入住酒店,请求许可
能礼貌地请别人做事、请求许可,并办理酒店入住。
标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。
语法
5 分钟could:礼貌的请求。形式是过去式,意思却是现在。
| Could you help me, please? | 您能帮我一下吗? |
| Could I have the key, please? | 能给我钥匙吗? |
| Could you repeat that, please? | 请您再说一遍,好吗? |
could 是 can 的过去式,但在请求里和时间无关:这里的过去式表示的不是过去,而是一种礼貌的距离。汉语靠加词显得客气——“请问”“麻烦您”“能不能”;英语则把 can 换成 could。
这是从 A1 第1课开始的那道“台阶”的第三级,也是最后一级:
| 出处 | 什么时候用 | |
|---|---|---|
| Sorry? / A coffee, please. | A1 第1课,A1 第16课 | 任何时候都可以,最简短 |
| Can you…? / Can I…? | A1 第20课 | 一般的礼貌 |
| Could you…? / Could I…? | 本课 | 对陌生人、在酒店、在正式场合 |
May I…?:请求许可,比 could 更正式: May I come in?,May I use your phone? 几乎只和 I、we 连用。
I'd like…:礼貌的“我想要……”,在 A1 里我们用 A coffee, please 代替它: I'd like a coffee, please,I'd like to book a room。I'd = I would;would like 后面接名词,或者接 to + 动词。不要和 I like(“我喜欢”)混淆。
Would you mind + -ing 形式是最礼貌的请求,回答的逻辑正好相反:
| Would you mind opening the window? | 您介意打开窗户吗? |
| — Not at all. | ——一点也不介意。(= 我来开) |
字面意思是“您会介意吗?”,所以同意要用否定来回答。
中文母语者的常见错误
已针对你的语言编写用 please + 命令句提请求。
✗ Please give me the key
✓ Could I have the key, please?
汉语的“请给我钥匙”很客气,英语的命令句加上 please 却仍然是命令。在酒店、商店里要用 Could…? 来问。
“我要……”说成 I want。
✗ I want a room on a high floor
✓ I'd like a room on a high floor, please
。汉语的“我要一个房间”很自然,英语的 I want 听起来却像是在提要求。
could 后面加 to。
✗ Could you to help me?
✓ Could you help me?
和 must、should 一样(第10课、第11课),could、may 后面直接接动词原形。
用 Yes 回答 Would you mind。
✗ Yes(想表示“可以”)→ ✓ Not at all / Of course not / Sure。把它当成“可以吗?”来回答,就会说 Yes,可它的意思是“是的,我介意”。
发音
3 分钟请求和命令只靠语调区分,用词可以完全一样:
| Could you help me? ↘↗ | 请求——先降后升 |
| Could you help me. ↘ | 平而下降——听起来像命令 |
could 不重读,读 /kəd/,字母 l 不发音,和 should 一样。重音落在实义动词上: Could you help me?
课文
3 分钟Good evening. I have a reservation. The name is Zhang.
Could you spell that, please?
Z-H-A-N-G.
Thank you. Could I see your passport?
Here you are. Could I have a room on a high floor?
Of course. Room 512. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
Not at all.
练习
8–10 分钟1. 填空。
- help me, please?
- have the key, please?
- opening the window?
- come in?
显示答案
2. 改错。
- Could you to help me?
- Would you mind to open the window?
- — Would you mind waiting? — Yes.(表示同意)
显示答案
3. 配对。
- Sorry?
- Can you repeat that?
- Could you repeat that, please?
显示答案
4. 转换。
让请求更礼貌:Help me. → Can… → Could…
显示答案
小结
本课已学:表示请求的 could,表示许可的 may,I'd like,Would you mind + -ing,礼貌的三级台阶。下一课——第18课:复习第13–17课。
核心内容结束
完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。
可选
词卡词汇
13 词- reservation /ˌrezəˈveɪʃn/ 预订
- book /bʊk/ 预订;书
- key /kiː/ 钥匙
- floor /flɔː/ 地板;楼层
- lift /lɪft/ 电梯
- single room /ˈsɪŋɡl ruːm/ 单人间
- double room /ˈdʌbl ruːm/ 双人间
- check in /tʃek ˈɪn/ 办理入住
- check out /tʃek ˈaʊt/ 退房
- towel /ˈtaʊəl/ 毛巾
- of course /əv ˈkɔːs/ 当然
- mind /maɪnd/ 介意
- wait /weɪt/ 等,等待
写作
写一段入住酒店时的对话,共六句,用上三种不同的礼貌请求。
范例: — Good evening. I have a reservation. — Could I see your passport, please? — Here you are. Could I have a room on a high floor? — Of course. Would you mind waiting a few minutes? — Not at all. May I leave my bag here? — Of course.
检查清单:could 和 may 后面没有 to 吧?Would you mind 后面用的是 -ing 吗?请求里有 please 吗?