准确地转述别人的话
能准确地转述别人说的话、提的问题和请求。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长，因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
16 分钟在 A2 第29课，你学会了听懂转述：He said he was tired——并且明白这里的 was 不表示过去。现在要自己来转述了，而且不仅是陈述，还有问题和请求。说法有三种，道理只有一个：你是站在自己的角度，说一段已经结束的对话。
陈述：时态后移。 用 said（说了什么）或者 told + 人（对谁说）引出——这一对你在 A2 第29课已经学过。如果引述动词是过去时，转述部分的时态就往回退一步。英语要让从句的时态和主句一致：话是 “那时”说的，里面的一切也都从“那时”来看。这和第1课里过去完成时的道理一样：事情从讲述的那个时间点往前排。
| 直接引语 | 转述 |
|---|---|
| "I am tired." | He said he was tired. |
| "I work in a bank." | She said she worked in a bank. |
| "I'm waiting for a bus." | He said he was waiting for a bus. |
| "I've finished." | She said she had finished. |
| "I lost my keys." | He said he had lost his keys. |
| "I'll call you." | She said she would call me. |
| "I can help." | He said he could help. |
| "I must go." | She said she had to go. |
| "We may be late." | They said they might be late. |
过去完成时、would、could、should 和 might 不后移：它们已经没有再往回退的地方了。 "I had finished" → She said she had finished。
什么时候可以不后移。 如果引述动词是现在时，时态不变：She says she's tired——转述刚刚说的话就这样说。如果说的内容现在仍然是事实，时态可以保留：He said he lives in Leeds—— 他现在还住在那里。这种情况下后移成 lived 也对。
一般过去时：后移是基本规则，不后移也对。 "I lost my keys" → He said he had lost his keys——这是按规则的说法，写的时候这样最稳妥。可是转述时一般过去时常常保持不变：He said he lost his keys. 这不算错：事情的先后本来就清楚——先丢了，后来才说——过去完成时并没有增加什么。说出了时间时尤其常这样说：She said she arrived on Monday. 本课程的练习里两种说法都算对；拿不准的时候，就后移。
代词、地点和时间。 现在说话的是另一个人，所以 I 变成 he 或 she，my 变成 his 或 her。如果转述是在另一天、另一个地方，表示时间和地点的词也要变：
| 直接引语里 | 转述里 |
|---|---|
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| next week | the following week |
| here | there |
如果是同一天，这些词就不用变：She said she'd call me tomorrow——只要“明天”还没有到。
问题：陈述语序和 if。 在转述里，问题不再是问题：你不是在提问，而是在报告别人问了什么。所以它用陈述句的语序——先主语，后动词——do、does、did 都去掉，也没有问号。用 asked 或者 wanted to know 引出。
| 直接提问 | 转述 |
|---|---|
| "Where do you live?" | He asked me where I lived. |
| "What time does the train leave?" | She asked what time the train left. |
| "Are you coming?" | He asked if I was coming. |
| "Have you seen my keys?" | She asked whether I had seen her keys. |
带 where、what、why 这类疑问词的问题保留疑问词。没有疑问词、用“是”或“不是”回答的问题，要加 if 或 whether，相当于汉语转述里的“是否”“是不是”。
请求和指示：to + 动词。 请求用 asked 引出，指示或命令用 told 引出，后面是人和 to + 动词。否定是 not to。
| 直接引语 | 转述 |
|---|---|
| "Please wait here." | She asked me to wait there. |
| "Close the door." | He told me to close the door. |
| "Don't be late." | She told us not to be late. |
| "Could you help me?" | He asked me to help him. |
Could you…? 形式上是问题，意思上是请求，所以用 asked me to 来转述。
比较 asked me to 和 asked me if：
| He asked me to call Anna. | 请求：“给安娜打个电话。” |
| He asked me if I had called Anna. | 提问：“你给安娜打电话了吗？” |
to 后面是请求，if 后面是问题。
不能这样说。 ✗ She asked if I was coming? → ✓ She asked if I was coming. 转述的问题是陈述句，句末用句号。
自我检测。 安娜说 "I've lost my phone"，怎么转述？为什么说 She asked where I lived，而不说 where did I live？"Don't touch it!" 怎么转述？
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中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写时态不后移。
✗ Last week Tom said he is in Paris, but now he's at home → ✓ Last week Tom said he was in Paris, but now he's at home。✗ She said she will call me the next day → ✓ She said she would call me the next day。汉语动词没有时态变化，“他说他在巴黎”“她说第二天会给我打电话”，原话里的动词照搬就行。英语里引述动词是过去时，原话的时态就要往回退；只有现在仍然是事实时，才可以不变。
转述里用疑问语序。
✗ He asked where did I live，✗ She asked what time was it → ✓ He asked where I lived，She asked what time it was。汉语“他问我住在哪儿”和直接问“你住在哪儿？” 语序完全一样，于是英语也照搬了疑问句。可是英语要区分：提问时用疑问语序，报告别人的问题时用陈述语序。
一般疑问句漏掉 if。
✗ She asked me do I want a coffee
✓ She asked me if I wanted a coffee
。汉语说“她问我要不要咖啡”，靠“要不要”就表示了问题，不需要连接词。英语没有这种说法，问题前面要加 if 或 whether。
转述请求时用 don't、漏掉 to。
✗ She told me don't be late → ✓ She told me not to be late。 ✗ He asked me close the door → ✓ He asked me to close the door。“她叫我别迟到”“他请我关门”——汉语直接把“别”“关门”接在后面。英语里 told me、asked me 后面要有 to，否定是 not to。
“让”译成 let。
“他让我在外面等”是他要求的，要说 He told me to wait outside 或 He asked me to wait outside。He let me wait outside 的意思是“他允许我在外面等”。汉语的“让”“叫”既可以表示要求，也可以表示允许，转述请求时要选 told 或 asked。
发音
3 分钟转述问题时用降调：
He asked where I lived ↘. She asked if I was coming ↘.
这是关于问题的陈述，而不是问题本身。句末语调上扬，就又把它变回了问题——这是听感上的常见错误：句子结构是对的，听起来却像在提问。
said 和 says： said /sed/，says /sez/——是短元音 /e/，而不是 say 里的 /eɪ/。
asked /ɑːskt/——一个音节：/sk/ 和 /t/ 连在一起读，中间没有元音。
转述里的 that 不重读： He said that he was tired——/ðət/，几乎听不出来。
课文
5 分钟Yesterday I rang the shop about my missing order. The receptionist said that the manager was in a meeting and asked if I wanted to leave a message. I told her that I had sent two emails the week before and that nobody had answered.
She said she was very sorry and asked me what my order number was. Then she asked whether I had paid by card or by bank transfer. I told her that I had paid by card on the first of the month. She said the parcel had left the warehouse ten days earlier, but she couldn't see where it was now.
She asked me to wait for a moment and put me on hold. Two minutes later she came back and told me not to worry. The parcel was at the local post office, she said, and it would be delivered the next day. She also asked me to check my spam folder, because they had sent me a tracking number.
I checked. She was right: the email was there, with the tracking number and a message that said my parcel was on its way.
练习
30 分钟1. 改成间接引语。
- "I'm tired." (Tom)
- "I work in a bank." (Anna)
- "I've finished the report." (Mark)
- "I'll call you tomorrow." (Sarah told me)
- "I can't come to the party." (Ben)
- "We must leave at six." (they)
- "I lost my wallet yesterday." (Kate)
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2. 把问题改成间接引语。
- "Where do you live?" (he asked me)
- "Are you coming to the party?" (she asked me)
- "What time does the train leave?" (I asked)
- "Have you seen my keys?" (Mum asked me)
- "Why are you laughing?" (the teacher asked us)
- "Can you speak French?" (they asked her)
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3. 把请求和指示改成间接引语。
- "Please wait here." (she asked me)
- "Don't be late." (he told us)
- "Could you open the window?" (she asked him)
- "Don't touch anything." (the guide told the children)
- "Send me the file by Friday." (my manager told me)
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4. 找出错误并改正。
- He asked me where did I live.
- She asked me do I want a coffee.
- She told me don't worry.
- He told that he was busy.
- They asked what time was it.
- He asked me close the door.
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5. 填入 said、told、asked、if 或 to。
- She me that she was busy
- He that the shop closed at six
- I him where the station was
- She asked me I had a pen
- He asked me wait outside
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6. 译成英语。
1) 他说他累了。 2) 她问我在哪儿工作。 3) 他问我来不来。 4) 医生叫我一个星期不要工作。 5) 他们说他们已经吃过饭了。
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7. 转述一段对话。
回想最近的一次电话或者在商店里的一次谈话。用五个句子转述：别人对你说了什么，问了你什么，请你做什么。
范例：Yesterday I rang my dentist. The receptionist said that the dentist was ill. She asked if I could come the following week. I said that Tuesday was fine for me. She asked me to arrive ten minutes early.
小结
本课已学：所有学过的时态和情态动词的后移，什么时候不需要后移，一般过去时后移和不后移，表示地点和时间的词，转述问题——陈述语序、if 和 whether，转述请求和指示——asked me to、told me not to。下一课——第16课：转述别人的建议。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
14 词- receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ 前台接待员
- whether /ˈweðə/ 是否
- the day before /ðə deɪ bɪˈfɔː/ 前一天
- the next day /ðə nekst ˈdeɪ/ 第二天
- the following week /ðə ˌfɒləʊɪŋ ˈwiːk/ 下一个星期（转述时）
- order /ˈɔːdə/ 订单；订购
- parcel /ˈpɑːsl/ 包裹
- warehouse /ˈweəhaʊs/ 仓库
- missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ 丢失的，找不到的
- bank transfer /ˈbæŋk ˌtrænsfɜː/ 银行转账
- put on hold /ˌpʊt ɒn ˈhəʊld/ 让（电话里的人）稍等
- tracking number /ˈtrækɪŋ ˌnʌmbə/ 快递单号，追踪号码
- leave a message /ˌliːv ə ˈmesɪdʒ/ 留言
- on its way /ɒn ɪts ˈweɪ/ 在路上，正在途中
写作
写六个句子，转述一次电话或者一段往来的消息：别人对你说了什么，你说了什么，别人问了你什么，请你做什么。
范例： Last week I rang a hotel in Bath. The receptionist said that all the double rooms were booked for Saturday. She asked if I would like a single room instead. I told her that I was travelling with my wife. She asked me to wait while she checked another date. Then she said that they had a free room the following weekend.
检查清单：时态往回退了一步吗？转述问题用的是陈述语序，没有 do 和 did，一般疑问句用了 if 吗？请求用的是 to，禁止用的是 not to 吗？told 后面有对谁说吗？