Grammatik ~53 min af kernen tilbage

Bestille en ydelse

Efter denne lektion kan du

Jeg kan sige, at jeg ikke selv har gjort noget, men har bestilt det — en reparation, en klipning, en levering.

Start lektionen Kerne 53 min · trin: 6 · valgfri: +2

Angivet kernemængde. To af kerneblokkene har ingen tid, så den reelle lektion er længere end summen.

Grammatik

15 min

»Vi har malet køkkenet«, »jeg har skiftet låsen«, »vi har sat nye vinduer i« — på dansk kan sådanne sætninger både betyde, at man har gjort det selv, og at man har betalt nogen for det. Dansk kan gøre det tydeligt med »få«: »vi har fået malet køkkenet«, men behøver det ikke. Engelsk skelner altid. Hvis arbejdet blev udført af en anden på din bestilling — en håndværker, en frisør, et bud — siger man have + objekt + tredje form.

Formen: have — HVAD — tredje form. Det er passiven fra lektion B1 #13 med bestilleren sat foran: My hair was cut — »jeg blev klippet« — bliver til I had my hair cut — »jeg fik klippet håret (hos frisøren)«. Rækkefølgen er fast: først have, så objektet, så tredje form. Tredje form ændrer sig ikke, tiden viser have.

tid eksempel på dansk
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Jeg bliver klippet hver sjette uge.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Vi er ved at få malet køkkenet.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. I sidste uge fik jeg repareret bilen.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Jeg har lige fået tjekket mit syn.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Vi skal have sat nye vinduer i.
modalverbum You should have the boiler checked every year. Fyret bør efterses hvert år.

Objektet kan erstattes af et pronomen, og det står på samme plads: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Nægtelse og spørgsmål. have er her et almindeligt hovedverbum, som i have breakfast. Derfor bygges nægtelse og spørgsmål med do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Af samme grund trækkes had her ikke sammen til 'd.

Hvornår bruges den.

En ydelse: reparation, klipning, levering, rengøring. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Sofaen blev leveret til os lørdag. Vi bestilte den, og andre kørte den ud.

Et uheld, der er overgået dig: They had their car stolen. — De fik stjålet deres bil. She had her bag stolen on the train. Her har ingen bestilt noget: formen viser bare, at det gik ud over en person og ikke kun over en ting. Dansk »få« kan det samme: »de fik stjålet bilen«.

get i stedet for have — det samme, bare mere talesprogligt: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? I britisk tale er get meget almindeligt, især når noget er svært at få ordnet, eller når man længe har udsat det.

Sådan bestiller man en ydelse. På værkstedet eller i telefonen hjælper faste fraser:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Jeg vil gerne have denne jakke renset.
I need to get my watch repaired. Jeg skal have repareret mit ur.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Hvad koster det at få et tæppe renset?
How long will it take? Hvor lang tid tager det?
When will it be ready? Hvornår er det færdigt?

Sammenlign. Tre sætninger af de samme ord siger tre forskellige ting:

I cut my hair. Jeg klippede mig selv, med en saks.
I had my hair cut. Jeg blev klippet — hos frisøren.
I had cut my hair. Jeg havde klippet mig selv — før en anden begivenhed (Past Perfect, lektion B1 #1).

Det hele afgøres af, hvor tredje form står: efter objektet — en ydelse, lige efter had — førdatid. Og et par mere: My car was repaired — bilen blev repareret, og det er ligegyldigt, hvem der sørgede for det; I had my car repaired — jeg fik den repareret på værksted.

get uden bestiller: »det skete for mig«. Hvis tingen står som subjekt, og lige efter den følger get og tredje form, får man en talesprogsagtig passiv: My bike got stolen. — »Min cykel blev stjålet«. Det er passiven fra lektion B1 #13, bare med got i stedet for was. Sådan taler man om noget, der skete uventet, som regel noget ubehageligt: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Spørgsmål og nægtelse — med do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. På skrift og i nyheder siger man som regel was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Jeg fik repareret cyklen — det blev gjort for mig, på bestilling.
My bike got stolen. Min cykel blev stjålet — det skete for mig.

I den første sætning står der et objekt efter get — det er en ydelse. I den anden er tingen blevet subjekt, og ingen har bestilt noget. Det samme uheld kan også siges med have: I had my bike stolen betyder det samme som My bike got stolen.

Flere eksempler:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. I morgen skal jeg have tjekket mit syn.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Før vi flyttede, fik vi hele lejligheden gjort rent.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Hun får lavet negle hver anden uge.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Jeg er aldrig blevet fotograferet af en professionel.

Sådan siger man ikke. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. Hovedverbet had skrives og udtales fuldt ud.

Test dig selv. Hvordan siger man »jeg fik repareret mit ur« — du havde afleveret det hos urmageren? Hvad betyder I had cut my hair? Hvordan spørger man »hvor bliver du klippet?«

vis svarene
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; jeg klippede mig selv, og det var før en anden begivenhed i fortiden; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
Annonce

Typiske fejl hos dansktalende

skrevet til dit sprog
1

»Vi har malet køkkenet« ord for ord

We painted the kitchen om en maler, I har betalt, betyder på engelsk, at I selv tog penslen. Det skal være We had the kitchen painted eller We got the kitchen painted. Den danske sætning siger ikke, hvem der malede, så forskellen mærkes ikke.

2

Tredje form før objektet

»Jeg fik repareret bilen« → ✗ I got repaired my car → ✓ I got my car repaired. »Vi er ved at få malet køkkenet« → ✗ We're having painted the kitchen → ✓ We're having the kitchen painted. Dansk sætter som regel verbet før objektet, men på engelsk står objektet først. I had repaired my car er noget helt andet: »jeg havde selv repareret bilen« (Past Perfect).

3

Spørgsmål uden do

»Fik du repareret bilen?« → ✗ Had you your car repaired? → ✓ Did you have your car repaired? Dansk flytter bare verbet frem. Men her er have et hovedverbum, og spørgsmålet bygges med do.

4

»Blev stjålet« som became

✗ My bike became stolen

✓ My bike got stolen / My bike was stolen

Dansk »blev« svarer her til got eller was, ikke til became (lektion B1 #13).

Udtale

3 min

Hovedtrykket falder på objektet, ikke på verbet:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Tredje form lyder svagere. Det er det, der for øret skiller konstruktionen fra Past Perfect, hvor trykket ligger på hovedverbet: I'd cut my hair.

had i en ydelse smelter ikke sammen med pronomenet: I had /aɪ hæd/ eller /aɪ həd/, men ikke /aɪd/. Hører du /aɪd/, er det Past Perfect eller would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — sådan kalder man på britisk engelsk selve frisørsalonen, ligesom dansk »til frisøren«: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

Annonce

Tekst

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Læs højt

Øvelser

30 min

1. Udfyldning:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — det er allerede besluttet
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Vis svarene
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Omskriv:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Vis svarene
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Omskriv til et spørgsmål

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (ja/nej-spørgsmål)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Vis svarene
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Fejlfinding.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I got cut my hair yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Vis svarene
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Sammenkobling.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Vis svarene
`I cut my hair.` — klippede mig selv; `I had my hair cut.` — blev klippet hos frisøren; `I had cut my hair.` — klippede mig selv før en anden begivenhed; `They had their car stolen.` — de fik stjålet deres bil

6. Omskriv til talesprog:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Vis svarene
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Oversæt til engelsk.

1) Jeg blev klippet i går (hos frisøren). 2) Vi er ved at få malet køkkenet lige nu. 3) Hvor får du repareret din bil? 4) Min søster fik stjålet sin telefon i bussen. 5) Vi skal have sat en ny dør i. 6) Hvad koster det at få et tæppe renset?

Vis svarene
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Svar med hele sætninger

— om dig selv. Svarene nedenfor er et eksempel. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Vis svarene
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
Annonce

Opsummering

Gennemgået: have + objekt + tredje form i alle tider, nægtelse og spørgsmål med do, get som talesprogsvariant, betydningen »uheld«, fraser til at bestille en ydelse, forskellen fra Past Perfect og fra almindelig passiv; get-passiv om noget, der skete: My bike got stolen over for I got my bike repaired. Næste: lektion 15 — gengive præcist.

Kernen slut

Lektionen tælles som færdig, når øvelserne er udført. Alt efter dette er valgfrit.

Lektion 87

valgfri

Ordforråd til kortbunken

17 ord
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ frisør
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ klipning
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ reparere
  • fix /fɪks/ reparere, ordne
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ installere, montere
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ levere
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ efterse (bil, fyr)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ vaskemaskine
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ fyr (til opvarmning)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ overvågningskamera
  • part /pɑːt/ del, reservedel
  • hall /hɔːl/ entré, gang
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ sætte i, installere
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ fjerne, tage ned
  • nails /neɪlz/ negle
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ nabo
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ komme til skade

Skrivning

Fem-seks sætninger om istandsættelse eller ydelser: hvad der er blevet gjort for dig for nylig, hvad der bliver gjort nu, og hvad du har tænkt dig at bestille. Mindst én sætning med get og ét spørgsmål med do eller did.

Eksempel

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

Tjekliste

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