문법 핵심 ~54분 남음

남의 말 정확하게 전하기

이 레슨을 마치면

다른 사람이 한 말, 질문, 부탁을 정확하게 전할 수 있습니다.

수업 시작 핵심 54분 · 단계: 6 · 선택: +2

표시된 핵심 시간. 두 개의 핵심 블록은 시간이 표시되지 않으므로 실제 레슨은 합계보다 깁니다.

문법

16분

A2 29과에서는 전하는 말을 알아보는 법을 배웠습니다: He said he was tired — 그리고 여기서 was가 과거를 뜻하지 않는다는 것을 이해했습니다. 이제는 전하는 말을 직접 만들어야 하고, 평서문뿐 아니라 질문과 부탁도 전해야 합니다. 틀은 셋이지만 원리는 하나입니다: 이미 끝난 대화에 대해 내 입장에서 말하는 것입니다.

평서문: 시제 이동. 이끄는 말은 said(무엇을 말했는지)나 told + 사람(누구에게 말했는지)입니다 — 이 짝은 A2 29과에서 배웠습니다. 이끄는 동사가 과거이면, 전하는 말의 시제는 한 단계 뒤로 물러납니다. 영어는 종속절의 시제를 주절에 맞춥니다: 말은 '그때' 했고, 그 안의 모든 것도 '그때'에서 바라봅니다. B1 1과의 Past Perfect와 같은 원리입니다: 일들이 이야기의 시점을 기준으로 줄을 섭니다.

직접 화법 간접 화법
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I work in a bank." She said she worked in a bank.
"I'm waiting for a bus." He said he was waiting for a bus.
"I've finished." She said she had finished.
"I lost my keys." He said he had lost his keys.
"I'll call you." She said she would call me.
"I can help." He said he could help.
"I must go." She said she had to go.
"We may be late." They said they might be late.

Past Perfect, would, could, should, might는 이동하지 않습니다: 더 뒤로 갈 데가 없습니다. "I had finished" → She said she had finished.

이동하지 않아도 될 때. 이끄는 동사가 현재이면 이동이 없습니다: She says she's tired — 방금 들은 말을 이렇게 전합니다. 한 말이 지금도 사실이면 시제를 그대로 둘 수 있습니다: He said he lives in Leeds — 지금도 거기 삽니다. 이때 이동한 lived도 맞습니다.

Past Simple: 이동이 기본 규칙이지만, 이동하지 않아도 맞습니다. "I lost my keys" → He said he had lost his keys — 이것이 규칙이고, 글에서는 이것이 가장 안전합니다. 하지만 전하는 말에서 Past Simple은 그대로 두는 일이 많습니다: He said he lost his keys. 이것은 오류가 아닙니다: 일의 순서는 이미 분명하고 — 먼저 잃어버리고, 그다음 말했습니다 — Past Perfect가 더해 주는 것이 없습니다. 특히 때를 말할 때 이렇게 자주 말합니다: She said she arrived on Monday. 이 과정의 연습 문제에서는 두 가지가 다 정답입니다; 망설여지면 이동하십시오.

대명사, 장소, 때. 이제 말하는 사람이 다르므로 I는 he나 she로, my는 his나 her로 바뀝니다. 다른 날이나 다른 장소에서 전한다면, 때와 장소를 나타내는 말도 바뀝니다:

직접 화법에서 간접 화법에서
now then
today that day
tomorrow the next day
yesterday the day before
next week the following week
here there

같은 날이라면 바꿀 필요가 없습니다: She said she'd call me tomorrow — 내일이 아직 오지 않았다면.

질문: 평서문 어순과 if. 전하는 말에서 질문은 더 이상 질문이 아닙니다: 여러분은 질문을 하는 것이 아니라 질문이 있었다고 알리는 것입니다. 그래서 어순은 보통의 평서문처럼 — 먼저 주어, 그다음 동사 — 이고, do, does, did는 사라지며, 물음표도 없습니다. 이끄는 말은 asked나 wanted to know입니다.

직접 의문문 간접 화법
"Where do you live?" He asked me where I lived.
"What time does the train leave?" She asked what time the train left.
"Are you coming?" He asked if I was coming.
"Have you seen my keys?" She asked whether I had seen her keys.

where, what, why 같은 의문사가 있는 질문은 그 의문사를 그대로 둡니다. 의문사가 없는 질문 — '예'나 '아니요'로 답하는 질문 — 에는 if나 whether가 붙습니다. 한국어 '오는지 물었다'의 '-는지'에 해당하는 말인데, 영어에서는 절의 맨 앞에 옵니다.

부탁과 지시: to + 동사. 부탁은 asked로, 지시나 명령은 told로 이끌고, 그 뒤에 사람과 to + 동사가 옵니다. 부정은 not to입니다.

직접 화법 간접 화법
"Please wait here." She asked me to wait there.
"Close the door." He told me to close the door.
"Don't be late." She told us not to be late.
"Could you help me?" He asked me to help him.

Could you…?는 형태로는 질문이지만 뜻으로는 부탁이므로, asked me to로 전합니다.

비교해 보십시오 — asked me to와 asked me if:

He asked me to call Anna. 부탁했다: '안나에게 전화해 줘.'
He asked me if I had called Anna. 물었다: '안나에게 전화했어?'

to 뒤에는 부탁이, if 뒤에는 질문이 옵니다.

이렇게 말하지 않습니다. ✗ She asked if I was coming? → ✓ She asked if I was coming. 질문을 전하는 말은 평서문이므로 끝에 마침표를 찍습니다.

확인해 보십시오. 안나의 말 "I've lost my phone"은 어떻게 전합니까? 왜 where did I live가 아니라 She asked where I lived입니까? "Don't touch it!"은 어떻게 전합니까?

정답 보기
Anna said she had lost her phone; 전하는 말에서 질문은 평서문 어순이고 did가 없습니다 — 묻는 것이 아니라 질문이 있었다고 알리는 것이기 때문입니다; He told me not to touch it — not to + 동사.
광고

한국어 화자의 오류

사용자 언어로 작성됨
1

전하는 말에 의문문 어순

✗ He asked where did I live

✗ She asked what time was it

✓ He asked where I lived

She asked what time it was. 한국어는 '어디 사느냐고 물었다', '몇 시인지 물었다'처럼 어미만 바꾸고 어순은 그대로 두어서, 영어 질문의 어순을 그대로 옮겨 오기 쉽습니다. 하지만 질문을 할 때는 의문문 어순이고, 질문이 있었다고 알릴 때는 평서문 어순입니다.

2

'예/아니요' 질문에 if가 없음

✗ She asked me do I want a coffee

✓ She asked me if I wanted a coffee

한국어 '커피 마실 건지 물었다'에서는 '-는지'가 동사 끝에 붙어 질문을 나타내므로, 영어 질문을 그대로 넣으면 될 것 같습니다. 영어에서는 그 일을 if나 whether가 하고, 절 맨 앞에 옵니다.

3

원래 말의 시제를 그대로

✗ She said she will call me the next day → ✓ She said she would call me the next day. 한국어는 '다음 날 전화하겠다고 했다'처럼 원래 말의 시제를 그대로 둡니다. 영어는 said에 맞춰 한 단계 뒤로 옮깁니다: will → would, can → could, am → was.

4

said me와 상대 없는 told

✗ He said me that…

✗ He told that…

✓ He told me that…

He said that… 또는 He said to me that…. 한국어는 상대가 있든 없든 '말했다' 하나로 말합니다. say는 무엇을 말했는지, tell은 누구에게 말했는지입니다.

5

부탁과 지시를 전할 때 don't

✗ She told me don't be late → ✓ She told me not to be late. ✗ He asked me close the door → ✓ He asked me to close the door. '늦지 말라고 했다'에는 '늦지 마'라는 명령이 그대로 들어 있어서 don't를 그대로 가져오기 쉽습니다. 하지만 told me, asked me 뒤에는 to가 필요하고, 부정은 not to입니다.

발음

3분

질문을 전하는 말은 억양이 내려갑니다:

He asked where I lived ↘. She asked if I was coming ↘.

질문 자체가 아니라 질문에 대한 평서문입니다. 끝을 올리면 문장이 다시 질문이 됩니다 — 발음에서 흔한 실수입니다: 문장은 맞게 만들었는데 질문처럼 들립니다.

said와 says: said /sed/, says /sez/ — say의 /eɪ/가 아니라 짧은 /e/입니다.

asked /ɑːskt/는 한 음절입니다: /sk/와 /t/를 모음 없이 이어서 발음합니다.

전하는 말의 that은 약하게: He said that he was tired — /ðət/, 거의 들리지 않습니다.

광고

본문

5분

Yesterday I rang the shop about my missing order. The receptionist said that the manager was in a meeting and asked if I wanted to leave a message. I told her that I had sent two emails the week before and that nobody had answered.

She said she was very sorry and asked me what my order number was. Then she asked whether I had paid by card or by bank transfer. I told her that I had paid by card on the first of the month. She said the parcel had left the warehouse ten days earlier, but she couldn't see where it was now.

She asked me to wait for a moment and put me on hold. Two minutes later she came back and told me not to worry. The parcel was at the local post office, she said, and it would be delivered the next day. She also asked me to check my spam folder, because they had sent me a tracking number.

I checked. She was right: the email was there, with the tracking number and a message that said my parcel was on its way.

연습 문제

30분

1. 간접 화법으로 다시 쓰기.

  1. "I'm tired." (Tom)
  2. "I work in a bank." (Anna)
  3. "I've finished the report." (Mark)
  4. "I'll call you tomorrow." (Sarah told me)
  5. "I can't come to the party." (Ben)
  6. "We must leave at six." (they)
  7. "I lost my wallet yesterday." (Kate)
정답 보기
Tom said he was tired / Tom said that he was tired; Anna said she worked in a bank / Anna said that she worked in a bank; Mark said he had finished the report / Mark said that he had finished the report; Sarah told me she would call me the next day / Sarah told me that she would call me the next day / Sarah told me she would call me the following day; Ben said he couldn't come to the party / Ben said that he couldn't come to the party; They said they had to leave at six / They said that they had to leave at six; Kate said she had lost her wallet the day before / Kate said that she had lost her wallet the day before / Kate said she had lost her wallet the previous day / Kate said she lost her wallet the day before / Kate said that she lost her wallet the day before / Kate said she lost her wallet the previous day

2. 질문을 간접 화법으로 다시 쓰기.

  1. "Where do you live?" (he asked me)
  2. "Are you coming to the party?" (she asked me)
  3. "What time does the train leave?" (I asked)
  4. "Have you seen my keys?" (Mum asked me)
  5. "Why are you laughing?" (the teacher asked us)
  6. "Can you speak French?" (they asked her)
정답 보기
He asked me where I lived; She asked me if I was coming to the party / She asked me whether I was coming to the party; I asked what time the train left; Mum asked me if I had seen her keys / Mum asked me whether I had seen her keys; The teacher asked us why we were laughing; They asked her if she could speak French / They asked her whether she could speak French

3. 부탁과 지시를 간접 화법으로 다시 쓰기.

  1. "Please wait here." (she asked me)
  2. "Don't be late." (he told us)
  3. "Could you open the window?" (she asked him)
  4. "Don't touch anything." (the guide told the children)
  5. "Send me the file by Friday." (my manager told me)
정답 보기
She asked me to wait there / She asked me to wait here; He told us not to be late; She asked him to open the window; The guide told the children not to touch anything; My manager told me to send him the file by Friday / My manager told me to send her the file by Friday

4. 오류 찾기.

  1. He asked me where did I live.
  2. She asked me do I want a coffee.
  3. She told me don't worry.
  4. He told that he was busy.
  5. They asked what time was it.
  6. He asked me close the door.
정답 보기
He asked me where I lived; She asked me if I wanted a coffee / She asked me whether I wanted a coffee; She told me not to worry; He told me that he was busy / He told me he was busy / He said that he was busy / He said he was busy; They asked what time it was; He asked me to close the door

5. said, told, asked, if, to 가운데 하나를 넣기.

  1. She me that she was busy
  2. He that the shop closed at six
  3. I him where the station was
  4. She asked me I had a pen
  5. He asked me wait outside
정답 보기
told; said; asked; if / whether; to

6. 영어로 옮기기.

1) 그는 피곤하다고 말했어요. 2) 그녀는 내가 어디서 일하는지 물었어요. 3) 그는 내가 올 건지 물었어요. 4) 의사가 나에게 일주일 동안 일하지 말라고 했어요. 5) 그들은 이미 먹었다고 말했어요.

정답 보기
He said he was tired / He said that he was tired; She asked me where I worked / She asked where I worked; He asked if I was coming / He asked whether I was coming / He asked if I would come / He asked whether I would come; The doctor told me not to work for a week; They said they had already eaten / They said that they had already eaten

7. 대화 전하기.

최근의 전화 통화나 가게에서 나눈 대화를 떠올려 보십시오. 그것을 다섯 문장으로 전하십시오: 여러분에게 무엇을 말했는지, 무엇을 물었는지, 무엇을 부탁했는지.

예시: Yesterday I rang my dentist. The receptionist said that the dentist was ill. She asked if I could come the following week. I said that Tuesday was fine for me. She asked me to arrive ten minutes early.

광고

정리

이번 과에서 다룬 내용: 아는 모든 시제와 조동사의 이동, 이동이 필요 없을 때, 이동한 Past Simple과 이동하지 않은 Past Simple, 장소와 때를 나타내는 말, 질문 전하기 — 평서문 어순, if와 whether, 부탁과 지시 전하기 — asked me to, told me not to. 다음은 16과: 남의 조언 전하기.

핵심 종료

연습을 마치면 수업이 완료됩니다. 이후 내용은 선택 사항입니다.

수업 88

선택

단어 카드

단어 14개
  • receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ 접수 직원
  • whether /ˈweðə/ ~인지 (아닌지)
  • the day before /ðə deɪ bɪˈfɔː/ 그 전날
  • the next day /ðə nekst ˈdeɪ/ 그다음 날
  • the following week /ðə ˌfɒləʊɪŋ ˈwiːk/ 그다음 주 (간접 화법에서)
  • order /ˈɔːdə/ 주문
  • parcel /ˈpɑːsl/ 소포, 택배
  • warehouse /ˈweəhaʊs/ 창고
  • missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ 없어진, 행방불명인
  • bank transfer /ˈbæŋk ˌtrænsfɜː/ 계좌 이체
  • put on hold /ˌpʊt ɒn ˈhəʊld/ (전화를) 대기시키다
  • tracking number /ˈtrækɪŋ ˌnʌmbə/ 운송장 번호
  • leave a message /ˌliːv ə ˈmesɪdʒ/ 메시지를 남기다
  • on its way /ɒn ɪts ˈweɪ/ 오는 중, 배송 중

쓰기

여섯 문장을 쓰십시오: 전화 통화나 메시지로 나눈 대화를 전하는 글 — 상대가 여러분에게 무엇을 말했는지, 여러분이 무엇을 말했는지, 무엇을 물었는지, 무엇을 부탁했는지.

예시

Last week I rang a hotel in Bath. The receptionist said that all the double rooms were booked for Saturday. She asked if I would like a single room instead. I told her that I was travelling with my wife. She asked me to wait while she checked another date. Then she said that they had a free room the following weekend.

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