Gramatika ~53 min od osnove preostalo

Naručiti uslugu

Nakon ove lekcije možete

Mogu da kažem da nešto nisam uradio sam, nego sam to naručio — popravku, šišanje, dostavu.

Započni lekciju Jezgro 53 min · koraci: 6 · opciono: +2

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Gramatika

15 min

„Ošišao sam se“, „popravio sam auto“, „stavili smo nove prozore“ — iz takvih srpskih rečenica se ne vidi da li si to uradio svojim rukama ili si nekome platio. Engleski to razlikuje. Ako je posao po tvom zahtevu uradio neko drugi — majstor, frizer, kurir — kaže se have + predmet + treći oblik.

Oblik: have — ŠTA — treći oblik. To je pasiv iz B1 #13 kome je dodat naručilac: My hair was cut — „ošišali su me“ — pretvara se u I had my hair cut — „ošišao sam se (kod frizera)“. Redosled je strog: prvo have, zatim predmet, zatim treći oblik. Treći oblik se ne menja, vreme pokazuje have.

vreme primer na srpskom
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Šišam se svakih šest nedelja.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Sada nam kreče kuhinju.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. Prošle nedelje sam dao auto na popravku.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Upravo sam proverio vid.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Stavljaćemo nove prozore.
modalni glagol You should have the boiler checked every year. Kotao treba proveravati svake godine.

Predmet može da se zameni zamenicom, i ona staje na isto mesto: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Odrična rečenica i pitanje. have je ovde običan glavni glagol, kao u have breakfast. Zato se odrična rečenica i pitanje grade sa do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Iz istog razloga se had ovde ne skraćuje u 'd.

Kada se koristi.

Usluga: popravka, šišanje, dostava, čišćenje. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Kauč su nam dovezli u subotu. Mi smo ga naručili, a dovezli su ga drugi ljudi.

Neprijatnost koja ti se desila: They had their car stolen. — Ukrali su im auto. She had her bag stolen on the train. Ovde niko ništa nije naručivao: oblik samo pokazuje da je oštećen čovek, a ne samo stvar.

get umesto have — isto to, samo razgovornije: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? U britanskom govoru get je veoma čest, posebno kad je stvar teško srediti ili se dugo odlagala.

Kako naručiti uslugu. U radionici ili telefonom pomoći će gotove fraze:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Hteo bih da dam ovu jaknu na čišćenje.
I need to get my watch repaired. Treba da popravim sat.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Koliko košta čišćenje tepiha?
How long will it take? Koliko će to trajati?
When will it be ready? Kada će biti gotovo?

Uporedi. Tri rečenice od istih reči govore o tri različite stvari:

I cut my hair. Ošišao sam se sam, makazama.
I had my hair cut. Ošišali su me — kod frizera.
I had cut my hair. Ošišao sam se sam — pre drugog događaja (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Sve odlučuje mesto trećeg oblika: posle predmeta — usluga, odmah posle had — Past Perfect. I još jedan par: My car was repaired — auto je popravljen, i nije važno ko je to sredio; I had my car repaired — dao sam ga na popravku.

get bez naručioca: „desilo mi se“. Ako stvar stoji kao podmet, a odmah iza nje dolaze get i treći oblik, dobija se razgovorni pasiv: My bike got stolen. — „Ukrali su mi bicikl“. To je pasiv iz B1 #13, samo umesto was stoji got. Tako se govori o onome što se desilo neočekivano, najčešće neprijatno: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Pitanje i odrična rečenica — sa do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. U pisanju i u vestima obično se kaže was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Dao sam bicikl na popravku — uradili su to za mene, po narudžbini.
My bike got stolen. Ukrali su mi bicikl — desilo mi se.

U prvoj rečenici iza get stoji predmet — to je usluga. U drugoj je predmet postao podmet, i niko ništa nije naručivao. Istu neprijatnost možeš da preneseš i preko have: I had my bike stolen znači isto što i My bike got stolen.

Još primera:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Sutra idem da proverim vid.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Pre iseljenja smo naručili čišćenje celog stana.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Ona ide na manikir svake dve nedelje.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Nikad me nije slikao profesionalni fotograf.

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. Glavni glagol had piše se i izgovara u celosti.

Proveri se. Kako reći „Popravili su mi sat“ — ako si ga davao u radionicu? Šta znači I had cut my hair? Kako pitati „Gde se šišaš?“

prikaži odgovore
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; ošišao sam se sam, i to je bilo pre drugog događaja u prošlosti; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
Oglas

Greške govornika srpskog jezika

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

Običan glagol umesto „naručio sam“

I cut my hair yesterday o odlasku kod frizera — na engleskom znači da si sam uzeo makaze. Treba I had my hair cut ili I got my hair cut. Isto tako I repaired my car, ako ga je popravio majstor. „Ošišao sam se“, „popravio sam auto“ na srpskom ne govore ko je radio, i razlika se ne oseća. U engleskom je nosi konstrukcija.

2

give ili make umesto have

✗ I gave my car to repair → ✓ I had my car repaired. ✗ I made my hair cut → ✓ I had my hair cut. „Dao sam auto na popravku“, „napravila sam frizuru“ vuku ka give i make. Ali naručenu uslugu u engleskom izražavaju samo have i get.

3

Treći oblik ispred predmeta

I had repaired my car nije „dao sam auto na popravku“, nego „lično sam popravio auto pre drugog događaja“ (Past Perfect). Za uslugu predmet stoji ispred trećeg oblika: I had my car repaired. „Dao sam da poprave auto“ ima redosled „glagol — predmet“, i treći oblik isklizne napred.

4

Osnovni oblik umesto trećeg

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. U „dao sam da poprave“ drugi glagol nije pasivan, a vreme već pokazuje have, pa se drugi glagol ostavi kakav jeste. Ali to je pasivni deo konstrukcije, i njemu treba treći oblik.

5

Pitanje bez do

✗ Had you your car repaired?

✓ Did you have your car repaired?

have u perfektu i u Have you got…? sam izlazi napred, pa se pitanje iz navike gradi isto. Ovde je have glavni glagol, i pitanje mu gradi do.

Izgovor

3 min

Glavni naglasak pada na predmet, a ne na glagol:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Treći oblik zvuči tiše. Po tome se konstrukcija na sluh razlikuje od Past Perfecta, gde je naglasak na glavnom glagolu: I'd cut my hair.

had u usluzi se ne stapa sa zamenicom: I had /aɪ hæd/ ili /aɪ həd/, ali ne /aɪd/. Ako čuješ /aɪd/, to je Past Perfect ili would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — tako se u britanskom engleskom zove sama frizerska radnja: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Čitanje naglas

Vežbe

30 min

1. Otvori zagrade:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — već smo odlučili
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Prikaži odgovore
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Prepiši:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Prikaži odgovore
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Pretvori u pitanje

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (da-ne pitanje)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Prikaži odgovore
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I made my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Prikaži odgovore
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Povezivanje.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Prikaži odgovore
`I cut my hair.` — ošišao se sam; `I had my hair cut.` — ošišali su me kod frizera; `I had cut my hair.` — ošišao se sam pre drugog događaja; `They had their car stolen.` — ukrali su im auto

6. Prepiši razgovorno:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Prikaži odgovore
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Juče sam se ošišao (kod frizera). 2) Sada nam kreče kuhinju. 3) Gde popravljaš auto? 4) Mojoj sestri su ukrali telefon u autobusu. 5) Planiramo da stavimo nova vrata. 6) Koliko košta čišćenje tepiha?

Prikaži odgovore
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Odgovori ispod su primer. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Prikaži odgovore
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno: have + predmet + treći oblik u svim vremenima, odrična rečenica i pitanje sa do, get kao razgovorna varijanta, značenje neprijatnosti, fraze za naručivanje usluge, razlika od Past Perfecta i od običnog pasiva; get-pasiv o onome što se desilo: My bike got stolen naspram I got my bike repaired. Sledi lekcija 15: tačno prepričavanje.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 87

opciono

Reči za špil

17 reči
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ frizer
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ šišanje, frizura
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ popraviti
  • fix /fɪks/ popraviti
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ ugraditi, instalirati
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ dostaviti
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ servisirati (auto, kotao)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ veš-mašina
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ kotao (za grejanje)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ sigurnosna kamera
  • part /pɑːt/ deo
  • hall /hɔːl/ predsoblje, hodnik
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ staviti, ugraditi
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ skinuti, ukloniti
  • nails /neɪlz/ nokti
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ komšija, sused
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ povrediti se

Pisanje

Pet-šest rečenica o renoviranju ili uslugama: šta su ti nedavno uradili, šta ti rade sada, šta nameravaš da naručiš. Bar jedna rečenica — sa get, jedna — pitanje sa do ili did.

Primer

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

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