Gramatika ~53 min no pamata palicis

Pasūtīt pakalpojumu

Pēc šīs nodarbības tu vari

Varu pateikt, ka neizdarīju kaut ko pats, bet to pasūtīju, — par remontu, matu griešanu, piegādi.

Sākt mācību Kodols 53 min · soļi: 6 · pēc izvēles: +2

Norādītais kodola laiks. Divi kodola bloki nav ar laika norādi, tāpēc reālā nodarbība ir garāka par šo summu.

Gramatika

15 min

„Es apgriezu matus”, „es salaboju mašīnu”, „mēs ielikām jaunus logus” — latviski šādas frāzes bieži saka arī tad, ja darbu darīja meistars, un no tām nav redzams, vai jūs to izdarījāt savām rokām vai kādam samaksājāt. Angļu valoda to atšķir. Ja darbu pēc jūsu lūguma izdarīja cits cilvēks — meistars, frizieris, kurjers —, saka have + priekšmets + trešā forma.

Forma: have — KO — trešā forma. Tā ir ciešamā kārta no B1 #13, kam pievienots pasūtītājs: My hair was cut — „man apgrieza matus” — pārvēršas par I had my hair cut — „es apgriezu matus (frizētavā)”. Secība ir stingra: vispirms have, tad priekšmets, tad trešā forma. Trešā forma nemainās, laiku rāda have.

laiks piemērs latviski
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Matus griežu reizi pusotrā mēnesī.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Mums pašlaik krāso virtuvi.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. Pagājušajā nedēļā nodevu mašīnu remontā.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Tikko pārbaudīju redzi.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Mēs liksim jaunus logus.
modālais darbības vārds You should have the boiler checked every year. Apkures katlu vajadzētu pārbaudīt katru gadu.

Priekšmetu var aizstāt ar vietniekvārdu, un tas nostājas tajā pašā vietā: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Noliegums un jautājums. have šeit ir parasts nozīmes darbības vārds, kā have breakfast. Tāpēc noliegumu un jautājumu veido ar do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Tā paša iemesla dēļ had šeit nesaīsina par 'd.

Kad lieto.

Pakalpojums: remonts, matu griešana, piegāde, uzkopšana. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Dīvānu mums atveda sestdien. Mēs to pasūtījām, bet veda citi cilvēki.

Nepatikšana, kas notikusi ar jums: They had their car stolen. — Viņiem nozaga mašīnu. She had her bag stolen on the train. Šeit neviens neko nepasūtīja: forma vienkārši parāda, ka cieta cilvēks, nevis tikai lieta.

get have vietā — tas pats, tikai sarunvalodiskāk: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? Britu runā get ir ļoti biežs, īpaši tad, kad lietu ir grūti nokārtot vai to ilgi atliek.

Kā pasūtīt pakalpojumu. Darbnīcā vai pa telefonu palīdzēs gatavas frāzes:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Es gribētu nodot šo žaketi ķīmiskajā tīrītavā.
I need to get my watch repaired. Man jānodod pulkstenis labošanā.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Cik maksā iztīrīt paklāju?
How long will it take? Cik ilgi tas aizņems?
When will it be ready? Kad būs gatavs?

Salīdziniet. Trīs teikumi no vieniem un tiem pašiem vārdiem runā par trim dažādām lietām:

I cut my hair. Es apgriezu matus pats, ar šķērēm.
I had my hair cut. Man apgrieza matus — frizētavā.
I had cut my hair. Es biju apgriezis matus pats — pirms cita notikuma (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Visu izšķir trešās formas vieta: pēc priekšmeta — pakalpojums, tūlīt pēc had — Past Perfect. Un vēl viens pāris: My car was repaired — mašīnu salaboja, un nav svarīgi, kurš to nokārtoja; I had my car repaired — es to nodevu remontā.

get bez pasūtītāja: „ar mani notika”. Ja lieta stāv kā teikuma priekšmets un tūlīt aiz tās nāk get un trešā forma, iznāk sarunvalodas ciešamā kārta: My bike got stolen. — „Man nozaga velosipēdu”. Tā ir ciešamā kārta no B1 #13, tikai was vietā — got. Tā runā par to, kas notika negaidīti, visbiežāk nepatīkami: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Jautājums un noliegums — ar do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. Rakstos un ziņās parasti saka was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Nodevu velosipēdu remontā — izdarīja manā vietā, pēc pasūtījuma.
My bike got stolen. Man nozaga velosipēdu — tas ar mani notika.

Pirmajā frāzē aiz get stāv priekšmets — tas ir pakalpojums. Otrajā priekšmets kļuvis par teikuma priekšmetu, un neviens neko nepasūtīja. To pašu nepatikšanu var izteikt arī ar have: I had my bike stolen nozīmē to pašu, ko My bike got stolen.

Vēl piemēri:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Rīt eju pārbaudīt redzi.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Pirms izvākšanās pasūtījām visa dzīvokļa uzkopšanu.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Viņa reizi divās nedēļās taisa manikīru.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Mani nekad nav fotografējis profesionāls fotogrāfs.

Tā nesaka. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. Nozīmes darbības vārdu had raksta un izrunā pilnībā.

Pārbaudiet sevi. Kā pateikt „Man salaboja pulksteni” — ja jūs to nodevāt darbnīcā? Ko nozīmē I had cut my hair? Kā pajautāt „Kur tu griez matus?”

rādīt atbildes
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; es apgriezu matus pats, un tas bija pirms cita notikuma pagātnē; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
Reklāma

Latviešu valodas runātāju kļūdas

pielāgots tavai valodai
1

Vienkāršs darbības vārds „pasūtīju” vietā

I cut my hair yesterday par apmeklējumu frizētavā angliski nozīmē, ka šķēres paņēmāt jūs paši. Vajag I had my hair cut vai I got my hair cut. Latviešu „apgriezu matus”, „salaboju mašīnu” nesaka, kurš strādāja, un atšķirība nav jūtama. Angliski to nes konstrukcija.

2

make vai do have vietā

✗ I made my hair cut

✗ We made a repair in the kitchen

✓ I had my hair cut

We had the kitchen renovated / We had some work done in the kitchen. Sarunvalodā „taisām remontu”, „uztaisīju manikīru” — ar „taisīt”, un roka stiepjas pēc make vai do. Bet pakalpojuma pasūtīšanu angliski izsaka tikai have vai get.

3

Trešā forma pirms priekšmeta

I had repaired my car nav „nodevu remontā”, bet „es pats salaboju mašīnu pirms cita notikuma” (Past Perfect). Latviešu „man salaboja mašīnu” liek darbības vārdu pirms priekšmeta, un trešā forma aizslīd uz priekšu. Pakalpojumam priekšmets stāv pirms trešās formas: I had my car repaired.

4

Pamatforma trešās formas vietā

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. Latviski „nodevu mašīnu labot” saka ar nenoteiksmi, un tā pārceļas angļu teikumā. Bet pēc priekšmeta šeit stāv ciešamās kārtas daļa, un tai vajag trešo formu.

Izruna

3 min

Galvenais uzsvars krīt uz priekšmetu, nevis uz darbības vārdu:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Trešā forma skan klusāk. Tieši tas pēc dzirdes atšķir konstrukciju no Past Perfect, kur uzsvars ir uz nozīmes darbības vārdu: I'd cut my hair.

had pakalpojumā nesaplūst ar vietniekvārdu: I had /aɪ hæd/ vai /aɪ həd/, bet ne /aɪd/. Ja dzirdat /aɪd/, tas ir Past Perfect vai would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — tā britu angļu valodā sauc pašu frizētavu: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

Reklāma

Teksts

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Lasīšana skaļi

Vingrinājumi

30 min

1. Atveriet iekavas:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — mēs jau esam izlēmuši
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Rādīt atbildes
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Pārrakstiet:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Rādīt atbildes
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Pārveidojiet par jautājumu

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (vispārīgais jautājums)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Rādīt atbildes
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Kļūdas atrašana.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I made my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Rādīt atbildes
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Savienošana.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Rādīt atbildes
`I cut my hair.` — apgriezu matus pats; `I had my hair cut.` — man apgrieza matus frizētavā; `I had cut my hair.` — apgriezu matus pats pirms cita notikuma; `They had their car stolen.` — viņiem nozaga mašīnu

6. Pārrakstiet sarunvalodiski:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Rādīt atbildes
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Pārtulkojiet angliski.

1) Vakar es apgriezu matus (frizētavā). 2) Mums pašlaik krāso virtuvi. 3) Kur tu remontē mašīnu? 4) Manai māsai autobusā nozaga telefonu. 5) Mēs taisāmies ielikt jaunas durvis. 6) Cik maksā iztīrīt paklāju?

Rādīt atbildes
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Atbildiet pilnos teikumos

— par sevi. Atbildes zemāk ir paraugs. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Rādīt atbildes
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
Reklāma

Kopsavilkums

Apgūts: have + priekšmets + trešā forma visos laikos, noliegums un jautājums ar do, get kā sarunvalodas variants, nepatikšanas nozīme, frāzes pakalpojuma pasūtīšanai, atšķirība no Past Perfect un no vienkāršas ciešamās kārtas; ciešamā kārta ar get par to, kas notika: My bike got stolen pret I got my bike repaired. Tālāk — 15. nodarbība: precīzs pārstāsts.

Pamata beigas

Mācība tiek uzskatīta par pabeigtu, kad vingrinājumi ir izpildīti. Viss pēc tam ir pēc izvēles.

Mācība 87

pēc izvēles

Vārdi kartīšu kavai

17 vārdi
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ frizieris
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ matu griezums
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ labot, remontēt
  • fix /fɪks/ salabot
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ uzstādīt
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ piegādāt
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ veikt apkopi (mašīnai, katlam)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ veļas mašīna
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ apkures katls
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ novērošanas kamera
  • part /pɑːt/ detaļa
  • hall /hɔːl/ priekšnams
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ ielikt, uzstādīt
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ noņemt, novākt
  • nails /neɪlz/ nagi
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ kaimiņš
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ ciest, gūt traumu

Rakstīšana

Pieci seši teikumi par remontu vai pakalpojumiem: ko jums nesen izdarīja, ko dara tagad, ko gatavojaties pasūtīt. Vismaz vienā teikumā — get, vienā — jautājums ar do vai did.

Paraugs

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

Pašpārbaudes saraksts

Melnraksts saglabāts šajā ierīcē
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Praktizē šo nodarbību citās sadaļās

Diktātsbalstīts uz šo mācību Pierakstiet, ko dzirdat. Pārbaude parāda katru atšķirīgo vārdu un kā. Rakstīt diktātu Lasīšana skaļibalstīts uz šo mācību Lasiet mācības tekstu skaļi — runas atpazīšana izceļ vārdus, kurus tā nesadzirdēja. Lasīt tekstu skaļi Lasīšana un klausīšanāsA1–C1 Teksti visos līmeņos ar izpratnes jautājumiem; transkripts atveras pēc atbildes. Izmēģināt

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