Gramàtica ~53 min del nucli restant

Encarregar un servei

Després d'aquesta lliçó podràs

Sé dir que una cosa no l'he feta jo, sinó que l'he encarregada: una reparació, un tall de cabells, un lliurament a domicili.

Comença la lliçó Nucli 53 min · passos: 6 · opcional: +2

Temps declarat del nucli. Dos blocs del nucli no porten cap xifra, per tant la lliçó real és més llarga que aquesta suma.

Gramàtica

15 min

«M'he tallat els cabells», «he arreglat el cotxe», «hem posat finestres noves»: en català aquestes frases no sempre diuen si ho has fet amb les teves mans o si has pagat algú. Si cal precisar-ho, el català té «fer» + infinitiu: «he fet arreglar el cotxe». L'anglès ho distingeix sempre. Si la feina l'ha feta una altra persona perquè tu ho has demanat —un operari, el perruquer, un missatger—, es diu have + l'objecte + la tercera forma.

La forma: have — QUÈ — tercera forma. És la passiva de la B1 #13 amb el client afegit: My hair was cut, «em van tallar els cabells», es converteix en I had my hair cut, «em vaig tallar els cabells (a la perruqueria)». L'ordre és estricte: primer have, després l'objecte, després la tercera forma. La tercera forma no canvia; el temps el marca have.

temps exemple en català
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Em tallo els cabells cada sis setmanes.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Ara ens estan pintant la cuina.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. La setmana passada vaig portar el cotxe a arreglar.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. M'acaben de revisar la vista.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Farem posar finestres noves.
verb modal You should have the boiler checked every year. La caldera s'hauria de fer revisar cada any.

L'objecte es pot substituir per un pronom, que va al mateix lloc: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Negació i pregunta. Aquí have és un verb principal normal, com a have breakfast. Per això la negació i la pregunta es fan amb do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Per la mateixa raó, aquí had no s'abreuja en 'd.

Quan es fa servir.

Un servei: reparacions, tall de cabells, lliurament a domicili, neteja. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Dissabte ens van portar el sofà. L'havíem encarregat nosaltres, i el van portar uns altres.

Un contratemps que t'ha passat a tu: They had their car stolen. — Els van robar el cotxe. She had her bag stolen on the train. Aquí ningú no ha encarregat res: la forma només mostra que el perjudicat és una persona, no només una cosa.

get en lloc de have: és el mateix, però més col·loquial: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? En l'anglès britànic get és molt freqüent, sobretot quan la cosa costa d'organitzar o fa temps que s'ajorna.

Com encarregar un servei. Al taller o per telèfon t'ajudaran aquestes frases fetes:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Voldria portar aquesta jaqueta a la tintoreria.
I need to get my watch repaired. He de fer arreglar el rellotge.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Quant costa fer netejar una catifa?
How long will it take? Quant temps trigarà?
When will it be ready? Quan estarà llest?

Compara. Tres frases amb les mateixes paraules diuen tres coses diferents:

I cut my hair. Em vaig tallar els cabells jo mateix, amb les tisores.
I had my hair cut. Em van tallar els cabells, a la perruqueria.
I had cut my hair. M'havia tallat els cabells jo mateix, abans d'una altra cosa (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Tot ho decideix el lloc de la tercera forma: darrere de l'objecte, és un servei; just darrere de had, és el plusquamperfet. I una parella més: My car was repaired, van arreglar el cotxe, i no importa qui ho va organitzar; I had my car repaired, el vaig portar a arreglar.

get sense client: «m'ha passat». Si la cosa fa de subjecte i just darrere hi ha get i la tercera forma, surt una passiva col·loquial: My bike got stolen. — «M'han robat la bicicleta». És la passiva de la B1 #13, però amb got en lloc de was. Es fa servir per a coses que passen de sobte, gairebé sempre desagradables: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. La pregunta i la negació es fan amb do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. Per escrit i a les notícies se sol dir was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Vaig portar la bicicleta a arreglar: ho van fer per a mi, per encàrrec.
My bike got stolen. Em van robar la bicicleta: em va passar.

A la primera frase, darrere de get hi ha l'objecte: és un servei. A la segona, l'objecte ha passat a ser el subjecte, i ningú no ha encarregat res. El mateix contratemps també es pot dir amb have: I had my bike stolen vol dir el mateix que My bike got stolen.

Més exemples:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Demà vaig a revisar-me la vista.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Abans de deixar el pis, el vam fer netejar sencer.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Es fa la manicura cada dues setmanes.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Mai no m'ha fet fotos un fotògraf professional.

Així no es diu. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. El had que fa de verb principal s'escriu i es pronuncia sencer.

Posa't a prova. Com es diu «em van arreglar el rellotge», si l'havies portat al rellotger? Què vol dir I had cut my hair? Com es pregunta «on et talles els cabells»?

mostra les respostes
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; que em vaig tallar els cabells jo mateix, i que va ser abans d'una altra cosa del passat; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
Anunci

Errors dels parlants de català

adaptada al teu idioma
1

«M'he tallat els cabells» paraula per paraula

I cut my hair yesterday, després d'anar a la perruqueria, en anglès vol dir que vas agafar les tisores tu mateix. Cal I had my hair cut o I got my hair cut. En català «m'he tallat els cabells» s'entén gairebé sempre com «he anat a la perruqueria»; en anglès, no.

2

«Fer arreglar» amb make

✗ I made repair my car

✗ I made my hair cut

✓ I had my car repaired

I had my hair cut. El «fer» de «he fet arreglar el cotxe» o de «m'he fet tallar els cabells» porta cap a make. Però encarregar un servei, en anglès, és només have o get.

3

L'ordre de «fer arreglar el cotxe»

I had repaired my car no vol dir «el vaig fer arreglar», sinó «l'havia arreglat jo mateix» (Past Perfect). En català el verb va davant de la cosa; en anglès la cosa va davant de la tercera forma: I had my car repaired. Igual amb ✗ We're having painted the kitchen → ✓ We're having the kitchen painted.

4

La forma bàsica en lloc de la tercera

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. Darrere de «fer» va l'infinitiu, i sembla que en anglès també n'hi ha prou amb la forma bàsica. Però aquesta és la part passiva de l'estructura, i necessita la tercera forma.

5

«Em van robar el mòbil» paraula per paraula

✗ They stole me the phone

✓ I had my phone stolen / My phone got stolen

El «em» català diu a qui ha perjudicat el robatori, però darrere de stole no hi pot anar la persona. La persona es diu amb had … stolen, o amb my i got stolen.

Pronunciació

3 min

L'accent principal cau en l'objecte, no en el verb:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

La tercera forma sona més fluixa. Això és el que distingeix l'estructura, d'oïda, del Past Perfect, on l'accent cau en el verb principal: I'd cut my hair.

El had del servei no es fon amb el pronom: I had /aɪ hæd/ o /aɪ həd/, però no /aɪd/. Si sents /aɪd/, és Past Perfect o would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/: així anomena l'anglès britànic la perruqueria mateixa: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

Anunci

Text

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Exercicis

30 min

1. Completar:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — ja ho hem decidit
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Mostra les respostes
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Reescriure:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Mostra les respostes
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Transformar en pregunta

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (pregunta de sí o no)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Mostra les respostes
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Trobar l'error i corregir-lo.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I made my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Mostra les respostes
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Relacionar.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Mostra les respostes
`I cut my hair.` — em vaig tallar els cabells jo mateix; `I had my hair cut.` — me'ls van tallar a la perruqueria; `I had cut my hair.` — me'ls havia tallat jo mateix abans d'una altra cosa; `They had their car stolen.` — els van robar el cotxe

6. Reescriure en registre col·loquial:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Mostra les respostes
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Traduir a l'anglès.

1) Ahir em vaig tallar els cabells (a la perruqueria). 2) Ara ens estan pintant la cuina. 3) On portes el cotxe a arreglar? 4) A la meva germana li van robar el mòbil a l'autobús. 5) Farem posar una porta nova. 6) Quant costa fer netejar una catifa?

Mostra les respostes
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Respondre amb frases completes

, sobre tu. Les respostes de sota són un model. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Mostra les respostes
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
Anunci

Resum

Après en aquesta lliçó: have + objecte + tercera forma en tots els temps, la negació i la pregunta amb do, get com a variant col·loquial, el sentit de contratemps, frases per encarregar un servei, la diferència amb el Past Perfect i amb la passiva simple; la passiva amb get per a una cosa que t'ha passat: My bike got stolen contra I got my bike repaired. A continuació, la lliçó 15: transmetre amb precisió el que ha dit un altre.

Final del nucli

La lliçó es considera feta quan s’han completat els exercicis. Tot el que hi ha després és opcional.

Lliçó 87

opcional

Vocabulari per a la baralla

17 paraules
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ perruquer, perruquera
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ tall de cabells
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ reparar, arreglar
  • fix /fɪks/ arreglar, reparar
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ instal·lar
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ lliurar, portar a domicili
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ fer la revisió (del cotxe, de la caldera)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ rentadora
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ caldera (de calefacció)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ càmera de vigilància
  • part /pɑːt/ peça
  • hall /hɔːl/ rebedor
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ posar, instal·lar
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ treure, retirar
  • nails /neɪlz/ ungles
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ veí
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ fer-se mal, resultar ferit

Escriptura

Cinc o sis frases sobre obres o serveis: què t'han fet fa poc, què t'estan fent ara i què penses encarregar. Com a mínim una frase amb get i una pregunta amb do o did.

Model

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

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