Tatabahasa ~53 min daripada teras tinggal

Menempah perkhidmatan

Selepas pelajaran ini anda boleh

Saya boleh mengatakan bahawa sesuatu kerja tidak saya lakukan sendiri tetapi saya tempah — tentang pembaikan, potong rambut, penghantaran.

Mulakan pelajaran Teras 53 min · langkah: 6 · pilihan: +2

Masa teras yang diisytiharkan. Dua blok teras tidak membawa sebarang angka, jadi pelajaran sebenar lebih panjang daripada jumlah ini.

Tatabahasa

15 min

“Saya potong rambut”, “saya baiki kereta”, “kami pasang tingkap baharu” — dalam bahasa Melayu ayat seperti ini tidak menunjukkan sama ada anda melakukannya dengan tangan sendiri atau membayar orang lain. Bahasa Inggeris membezakannya. Jika kerja itu dilakukan oleh orang lain atas permintaan anda — tukang, pendandan rambut, penghantar — digunakan have + benda + bentuk ketiga.

Bentuk: have — APA — bentuk ketiga. Ini ayat pasif dari B1 #13 yang ditambah dengan orang yang menempah: My hair was cut — “rambut saya digunting” — menjadi I had my hair cut — “saya menggunting rambut (di kedai gunting rambut)”. Susunannya tetap: mula-mula have, kemudian benda, kemudian bentuk ketiga. Bentuk ketiga tidak berubah; kala ditunjukkan oleh have.

kala contoh dalam bahasa Melayu
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Saya menggunting rambut setiap enam minggu.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Dapur kami sedang dicat oleh tukang.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. Minggu lalu saya menghantar kereta untuk dibaiki.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Saya baru sahaja memeriksa mata.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Kami akan memasang tingkap baharu.
kata kerja modal You should have the boiler checked every year. Dandang pemanas patut diperiksa setiap tahun.

Benda itu boleh diganti dengan kata ganti nama, dan kata ganti nama itu berdiri di tempat yang sama: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Ayat nafi dan ayat tanya. have di sini ialah kata kerja utama biasa, seperti dalam have breakfast. Oleh itu ayat nafi dan ayat tanya dibina dengan do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Atas sebab yang sama had di sini tidak disingkatkan menjadi 'd.

Bila digunakan.

Perkhidmatan: pembaikan, potong rambut, penghantaran, pembersihan. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Sofa itu dihantar kepada kami pada hari Sabtu. Kami yang menempahnya, tetapi orang lain yang menghantarnya.

Kejadian buruk yang menimpa anda: They had their car stolen. — Kereta mereka dicuri. She had her bag stolen on the train. Di sini tiada siapa yang menempah apa-apa: bentuk ini hanya menunjukkan bahawa yang menjadi mangsa ialah orang, bukan hanya benda.

get sebagai ganti have — maknanya sama, cuma lebih santai: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? Dalam pertuturan British get sangat kerap, terutamanya apabila urusan itu sukar diatur atau sudah lama ditangguhkan.

Cara menempah perkhidmatan. Di bengkel atau melalui telefon ungkapan siap ini membantu:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Saya mahu menghantar jaket ini untuk dicuci kering.
I need to get my watch repaired. Saya perlu membaiki jam tangan saya.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Berapakah kos untuk mencuci permaidani?
How long will it take? Berapa lama masa yang diambil?
When will it be ready? Bila boleh siap?

Bandingkan. Tiga ayat daripada perkataan yang sama menyatakan tiga perkara yang berbeza:

I cut my hair. Saya menggunting rambut sendiri, dengan gunting.
I had my hair cut. Rambut saya digunting orang — di kedai gunting rambut.
I had cut my hair. Saya menggunting rambut sendiri — sebelum peristiwa lain (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Segala-galanya ditentukan oleh kedudukan bentuk ketiga: selepas benda — perkhidmatan, terus selepas had — Past Perfect. Dan satu pasangan lagi: My car was repaired — kereta itu dibaiki, dan tidak penting siapa yang mengaturnya; I had my car repaired — saya menghantarnya untuk dibaiki.

get tanpa orang yang menempah: “sesuatu menimpa saya”. Jika benda itu menjadi subjek dan terus selepasnya datang get dan bentuk ketiga, terhasillah ayat pasif santai: My bike got stolen. — “Basikal saya dicuri”. Ini ayat pasif dari B1 #13, cuma got menggantikan was. Begini orang bercakap tentang sesuatu yang berlaku tanpa diduga, paling kerap yang tidak menyenangkan: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Ayat tanya dan ayat nafi — dengan do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. Dalam tulisan dan dalam berita biasanya digunakan was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Saya menghantar basikal untuk dibaiki — dibuat untuk saya, atas tempahan.
My bike got stolen. Basikal saya dicuri — ia menimpa saya.

Dalam ayat pertama selepas get ada benda — ini perkhidmatan. Dalam ayat kedua benda itu menjadi subjek, dan tiada siapa yang menempah apa-apa. Kejadian buruk yang sama boleh juga disampaikan dengan have: I had my bike stolen bermaksud sama dengan My bike got stolen.

Contoh lain:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Esok saya akan pergi memeriksa mata.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Sebelum berpindah kami menempah pembersihan seluruh rumah pangsa.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Dia mendandan kuku setiap dua minggu.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Gambar saya tidak pernah diambil oleh jurugambar profesional.

Jangan sebut begini. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. had sebagai kata kerja utama ditulis dan disebut sepenuhnya.

Uji diri anda. Bagaimana hendak mengatakan “jam tangan saya sudah dibaiki” — anda telah menghantarnya ke kedai? Apakah maksud I had cut my hair? Bagaimana hendak bertanya “Awak potong rambut di mana?”

tunjukkan jawapan
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; saya menggunting rambut sendiri, dan itu berlaku sebelum peristiwa lain pada masa lampau; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
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Kesilapan penutur bahasa Melayu

ditulis untuk bahasa anda
1

Kata kerja biasa sebagai ganti “menempah”

I cut my hair yesterday tentang kunjungan ke kedai gunting rambut — dalam bahasa Inggeris ini bermaksud anda sendiri yang memegang gunting. Diperlukan I had my hair cut atau I got my hair cut. “Saya potong rambut semalam” tidak menyatakan siapa yang memotong, jadi perbezaan itu tidak terasa.

2

make atau do sebagai ganti have

✗ I made my hair cut

✗ We did a repair in the kitchen

✓ I had my hair cut

We had the kitchen renovated. “Buat rambut”, “buat servis kereta”, “buat ubah suai dapur” — dengan “buat”, jadi tangan mencapai make atau do. Tetapi tempahan perkhidmatan dalam bahasa Inggeris hanya disampaikan dengan have atau get.

3

Bentuk asas sebagai ganti bentuk ketiga

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. Kata kerja Melayu tidak berubah bentuk, dan kala sudah ditunjukkan oleh have. Tetapi bahagian kedua bersifat pasif dan memerlukan bentuk ketiga.

4

had sebagai penanda masa lampau

I had repaired my car bukan “saya menghantar kereta untuk dibaiki”, tetapi Past Perfect: saya sendiri membaikinya sebelum peristiwa lain. Untuk perkhidmatan, benda diletakkan sebelum bentuk ketiga: I had my car repaired.

5

did dengan had

✗ Did you had your car repaired?

✓ Did you have your car repaired?

Masa lampau sudah ditunjukkan oleh did, jadi selepasnya have dalam bentuk asas.

Sebutan

3 min

Tekanan utama jatuh pada benda, bukan pada kata kerja:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Bentuk ketiga kedengaran lebih perlahan. Inilah yang membezakan binaan ini daripada Past Perfect semasa mendengar, kerana dalam Past Perfect tekanan jatuh pada kata kerja utama: I'd cut my hair.

had dalam perkhidmatan tidak bercantum dengan kata ganti nama: I had /aɪ hæd/ atau /aɪ həd/, tetapi bukan /aɪd/. Jika anda mendengar /aɪd/, itu Past Perfect atau would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — begitulah kedai pendandan rambut sendiri dinamakan dalam bahasa Inggeris British: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

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Teks

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

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Latihan

30 min

1. Isian tempat kosong:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — kami sudah membuat keputusan
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Tunjukkan jawapan
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Tulis semula:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Tunjukkan jawapan
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Tukarkan kepada ayat tanya

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (soalan ya/tidak)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Tunjukkan jawapan
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Pengesanan kesilapan.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I made my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Tunjukkan jawapan
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Padanan.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Tunjukkan jawapan
`I cut my hair.` — menggunting rambut sendiri; `I had my hair cut.` — rambut saya digunting di kedai gunting rambut; `I had cut my hair.` — menggunting rambut sendiri sebelum peristiwa lain; `They had their car stolen.` — kereta mereka dicuri

6. Tulis semula dalam gaya santai:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Tunjukkan jawapan
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris.

1) Semalam saya menggunting rambut (di kedai gunting rambut). 2) Sekarang dapur kami sedang dicat oleh tukang. 3) Di mana awak membaiki kereta awak? 4) Telefon kakak saya dicuri di dalam bas. 5) Kami bercadang untuk memasang pintu baharu. 6) Berapakah kos untuk mencuci permaidani?

Tunjukkan jawapan
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Jawab dengan ayat lengkap

— tentang diri anda. Jawapan di bawah hanyalah contoh. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Tunjukkan jawapan
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
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Rumusan

Telah dipelajari: have + benda + bentuk ketiga dalam semua kala, ayat nafi dan ayat tanya dengan do, get sebagai pilihan santai, makna kejadian buruk, ungkapan untuk menempah perkhidmatan, perbezaan daripada Past Perfect dan daripada ayat pasif biasa; ayat pasif dengan get tentang sesuatu yang berlaku: My bike got stolen berbanding I got my bike repaired. Seterusnya — pelajaran 15: menyampaikan kata-kata orang lain dengan tepat.

Tamat teras

Pelajaran dikira selesai apabila latihan sudah dilakukan. Semua selepas ini adalah pilihan.

Pelajaran 87

pilihan

Kosa kata untuk dek

17 perkataan
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ pendandan rambut
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ potongan rambut
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ membaiki
  • fix /fɪks/ membaiki
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ memasang
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ menghantar
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ menyervis (kereta, dandang pemanas)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ mesin basuh
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ dandang pemanas (rumah)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ kamera keselamatan
  • part /pɑːt/ alat ganti
  • hall /hɔːl/ ruang masuk
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ memasang
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ menanggalkan, mengalihkan
  • nails /neɪlz/ kuku
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ jiran
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ tercedera

Penulisan

Lima atau enam ayat tentang pembaikan atau perkhidmatan: apa yang dibuat untuk anda baru-baru ini, apa yang sedang dibuat sekarang, apa yang anda bercadang untuk tempah. Sekurang-kurangnya satu ayat dengan get, satu — ayat tanya dengan do atau did.

Contoh

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

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