Gramatika ~54 min jezgre preostalo

Izraziti žaljenje i želju

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Mogu reći da žalim zbog sadašnjeg stanja stvari i požaliti se na tuđe ponašanje.

Započni lekciju Jezgra 54 min · koraci: 6 · neobavezno: +2

Navedeno vrijeme jezgre. Dva bloka jezgre nemaju brojku, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbroja.

Gramatika

15 min

U B1 #8 prošlo vrijeme iza if udaljavalo je od stvarnosti: If I had more time… — vremena nema. I wish funkcionira isto. To je engleski način da se kaže „šteta što…“ ili „da bar…“.

Oblik: I wish + subjekt + prošlo vrijeme. Glagol stoji u prošlom vremenu, ali riječ je o današnjem danu.

kako jest žaljenje
I don't have a car. I wish I had a car.
I can't swim. I wish I could swim.
I have to work on Saturdays. I wish I didn't have to work on Saturdays.
It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.
I'm not very tall. I wish I were taller.

Glavno: predznak se mijenja. Pogledaj tablicu: gdje je u životu „ne“, u žaljenju je „da“, i obratno. I wish I had a car — „šteta što nemam auto“. I wish I didn't have to work — „šteta što moram raditi“. Hrvatska rečenica sa „šteta što…“ imenuje ono što jest („šteta što nemam“), a engleska — ono što želiš, kao „volio bih da imam“. Zato pri prevođenju sa „šteta što…“ niječnica nestaje ili se pojavljuje.

Zašto prošlo vrijeme. I wish I had a car je, zapravo, prva polovica pogodbene rečenice iz B1 #8 bez druge: „kad bih imao auto…“. Prošli oblik i ovdje znači „toga u stvarnosti nema“. Ako si svladao If I had…, onda se I wish I had… gradi potpuno isto; često i stoje jedno uz drugo: I wish I had a car. If I had a car, I'd drive to work.

Uz be odgovara were za sva lica, kao u If I were you; u razgovoru — i was. Sposobnost izražava could: I wish I could drive. Obvezu — didn't have to, jer must nema prošli oblik (A2 #10).

If only — isto, ali jače, gotovo usklik: If only I had more time! — „Da bar imam više vremena!“

I wish + would — želim da se nešto promijeni. Tako se govori o tuđem ponašanju koje smeta i o onome što ne ovisi o nama: I wish you would stop interrupting me. — „Prestani me prekidati“ — s prijekorom. I wish it would stop raining. — „Da bar kiša prestane.“ would gleda naprijed: čovjek se može početi ponašati drukčije. O sebi se tako ne govori: svoje ponašanje mijenjaš sam, bez wish. Umjesto ✗ I wish I would… — I wish I could… ili I wish I had….

Usporedi:

I wish he didn't smoke. Šteta što puši. — samo žaljenje zbog činjenice
I wish he would stop smoking. Da bar prestane! — želim promjenu, nezadovoljan sam

wish ili hope. hope — o onome što se sasvim može dogoditi, i iza njega je obično vrijeme: I hope you get the job. I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow. wish — o onome čega nema: I wish I had a job. Postoji i treće značenje — dobra želja s imenicom, bez prošlog vremena: I wish you luck, We wish you a happy New Year.

O prošlosti („šteta što tada nisam…“) wish se gradi drukčije, taj oblik dolazi poslije. Ovdje — samo o sadašnjosti.

Još primjera:

I wish I knew the answer. Šteta što ne znam odgovor.
I wish you were here. Šteta što nisi ovdje.
I wish my neighbours would turn the music down. Da bar susjedi stišaju glazbu.
If only I didn't live so far from work! Da bar ne živim tako daleko od posla!

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I wish I didn't must work on Saturdays → ✓ I wish I didn't have to work on Saturdays. must nema prošli oblik, zato iza wish treba have to.

Provjeri se. Što znači I wish I lived in the country: živi li čovjek izvan grada ili ne? Kako reći „šteta što ne govorim njemački“? wish ili hope: „nadam se da će sutra biti sunčano“?

prikaži odgovore
ne, živi u gradu — wish + prošlo vrijeme govori o onome čega nema; I wish I spoke German (ili I wish I could speak German); hope — to se sasvim može dogoditi: I hope it's sunny tomorrow.
Oglas

Pogreške izvornih govornika hrvatskoga

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

Niječnica iz hrvatske rečenice

I wish I didn't have a car — ispravan engleski, ali znači suprotno: „šteta što imam auto“. Za „šteta što nemam auto“ treba ✓ I wish I had a car. U „šteta što nemam“ stoji niječnica, i lako ju je prenijeti. A engleska rečenica imenuje željeno, kao „volio bih da imam“.

2

Sadašnje vrijeme iza wish

✗ I wish I have more time → ✓ I wish I had more time; ✗ I wish I can drive → ✓ I wish I could drive. U „volio bih da imam više vremena“, „da bar znam voziti“ iza „da“ stoji prezent, pa se i engleski glagol želi ostaviti u sadašnjem. Ali iza wish vrijeme se pomiče u prošlo, kao iza if u B1 #8.

3

would o sebi

✗ I wish I would speak Italian

✓ I wish I spoke Italian / I wish I could speak Italian

„Kad bih bar govorio talijanski!“ ima kondicional, i on vuče na would. Ali I wish … would je o tuđem ponašanju ili o vremenskim prilikama, o sebi se tako ne govori.

4

wish umjesto hope

✗ I wish you will pass the exam

✓ I hope you pass the exam / I hope you'll pass the exam

„Želim ti da položiš ispit“ vuče na wish. Ali o stvarnoj budućnosti govori se s hope, kao „nadam se da ćeš položiti“, a wish se s will uopće ne slaže.

Izgovor

4 min

Žaljenje nosi intonacija „pad pa porast“, ista kao u uljudnoj pritužbi (A2 #25):

I wish I had more time ↘↗

Glas pada na naglašenom time i malo se penje na kraju: „da bar…“. Ravan pad zvuči kao suha konstatacija.

wish — /wɪʃ/: na početku je usneni /w/, a ne „v“; samoglasnik je kratak /ɪ/, a ne dugo „i“. U spoju I wish I glas /ʃ/ stapa se sa sljedećim I: /aɪ ˈwɪʃ aɪ/ zvuči bez stanke.

If only — naglasak na only: /ɪf ˈəʊnli/. Prvi glas u only je dvoglas /əʊ/, kao u go, a ne hrvatsko „o“.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

I love my flat, but some days I wish I lived somewhere else. It's right in the centre of town, so everything is close. The problem is that it's tiny. I wish I had a proper kitchen — at the moment I cook on a small hob next to the sofa. And I wish the walls weren't so thin.

My neighbour upstairs is a nice young man, but he plays the drums. Every evening at ten, the concert starts. I wish he would practise in the afternoons instead. I've asked him twice, and he always says sorry, but nothing changes.

I also wish I could drive. If I had a car, I'd visit my parents more often. They live in a village in Yorkshire, and the trains there are slow and expensive. If only the buses were better!

Still, I'm not going to move. I like the cafés, the park and the noise of the street. I just hope my neighbour finds a new hobby soon. Maybe I'll buy him a guitar — a quiet one.

Čitanje naglas

Vježbe

30 min

1. Dopunjavanje.

  1. I don't have enough time. I wish I (have) more time
  2. I can't speak Italian. I wish I (speak) Italian
  3. I can't drive. I wish I (can) drive
  4. It's raining again. I wish it (not / rain)
  5. My flat is very small. I wish it (be) bigger
  6. I have to get up at six. I wish I (not / have to) get up so early
  7. My brother always borrows my things. I wish he (stop) doing that
  8. I don't know her address. If only I (know) it!
Prikaži odgovore
had; spoke / could speak; could; wasn't raining / weren't raining; was / were; didn't have to; would stop; knew

2. Prepiši s I wish

  1. I don't have a garden.
  2. I live so far from work.
  3. I can't play the guitar.
  4. I'm not good at maths.
  5. I have to wear a suit at work.
  6. My sister doesn't live near me.
Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had a garden; I wish I didn't live so far from work / I wish I lived closer to work; I wish I could play the guitar; I wish I were good at maths / I wish I was good at maths / I wish I were better at maths / I wish I was better at maths; I wish I didn't have to wear a suit at work; I wish my sister lived near me / I wish my sister lived nearer / I wish my sister lived closer

3. Prepiši pritužbu s I wish … would.

  1. My neighbour plays loud music at night. (stop)
  2. You never listen to me. (listen)
  3. It's been raining for three days. (stop)
  4. My colleague always leaves dirty cups on my desk. (not / leave)
  5. The bus is late again. (come)
Prikaži odgovore
I wish my neighbour would stop playing loud music at night / I wish my neighbour would stop playing loud music; I wish you would listen to me / I wish you'd listen to me; I wish it would stop raining; I wish my colleague wouldn't leave dirty cups on my desk / I wish my colleague would stop leaving dirty cups on my desk; I wish the bus would come / I wish the bus would come soon

4. Odabir.

  1. I you have a good trip
  2. I I knew the answer
  3. We it doesn't rain on Saturday
  4. I my parents lived closer
  5. I you feel better soon
Prikaži odgovore
hope; wish; hope; wish; hope

5. Pronalaženje pogreške.

  1. I wish I have more free time.
  2. I wish I would speak Italian.
  3. I wish I can come to your party.
  4. I wish you will pass the exam.
  5. If only I am ten years younger!
  6. I wish I didn't must get up at six.
Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had more free time; I wish I spoke Italian / I wish I could speak Italian; I wish I could come to your party; I hope you pass the exam / I hope you'll pass the exam / I hope you will pass the exam; If only I were ten years younger! / If only I was ten years younger!; I wish I didn't have to get up at six

6. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Rješenja ispod su uzorak. 1) What do you wish you could do? 2) What do you wish was different about your town? 3) Is there anything you wish other people would stop doing?

Prikaži odgovore
I wish I could play the piano; I wish there were more parks and fewer cars / I wish the buses were better; I wish people would stop using their phones in the cinema

7. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Šteta što nemam auto. 2) Šteta što ne znam plivati. 3) Da bar prestane kasniti! 4) Da bar živim bliže poslu! 5) Nadam se da ćeš uskoro ozdraviti.

Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had a car; I wish I could swim; I wish he would stop being late! / I wish he'd stop being late!; If only I lived closer to work! / If only I lived nearer to work!; I hope you get better soon / I hope you feel better soon
Oglas

Sažetak

Obrađeno

  • I wish i If only + prošlo vrijeme o sadašnjosti
  • could i didn't have to iza wish
  • promjena predznaka pri prevođenju
  • I wish … would o tuđem ponašanju
  • wish nasuprot hope

Slijedi lekcija 10: nagađanja.

Kraj jezgre

Lekcija se računa kao završena nakon vježbi. Sve nakon toga je neobavezno.

Lekcija 82

neobavezno

Riječi za kartice

14 riječi
  • wish /wɪʃ/ željeti, žaliti (što nije)
  • if only /ɪf ˈəʊnli/ da bar, kad bi barem
  • tiny /ˈtaɪni/ sićušan
  • proper /ˈprɒpə/ pravi, pristojan
  • hob /hɒb/ ploča za kuhanje
  • thin /θɪn/ tanak
  • upstairs /ˌʌpˈsteəz/ gore, kat iznad
  • drums /drʌmz/ bubnjevi
  • hobby /ˈhɒbi/ hobi, razonoda
  • quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ tih
  • noise /nɔɪz/ buka
  • interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ prekidati (u govoru)
  • suit /suːt/ odijelo
  • get better /ˌɡet ˈbetə/ ozdraviti, oporaviti se

Pisanje

Pet-šest rečenica: tri stvari zbog kojih sada žališ u svom životu i jedna — zbog tuđeg ponašanja. Barem jedno If only….

Uzorak

I wish I had more free time. I work long hours, and I wish I didn't have to travel so much. I also wish I could play an instrument — my brother plays the piano beautifully. If only my flat were bigger! Then I'd buy a piano too. My colleague always talks loudly on the phone. I wish he would take his calls in the meeting room.

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