Gramatika ~54 min od osnove preostalo

Izraziti žaljenje i želju

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Mogu da kažem da žalim zbog sadašnjeg stanja stvari i da se požalim na tuđe ponašanje.

Započni lekciju Jezgro 54 min · koraci: 6 · opciono: +2

Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.

Gramatika

15 min

U B1 #8 prošlo vreme posle if odvodilo je od stvarnosti: If I had more time… — vremena nema. I wish je napravljeno isto tako. To je engleski način da se kaže „šteta što…“ ili „voleo bih da…“.

Oblik: I wish + podmet + prošlo vreme. Glagol je u prošlom vremenu, ali je reč o današnjem danu.

kako jeste žaljenje
I don't have a car. I wish I had a car.
I can't swim. I wish I could swim.
I have to work on Saturdays. I wish I didn't have to work on Saturdays.
It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.
I'm not very tall. I wish I were taller.

Glavno: znak se menja. Pogledaj tabelu: gde je u životu „ne“, u žaljenju je „da“, i obrnuto. I wish I had a car — „šteta što nemam auto“. I wish I didn't have to work — „šteta što moram da radim“. Srpska rečenica sa „šteta što…“ imenuje ono što jeste („šteta što nemam“), engleska — ono što se želi („voleo bih da imam“). Zato pri prevodu negacija nestaje ili se pojavljuje.

Zašto prošlo vreme. I wish I had a car je, u stvari, prvi deo pogodbene rečenice iz B1 #8 bez drugog: „da imam auto…“. Prošli oblik i ovde znači „ovoga u stvarnosti nema“. Ako si savladao If I had…, onda se I wish I had… gradi potpuno isto; često i stoje jedno pored drugog: I wish I had a car. If I had a car, I'd drive to work.

Uz be ide were za sva lica, kao u If I were you; u razgovoru — i was. Umeće prenosi could: I wish I could drive. Obavezu — didn't have to, jer must nema prošli oblik (A2 #10).

If only — isto, ali jače, skoro uzvik: If only I had more time! — „Kad bih bar imao više vremena!“

I wish + would — hoću da se nešto promeni. Tako se govori o tuđem ponašanju koje nervira i o onome što ne zavisi od nas: I wish you would stop interrupting me. — „Prestani više da me prekidaš“ — s prekorom. I wish it would stop raining. — „Kad bi bar prestala kiša.“ would gleda napred: čovek može da počne da se ponaša drugačije. O sebi se tako ne govori: svoje ponašanje menjaš sam, bez wish. Umesto ✗ I wish I would… — I wish I could… ili I wish I had….

Uporedi:

I wish he didn't smoke. Šteta što puši. — samo žaljenje zbog činjenice
I wish he would stop smoking. Kad bi bar prestao! — hoću promenu, nezadovoljan sam

wish ili hope. hope — o onome što se sasvim može desiti, i posle njega stoji obično vreme: I hope you get the job. I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow. wish — o onome čega nema: I wish I had a job. Postoji i treće značenje — želja uz imenicu, bez prošlog vremena: I wish you luck, We wish you a happy New Year.

O prošlosti („šteta što tada nisam…“) wish se gradi drugačije, taj oblik dolazi kasnije. Ovde — samo o sadašnjosti.

Još primera:

I wish I knew the answer. Šteta što ne znam odgovor.
I wish you were here. Šteta što nisi ovde.
I wish my neighbours would turn the music down. Kad bi bar komšije utišale muziku.
If only I didn't live so far from work! Kad bar ne bih živeo tako daleko od posla!

Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I wish I didn't must work on Saturdays → ✓ I wish I didn't have to work on Saturdays. must nema prošli oblik, zato posle wish treba have to.

Proveri se. Šta znači I wish I lived in the country: da li čovek živi van grada ili ne? Kako reći „šteta što ne govorim nemački“? wish ili hope: „nadam se da će sutra biti sunčano“?

prikaži odgovore
ne, živi u gradu — wish + prošlo vreme govori o onome čega nema; I wish I spoke German (ili I wish I could speak German); hope — to se sasvim može desiti: I hope it's sunny tomorrow.
Oglas

Greške govornika srpskog jezika

prilagođeno vašem jeziku
1

Negacija iz srpske rečenice

I wish I didn't have a car je pravilan engleski, ali znači suprotno: „šteta što imam auto“. Za „šteta što nemam auto“ treba ✓ I wish I had a car. U „šteta što nemam“ stoji negacija, i lako je preneti. A engleska rečenica imenuje ono što se želi, kao „voleo bih da imam“.

2

Sadašnje vreme posle wish

✗ I wish I have more time → ✓ I wish I had more time; ✗ I wish I can drive → ✓ I wish I could drive. U „voleo bih da imam više vremena“, „da bar znam da vozim“ posle „da“ stoji prezent, pa se i engleski glagol ostavlja u sadašnjem vremenu. Ali posle wish vreme se pomera u prošlo, kao posle if u B1 #8.

3

would o sebi

✗ I wish I would speak Italian

✓ I wish I spoke Italian / I wish I could speak Italian

„Voleo bih da govorim“ i „kad bih bar govorio“ imaju potencijal, i on vuče na would. Ali I wish … would je o tuđem ponašanju ili o vremenu napolju, o sebi se tako ne govori.

4

wish umesto hope

✗ I wish you will pass the exam

✓ I hope you pass the exam / I hope you'll pass the exam

„Želim ti da položiš ispit“ vuče na wish. Ali o stvarnoj budućnosti govori se sa hope, kao „nadam se da ćeš položiti“, a wish sa will uopšte ne ide.

Izgovor

4 min

Žaljenje nosi intonacija fall-rise — pad pa porast, ista kao u učtivoj žalbi (A2 #25):

I wish I had more time ↘↗

Glas pada na naglašenom time i malo se podiže na kraju: „kad bi bar…“. Ravan pad zvuči kao suvo konstatovanje.

wish — /wɪʃ/: na početku je usneno /w/, a ne „v“; samoglasnik je kratko /ɪ/, a ne dugo „i“. U spoju I wish I glas /ʃ/ se stapa sa sledećim I: /aɪ ˈwɪʃ aɪ/ zvuči bez pauze.

If only — naglasak na only: /ɪf ˈəʊnli/. Prvi glas u only je diftong /əʊ/, kao u go, a ne čisto srpsko „o“.

Oglas

Tekst

5 min

I love my flat, but some days I wish I lived somewhere else. It's right in the centre of town, so everything is close. The problem is that it's tiny. I wish I had a proper kitchen — at the moment I cook on a small hob next to the sofa. And I wish the walls weren't so thin.

My neighbour upstairs is a nice young man, but he plays the drums. Every evening at ten, the concert starts. I wish he would practise in the afternoons instead. I've asked him twice, and he always says sorry, but nothing changes.

I also wish I could drive. If I had a car, I'd visit my parents more often. They live in a village in Yorkshire, and the trains there are slow and expensive. If only the buses were better!

Still, I'm not going to move. I like the cafés, the park and the noise of the street. I just hope my neighbour finds a new hobby soon. Maybe I'll buy him a guitar — a quiet one.

Čitanje naglas

Vežbe

30 min

1. Popunjavanje.

  1. I don't have enough time. I wish I (have) more time
  2. I can't speak Italian. I wish I (speak) Italian
  3. I can't drive. I wish I (can) drive
  4. It's raining again. I wish it (not / rain)
  5. My flat is very small. I wish it (be) bigger
  6. I have to get up at six. I wish I (not / have to) get up so early
  7. My brother always borrows my things. I wish he (stop) doing that
  8. I don't know her address. If only I (know) it!
Prikaži odgovore
had; spoke / could speak; could; wasn't raining / weren't raining; was / were; didn't have to; would stop; knew

2. Prepiši sa I wish

  1. I don't have a garden.
  2. I live so far from work.
  3. I can't play the guitar.
  4. I'm not good at maths.
  5. I have to wear a suit at work.
  6. My sister doesn't live near me.
Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had a garden; I wish I didn't live so far from work / I wish I lived closer to work; I wish I could play the guitar; I wish I were good at maths / I wish I was good at maths / I wish I were better at maths / I wish I was better at maths; I wish I didn't have to wear a suit at work; I wish my sister lived near me / I wish my sister lived nearer / I wish my sister lived closer

3. Prepiši žalbu sa I wish … would.

  1. My neighbour plays loud music at night. (stop)
  2. You never listen to me. (listen)
  3. It's been raining for three days. (stop)
  4. My colleague always leaves dirty cups on my desk. (not / leave)
  5. The bus is late again. (come)
Prikaži odgovore
I wish my neighbour would stop playing loud music at night / I wish my neighbour would stop playing loud music; I wish you would listen to me / I wish you'd listen to me; I wish it would stop raining; I wish my colleague wouldn't leave dirty cups on my desk / I wish my colleague would stop leaving dirty cups on my desk; I wish the bus would come / I wish the bus would come soon

4. Izbor.

  1. I you have a good trip
  2. I I knew the answer
  3. We it doesn't rain on Saturday
  4. I my parents lived closer
  5. I you feel better soon
Prikaži odgovore
hope; wish; hope; wish; hope

5. Pronalaženje greške.

  1. I wish I have more free time.
  2. I wish I would speak Italian.
  3. I wish I can come to your party.
  4. I wish you will pass the exam.
  5. If only I am ten years younger!
  6. I wish I didn't must get up at six.
Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had more free time; I wish I spoke Italian / I wish I could speak Italian; I wish I could come to your party; I hope you pass the exam / I hope you'll pass the exam / I hope you will pass the exam; If only I were ten years younger! / If only I was ten years younger!; I wish I didn't have to get up at six

6. Odgovori punim rečenicama

— o sebi. Odgovori ispod su primer. 1) What do you wish you could do? 2) What do you wish was different about your town? 3) Is there anything you wish other people would stop doing?

Prikaži odgovore
I wish I could play the piano; I wish there were more parks and fewer cars / I wish the buses were better; I wish people would stop using their phones in the cinema

7. Prevedi na engleski.

1) Šteta što nemam auto. 2) Šteta što ne znam da plivam. 3) Kad bi bar prestao da kasni! 4) Kad bih bar živeo bliže poslu! 5) Nadam se da ćeš brzo ozdraviti.

Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had a car; I wish I could swim; I wish he would stop being late! / I wish he'd stop being late!; If only I lived closer to work! / If only I lived nearer to work!; I hope you get better soon / I hope you feel better soon
Oglas

Rezime

Obrađeno

  • I wish i If only + prošlo vreme o sadašnjosti
  • could i didn't have to posle wish
  • promena znaka pri prevodu
  • I wish … would o tuđem ponašanju
  • wish naspram hope

Sledi lekcija 10: pretpostavke.

Kraj osnove

Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.

Lekcija 82

opciono

Reči za špil

14 reči
  • wish /wɪʃ/ želeti, žaliti (što nešto nije tako)
  • if only /ɪf ˈəʊnli/ kad bi bar, samo da
  • tiny /ˈtaɪni/ sićušan
  • proper /ˈprɒpə/ pravi, normalan
  • hob /hɒb/ ploča za kuvanje
  • thin /θɪn/ tanak
  • upstairs /ˌʌpˈsteəz/ gore, sprat iznad
  • drums /drʌmz/ bubnjevi
  • hobby /ˈhɒbi/ hobi
  • quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ tih, miran
  • noise /nɔɪz/ buka
  • interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ prekidati
  • suit /suːt/ odelo
  • get better /ˌɡet ˈbetə/ ozdraviti, oporaviti se

Pisanje

Pet-šest rečenica: tri stvari zbog kojih sada žališ u svom životu i jedna — zbog tuđeg ponašanja. Bar jedno If only….

Primer

I wish I had more free time. I work long hours, and I wish I didn't have to travel so much. I also wish I could play an instrument — my brother plays the piano beautifully. If only my flat were bigger! Then I'd buy a piano too. My colleague always talks loudly on the phone. I wish he would take his calls in the meeting room.

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