosed
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ poškodovati se

Pisanje

Pet ali šest povedi o prenovi ali storitvah: kaj so ti pred kratkim naredili, kaj delajo zdaj, kaj nameravaš naročiti. Vsaj ena poved — z get, ena — vprašanje z do ali did.

Zgled

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

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