Gramatika ~53 min jezgre preostalo

Naručiti uslugu

Nakon ove lekcije možete

Mogu reći da nešto nisam učinio sam, nego sam to naručio — popravak, šišanje, dostavu.

Započni lekciju Jezgra 53 min · koraci: 6 · neobavezno: +2

Navedeno vrijeme jezgre. Dva bloka jezgre nemaju brojku, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbroja.

Gramatika

15 min

„Ošišao sam se“, „popravio sam auto“, „stavili smo nove prozore“ — iz takvih se rečenica u hrvatskom često ne vidi jesi li to učinio vlastitim rukama ili si nekome platio. Hrvatski to može reći („dao sam popraviti auto“), ali ne mora. Engleski to razlikuje uvijek. Ako je posao na tvoju molbu obavio netko drugi — majstor, frizer, dostavljač — kaže se have + predmet + treći oblik.

Oblik: have — ŠTO — treći oblik. To je pasiv iz B1 #13 kojem je dodan naručitelj: My hair was cut — „ošišali su me“ — postaje I had my hair cut — „ošišao sam se (kod frizera)“. Red je strog: najprije have, zatim predmet, zatim treći oblik. Treći se oblik ne mijenja, vrijeme pokazuje have.

vrijeme primjer na hrvatskom
Present Simple I have my hair cut every six weeks. Šišam se svakih šest tjedana.
Present Continuous We're having the kitchen painted. Upravo nam boje kuhinju.
Past Simple I had my car repaired last week. Prošli sam tjedan dao auto na popravak.
Present Perfect I've just had my eyes tested. Upravo sam bio na pregledu vida.
going to We're going to have new windows put in. Namjeravamo ugraditi nove prozore.
modalni glagol You should have the boiler checked every year. Kotao bi trebalo dati na pregled svake godine.

Predmet se može zamijeniti zamjenicom, i ona dolazi na isto mjesto: I had it cut, We had them delivered.

Niječnica i pitanje. have je ovdje običan glavni glagol, kao u have breakfast. Zato se niječnica i pitanje grade s do, does, did: I didn't have it cut, Did you have your car repaired?, Where do you have your hair cut?, How often do you have your windows cleaned? Iz istog se razloga had ovdje ne skraćuje u 'd.

Kada se upotrebljava.

Usluga: popravak, šišanje, dostava, čišćenje. We had the sofa delivered on Saturday. — Kauč su nam dovezli u subotu. Mi smo ga naručili, a vozili su ga drugi ljudi.

Neugodnost koja ti se dogodila: They had their car stolen. — Ukrali su im auto. She had her bag stolen on the train. Ovdje nitko ništa nije naručio: oblik samo pokazuje da je stradao čovjek, a ne samo stvar.

get umjesto have — isto, samo razgovornije: I need to get my phone fixed. Where did you get your hair cut? U britanskom govoru get je vrlo čest, osobito kad je stvar teško srediti ili se dugo odgađala.

Kako naručiti uslugu. U radionici ili na telefonu pomoći će gotove rečenice:

I'd like to have this jacket cleaned, please. Htio bih dati ovu jaknu na čišćenje.
I need to get my watch repaired. Moram dati sat na popravak.
How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? Koliko košta čišćenje tepiha?
How long will it take? Koliko će to trajati?
When will it be ready? Kada će biti gotovo?

Usporedi. Tri rečenice od istih riječi govore o tri različite stvari:

I cut my hair. Sâm sam se ošišao, škarama.
I had my hair cut. Ošišali su me — kod frizera.
I had cut my hair. Sâm sam se ošišao — prije drugog događaja (Past Perfect, B1 #1).

Sve odlučuje mjesto trećeg oblika: iza predmeta — usluga, odmah iza had — pretprošlo vrijeme. I još jedan par: My car was repaired — auto je popravljen, i nije važno tko je to sredio; I had my car repaired — dao sam ga na popravak.

get bez naručitelja: „to mi se dogodilo“. Ako je stvar subjekt, a odmah iza nje dolaze get i treći oblik, dobiva se razgovorni pasiv: My bike got stolen. — „Ukrali su mi bicikl“. To je pasiv iz B1 #13, samo umjesto was stoji got. Tako se govori o onome što se dogodilo neočekivano, najčešće neugodno: Our flight got cancelled. He got hurt in a match. I got caught in the rain. Pitanje i niječnica — s do: Did anyone get hurt? The parcel didn't get delivered. U pisanju i u vijestima obično se kaže was: The flight was cancelled.

I got my bike repaired. Dao sam bicikl na popravak — učinili su to za mene, po narudžbi.
My bike got stolen. Ukrali su mi bicikl — to mi se dogodilo.

U prvoj rečenici iza get stoji predmet — to je usluga. U drugoj je predmet postao subjekt, i nitko ništa nije naručio. Istu neugodnost može izraziti i have: I had my bike stolen znači isto što i My bike got stolen.

Još primjera:

I'm having my eyes tested tomorrow. Sutra idem na pregled vida.
We had the whole flat cleaned before we moved out. Prije iseljenja naručili smo čišćenje cijelog stana.
She has her nails done every two weeks. Svaka dva tjedna ide na manikuru.
I've never had my photo taken by a professional. Nikad me nije snimao profesionalni fotograf.

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I'd my hair cut yesterday → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday. Glavni glagol had piše se i izgovara u cijelosti.

Provjeri se. Kako reći „Popravili su mi sat“ — ako si ga davao u radionicu? Što znači I had cut my hair? Kako pitati „Gdje se šišaš?“

prikaži odgovore
I had my watch repaired / I got my watch repaired; sâm sam se ošišao, i to prije drugog događaja u prošlosti; Where do you have your hair cut? / Where do you get your hair cut?
Oglas

Pogreške izvornih govornika hrvatskoga

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

Običan glagol umjesto „naručio sam“

I cut my hair yesterday o odlasku frizeru — na engleskom znači da si sam uzeo škare. Treba I had my hair cut ili I got my hair cut. Isto I repaired my car, ako ga je popravio majstor. „Ošišao sam se“, „popravio sam auto“ u hrvatskom ne govore tko je radio, pa se razlika ne osjeća. U engleskom je nosi konstrukcija.

2

make ili give umjesto have

✗ I made my nails, ✗ I made my hair cut → ✓ I had my nails done, I had my hair cut. ✗ I gave my car to repair → ✓ I had my car repaired. „Napraviti nokte“, „napraviti frizuru“, „dati auto na popravak“ vuku prema make i give. Ali narudžbu usluge u engleskom izražavaju samo have i get.

3

Treći oblik ispred predmeta

I had repaired my car nije „dao sam auto na popravak“, nego „sâm sam popravio auto prije drugog događaja“ (Past Perfect). Za uslugu predmet stoji ispred trećeg oblika: I had my car repaired. „Dao sam popraviti auto“ ima red „glagol — predmet“, i treći oblik sklizne naprijed.

4

Osnovni oblik umjesto trećeg

✗ I had my car repair

✗ We're having the kitchen paint

✓ I had my car repaired

We're having the kitchen painted. U „dao sam popraviti“ drugi glagol stoji u infinitivu, a i vrijeme već pokazuje have, pa se drugi glagol ostavi kakav jest. Ali to je pasivni dio konstrukcije, i treba mu treći oblik.

5

Pitanje bez do

✗ Had you your car repaired?

✓ Did you have your car repaired?

have u perfektu i u Have you got…? sam izlazi naprijed, pa se pitanje iz navike gradi isto. Ovdje je have glavni glagol, i pitanje mu gradi do.

Izgovor

3 min

Glavni naglasak pada na predmet, a ne na glagol:

I had my hair cut. We're having the kitchen painted. I need to get my watch repaired.

Treći oblik zvuči tiše. Po tome se ta konstrukcija na sluh razlikuje od Past Perfecta, gdje je naglasak na glavnom glagolu: I'd cut my hair.

had se u usluzi ne stapa sa zamjenicom: I had /aɪ hæd/ ili /aɪ həd/, ali ne /aɪd/. Ako čuješ /aɪd/, to je Past Perfect ili would.

hairdresser's /ˈheədresəz/ — tako se u britanskom engleskom zove sam frizerski salon: I'm going to the hairdresser's.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

This has been a busy week in our flat. We're having the kitchen painted, so everything from the kitchen is in the hall, and we're eating in the living room.

On Monday I had the washing machine repaired. A man came at nine, changed a small part and left after twenty minutes. It cost forty pounds — less than I had expected. On Wednesday I finally had my hair cut. I hadn't had it cut since the summer, and my neighbour had started to make jokes about it.

Next month we're going to have new windows put in. The old ones are very thin, and in winter the cold comes straight through them.

There is some bad news too. Our neighbours had their car stolen last week, right outside the house. Last year their bikes got stolen from the garden too. So we've decided to have a security camera installed above the front door. This morning I rang a local company.

— Hello, I'd like to have a security camera installed. When could you do it? — We could come on Friday morning. Would nine o'clock be all right? — Perfect. And could I get the old light over the door removed at the same time? — No problem. That'll be another fifteen pounds.

Čitanje naglas

Vježbe

30 min

1. Stavi riječi iz zagrade u pravi oblik:

  1. I (my hair / cut) yesterday
  2. We (the kitchen / paint) at the moment, so we're eating in the living room
  3. How often do you (your car / service)?
  4. Next month we (new windows / put in) — već smo odlučili
  5. She (her bag / steal) on the train last week
  6. I've just (my eyes / test), and I need glasses
  7. You should (the boiler / check) every year
  8. Where did you (that jacket / clean)?
Prikaži odgovore
had my hair cut / got my hair cut; are having the kitchen painted / 're having the kitchen painted; have your car serviced / get your car serviced; are going to have new windows put in / 're going to have new windows put in; had her bag stolen; had my eyes tested; have the boiler checked / get the boiler checked; have that jacket cleaned / get that jacket cleaned

2. Prepiši:

  1. I repaired my bike last week.
  2. She cuts her hair every six weeks.
  3. We are painting the living room.
  4. They cleaned all the windows before the party.
  5. We're going to install a new shower.
  6. Have you repaired your watch yet?
Prikaži odgovore
I had my bike repaired last week / I got my bike repaired last week; She has her hair cut every six weeks / She gets her hair cut every six weeks; We are having the living room painted / We're having the living room painted / We're getting the living room painted; They had all the windows cleaned before the party / They got all the windows cleaned before the party; We're going to have a new shower installed / We are going to have a new shower installed / We're going to get a new shower installed; Have you had your watch repaired yet?

3. Preoblikuj u pitanje

  1. You had your hair cut. (where)
  2. They have their windows cleaned. (how often)
  3. She had her car repaired. (pitanje s odgovorom da ili ne)
  4. You're having the kitchen painted. (when)
Prikaži odgovore
Where did you have your hair cut?; How often do they have their windows cleaned?; Did she have her car repaired?; When are you having the kitchen painted?

4. Pronalaženje pogreške.

  1. I had my car repair last week.
  2. I made my hair cut yesterday.
  3. Had you your car repaired?
  4. We're having painted the kitchen this week.
  5. I'd my hair cut yesterday.
  6. How often do you have cleaned your windows?
Prikaži odgovore
I had my car repaired last week; I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; Did you have your car repaired?; We're having the kitchen painted this week / We are having the kitchen painted this week; I had my hair cut yesterday; How often do you have your windows cleaned?

5. Povezivanje.

  1. I cut my hair.
  2. I had my hair cut.
  3. I had cut my hair.
  4. They had their car stolen.
Prikaži odgovore
`I cut my hair.` — sâm sam se ošišao; `I had my hair cut.` — ošišali su me kod frizera; `I had cut my hair.` — sâm sam se ošišao prije drugog događaja; `They had their car stolen.` — ukrali su im auto

6. Prepiši razgovorno:

  1. My phone was stolen on the bus.
  2. Our flight was cancelled because of the fog.
  3. Was anyone hurt in the accident?
Prikaži odgovore
My phone got stolen on the bus; Our flight got cancelled because of the fog; Did anyone get hurt in the accident?

7. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Jučer sam se ošišao (kod frizera). 2) Upravo nam boje kuhinju. 3) Gdje popravljaš auto? 4) Mojoj su sestri ukrali mobitel u autobusu. 5) Namjeravamo ugraditi nova vrata. 6) Koliko košta čišćenje tepiha?

Prikaži odgovore
I had my hair cut yesterday / I got my hair cut yesterday; We're having the kitchen painted at the moment / We are having the kitchen painted now; Where do you have your car repaired? / Where do you get your car repaired?; My sister had her phone stolen on the bus / My sister's phone was stolen on the bus / My sister's phone got stolen on the bus; We're going to have a new door put in / We're going to have a new door fitted; How much does it cost to have a carpet cleaned? / How much does it cost to get a carpet cleaned?

8. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Rješenja ispod su uzorak. 1) Where do you usually have your hair cut? 2) When did you last have something repaired? 3) What would you like to have done in your flat or house?

Prikaži odgovore
I usually have it cut at a small hairdresser's near my office; I had my phone screen repaired last month; I'd like to have the bathroom painted and a new shower put in
Oglas

Sažetak

Obrađeno: have + predmet + treći oblik u svim vremenima, niječnica i pitanje s do, get kao razgovorna inačica, značenje neugodnosti, rečenice za naručivanje usluge, razlika prema Past Perfectu i prema običnom pasivu; get-pasiv o onome što se dogodilo: My bike got stolen prema I got my bike repaired. Slijedi lekcija 15: točno prepričavanje.

Kraj jezgre

Lekcija se računa kao završena nakon vježbi. Sve nakon toga je neobavezno.

Lekcija 87

neobavezno

Riječi za kartice

17 riječi
  • hairdresser /ˈheədresə/ frizer
  • haircut /ˈheəkʌt/ šišanje, frizura
  • repair /rɪˈpeə/ popraviti
  • fix /fɪks/ popraviti
  • install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ ugraditi, instalirati
  • deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ dostaviti
  • service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ servisirati (auto, kotao)
  • washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ perilica rublja
  • boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ kotao (za grijanje)
  • security camera /sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌkæmrə/ nadzorna kamera
  • part /pɑːt/ dio
  • hall /hɔːl/ predsoblje
  • put in /ˌpʊt ˈɪn/ ugraditi, postaviti
  • remove /rɪˈmuːv/ skinuti, ukloniti
  • nails /neɪlz/ nokti
  • neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ susjed
  • get hurt /ˌɡet ˈhɜːt/ ozlijediti se, stradati

Pisanje

Pet-šest rečenica o popravcima ili uslugama: što su ti nedavno napravili, što rade sada, što namjeravaš naručiti. Barem jedna rečenica — s get, jedna — pitanje s do ili did.

Uzorak

Last month we had the whole flat painted. It took a week, and it cost more than we had planned. At the moment we're having a new carpet laid in the bedroom. Next spring we're going to get the bathroom renovated. I also need to get my bike repaired — the back wheel is broken. Where do you usually have your bike repaired?

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