把谈话接下去，问清楚
能追问、确认，能表示自己同意或者情况相同。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
18 分钟真实的对话靠简短的回应维持：“真的？”“是吗？”“我也是”“不是吗？”。汉语里有几个不变的词就够了。英语却用同一种材料来构成它们——你所回应的那个句子里的助动词。它像回声一样被重复：在问句的尾巴里，在追问里，在“我也是”里。所以第一步永远一样：找到这个动词。
助动词从哪里来。 如果句子里有 be、（完成时的）have、can、will 或其他情态动词，回声就用它。如果没有——在一般现在时和一般过去时里——就由 do、does 或 did 来充当，和普通疑问句一样。
| 句子里 | 回声 |
|---|---|
| You're tired. | are |
| They've finished. | have |
| She can swim. | can |
| You work here. | do |
| He lost his keys. | did |
反意疑问句（附加问句）。 陈述句、逗号，再加一个简短的问句——“……，对吧？”“……，是不是？”。附加问句和前面的句子肯定否定相反：陈述句是肯定的，附加问句就是否定的；陈述句是否定的，附加问句就是肯定的。附加问句里只有助动词和代词。
| You're from Leeds, aren't you? | 您是利兹人，对吧？ |
| She works here, doesn't she? | 她在这儿工作，是不是？ |
| They've finished, haven't they? | 他们已经做完了吧？ |
| It was a great film, wasn't it? | 电影太好看了，不是吗？ |
| You didn't call him, did you? | 你没给他打电话吧？ |
| He can't drive, can he? | 他不会开车，对吧？ |
| There's a cash machine near here, isn't there? | 这附近有自动取款机，对吧？ |
特殊情况。I am 的附加问句是 aren't I：I'm late, aren't I? never、hardly、nobody 本身已经是否定的（第12课），所以后面的附加问句用肯定形式：You've never been to Wales, have you? Let's… 后面用 shall we：Let's have a break, shall we?
语调决定你是不是在提问。 附加问句用降调 ↘——你很有把握，等着对方同意：Lovely day, isn't it? 和陌生人搭话，最常见的就是这样开头。用升调 ↗——你真的不知道，是在提问：You're from Leeds, aren't you?——“……还是我弄错了？”。
简短回答。 回答附加问句和任何一般疑问句，都用同样的回声：— You're from Leeds, aren't you? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. I'm from York. 光说 Yes 或 No 听起来很冷淡。
追问——“是吗？真的？”。 助动词加代词，肯定否定和对方的句子一样，用升调。这样表示兴趣或惊讶，请对方接着讲：
| — I've just got back from Peru. — Have you? How was it? | 是吗？怎么样？ |
| — She's moving to Canada. — Is she? | 真的？ |
| — I didn't sleep at all last night. — Didn't you? Why not? | 一点儿都没睡？ |
| — We went to Iceland in January. — Did you? | 不会吧？ |
如果没听清某个细节，可以在普通问句里插入 did you say：Sorry, where did you say she works?—— “不好意思，你说她在哪儿工作来着？”。或者更简单：Sorry, what did you say?，Sorry, could you say that again?
So do I 和 Neither do I——“我也是”和“我也不”。 So + 助动词 + 主语——同意肯定的说法。 Neither + 助动词 + 主语——同意否定的说法。语序是倒装的，和疑问句一样。
| — I like jazz. — So do I. | 我也喜欢。 |
| — I'm tired. — So am I. | 我也是。 |
| — I went to bed late. — So did I. | 我也是。 |
| — I don't eat meat. — Neither do I. | 我也不吃。 |
| — I can't swim. — Neither can I. | 我也不会。 |
| — I haven't finished. — Neither have I. | 我也没有。 |
动词取自对方的话——同一个动词，同一个时态。Neither 后面的动词用肯定形式：否定已经包含在 neither 里了，和 neither … nor 一样（第6课）。Nor do I 和 Neither do I 意思相同，在英式英语里非常常用。主语可以是任何人：— Anna likes jazz. — So does her husband.
口语里更简单：用 Me too 代替 So do I，用 Me neither 代替 Neither do I。这两个说法不变形，但听起来比较随便；书面语和正式场合要用完整形式。
表示不同意——用同样的回声，但不加 so 和 neither，重音放在代词上：— I love winter. — Oh, I don't. — I can't stand jazz. — Really? I can. — I've never been to Paris. — I have.
否定疑问句 表示惊讶，或者期待对方同意：Isn't it beautiful?——“真美啊，不是吗？”；Didn't you get my message?——“你难道没收到我的消息吗？”；Haven't we met before?——“我们以前是不是见过？”。
回答看事实，不看问题的形式。 收到了消息——Yes, I did。没收到——No, I didn't。回答否定句后面的附加问句也一样：— You didn't call him, did you? — No, I didn't.（没打）。Yes 后面总是肯定的动词， No 后面总是否定的动词。
比较一下：
| You're coming, aren't you? | 你会来的，对吧？——我觉得会 |
| Aren't you coming? | 你不来了吗？——很意外，看样子好像不来 |
不能这样说。 ✗ I'm late, amn't I? → ✓ I'm late, aren't I? 标准英语里没有 amn't 这个形式。
自我检测。 She's never been here 的附加问句是什么？怎样同意 I can't sleep in hot weather？你收到了信，别人问 Didn't you get my email?，该怎么回答？
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中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写一个附加问句用到底。
✗ You work here, isn't it?
✓ You work here, don't you?
汉语句末加个 “是不是？”“对吧？”就行了，什么句子都一样，于是想找一个万能的英语附加问句。英语没有这样的东西：附加问句随着句子的动词变化。随便的对话里可以说 …, right?；…, yes? 听起来像翻译出来的。
按汉语的习惯回答否定疑问句。
✗ — Didn't you get my message? — Yes, I didn't.
✓ No, I didn't.
汉语回答“你没收到我的消息吗？”说“是的，没收到”——是在同意对方的问题。英语回答的是事实本身。光说一个 Yes，对方会理解成“收到了”，意思正好相反。
So do I 用到底。
✗ — I'm tired. — So do I. → ✓ So am I. ✗ — I've been there. — So do I. → ✓ So have I. 汉语的“我也是”永远不变，所以容易只背一个句子。可是英语的“我也是”要重复对方的动词： am 对 am，have 对 have。
同意否定的说法：Me too 或者 Neither don't I。
✗ — I don't eat meat. — Me too. → ✓ Me neither. / Neither do I. 汉语的“我也是”对肯定和否定都适用，可是 Me too 只能同意肯定的说法。完整形式也常出错：✗ Neither I do、✗ Neither don't I → ✓ Neither do I。汉语“我也不”主语在前， “不”不能少；英语语序倒装，也不需要 not——neither 本身就是“也不”。
发音
4 分钟附加问句和前面的句子连在一起说，中间不停顿： You're from Leeds, aren't you? /jɔː frəm ˈliːdz ˈɑːnt ju/。附加问句的重音在助动词上。用同一个句子练习两种语调：↘——“没错吧？”， ↗——“是不是？”。
在附加问句、追问和简短回答里，助动词要读完整的强读式， 不能弱读：Have you? /ˈhæv ju/， Yes, I can /kæn/，So was I /wɒz/。同样的词在句子中间要弱读：I can swim /kən/，I was tired /wəz/。
So do I 的重音在主语上： /ˌsəʊ du ˈaɪ/。neither 在英式英语里读 /ˈnaɪðə/ 或者 /ˈniːðə/，两种读法都正常。
追问 Have you?、Did she? 用升调 ↗。 用降调听起来很冷淡：“哦，是吗。”
课文
5 分钟You're Emma's brother, aren't you?
Yes, I am. And you must be Sam. Emma talks about you all the time.
Does she? Only good things, I hope. You live in Bristol, don't you?
I did, but I moved to Glasgow last spring.
Did you? I've never been to Glasgow. It rains a lot there, doesn't it?
It does, but I don't mind. Haven't you got friends there? I'm sure Emma mentioned it.
No, I haven't. That was my cousin. She studied there.
Ah, sorry. Anyway, isn't this food amazing? I've already had three plates.
So have I. I didn't have lunch today.
Neither did I. I was at work all morning.
On a Saturday? You work in a hospital, don't you?
No, I don't — I'm a teacher. But it's exam season, and I can't say no to extra classes.
Neither can I. That's why I never have a free weekend.
Well, you've got one now, haven't you?
I have. Shall we get some more food? You don't eat meat, do you?
No, I don't. But I eat everything else!
练习
32 分钟1. 填入附加问句。
- You're from Bristol, ?
- She works in a bank, ?
- They didn't come to the party, ?
- You've seen this film, ?
- He can't drive, ?
- I'm late again, ?
- You've never been to Scotland, ?
- Let's take a taxi, ?
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2. 表示同意：填入 So … I 或 Neither … I
- — I'm hungry. —
- — I don't like horror films. —
- — I've lost my umbrella. —
- — I can't find my keys. —
- — I went to bed very late. —
- — I wasn't at work yesterday. —
- — I'd love a cup of tea. —
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3. 说自己的情况不一样：填入助动词。
- — I love winter. — Really? I
- — I can't swim. — Oh, I
- — I've never been to Paris. — I
- — I didn't like the film. — Really? I
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4. 填入追问：
- — I've just got back from Peru. — ? How was it?
- — My sister is getting married. — ? Who's she marrying?
- — Tom didn't come to work today. — ? Is he ill?
- — I can play the piano. — ? I didn't know that
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5. 按事实回答：填入 Yes 或 No 和简短回答。
- — Didn't you get my message?（没收到）—
- — Haven't you met my wife?（见过）—
- — Aren't you hungry?（不饿）—
- — You didn't lock the door, did you?（锁了）—
- — You aren't from London, are you?（是伦敦人）—
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6. 找出错误并改正。
- You work here, isn't it?
- — I'm tired. — So do I.
- — I don't eat meat. — Neither I do.
- — Didn't you see him? — Yes, I didn't.（没看见）
- She's never been late, hasn't she?
- I'm right, amn't I?
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7. 译成英语。
1) 您是老师，对吧？ 2) ——我不喜欢坐飞机。——我也不喜欢。 3) 你难道没看到我留的字条吗？ 4) ——我刚从罗马回来。——是吗？怎么样？ 5) 我们以前是不是见过？
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8. 把谈话接下去。
根据你自己的情况回应每一句话：“我也是”“我不是”或者追问——再加一句话。 1) — I've never been to Scotland. 2) — I can't stand cold weather. 3) — I started learning the guitar last month.
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小结
本课已学：助动词作回声；反意疑问句，包括 aren't I、never 后面的附加问句、Let's 后面的 shall we，以及它们的语调；简短回答和追问 Have you?；用 did you say 问清楚；So do I、 Neither do I、Nor do I、Me too、Me neither；表示不同意的 I don't；否定疑问句以及按事实回答。下一课——第21课：习惯和学习。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
14 词- So do I /ˌsəʊ du ˈaɪ/ 我也是
- Neither do I /ˌnaɪðə du ˈaɪ/ 我也不
- Nor do I /ˌnɔː du ˈaɪ/ 我也不
- Me too /ˌmiː ˈtuː/ 我也是（口语）
- Me neither /ˌmiː ˈnaɪðə/ 我也不（口语）
- cousin /ˈkʌzn/ 堂兄弟姐妹，表兄弟姐妹
- amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ 太棒了，惊人的
- plate /pleɪt/ 盘子
- extra /ˈekstrə/ 额外的
- exam season /ɪɡˈzæm ˌsiːzn/ 考试季
- can't stand /ˌkɑːnt ˈstænd/ 受不了
- get married /ˌɡet ˈmærid/ 结婚
- note /nəʊt/ 字条，便条
- say no to /ˌseɪ ˈnəʊ tə/ 拒绝
写作
写一段八到十句话的对话：在聚会上，你认识了朋友的一个朋友。至少要有两个附加问句、一个追问、一个 So … I 和一个 Neither … I。
范例： — You work with Mark, don't you? — Yes, I do. We're in the same team. — Are you? He never talks about work. — Neither do I, at weekends! — I've just moved here from Cardiff. — Have you? So have I — well, from Swansea. — It's a lovely city, isn't it? — It is. I didn't want to leave. — Neither did I.
检查清单：附加问句和句子肯定否定相反，并且重复了句子的助动词吗？So … I 和 Neither … I 里的动词和对方的一样、语序倒装了吗？neither 后面没有 not 吧？回答否定疑问句时是按事实回答的吗？