语法 剩余核心内容 ~21 分钟

入住酒店,请求许可

完成本课后你将能够

能礼貌地请别人做事、请求许可,并办理酒店入住。

开始课程 核心 19–21 分钟 · 步骤:6 · 可选:+2

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。

语法

5 分钟

could:礼貌的请求。形式是过去式,意思却是现在。

Could you help me, please? 您能帮我一下吗?
Could I have the key, please? 能给我钥匙吗?
Could you repeat that, please? 请您再说一遍,好吗?

could 是 can 的过去式,但在请求里和时间无关:这里的过去式表示的不是过去,而是一种礼貌的距离。汉语靠加词显得客气——“请问”“麻烦您”“能不能”;英语则把 can 换成 could。

这是从 A1 第1课开始的那道“台阶”的第三级,也是最后一级:

出处 什么时候用
Sorry? / A coffee, please. A1 第1课,A1 第16课 任何时候都可以,最简短
Can you…? / Can I…? A1 第20课 一般的礼貌
Could you…? / Could I…? 本课 对陌生人、在酒店、在正式场合

May I…?:请求许可,比 could 更正式: May I come in?,May I use your phone? 几乎只和 I、we 连用。

I'd like…:礼貌的“我想要……”,在 A1 里我们用 A coffee, please 代替它: I'd like a coffee, please,I'd like to book a room。I'd = I would;would like 后面接名词,或者接 to + 动词。不要和 I like(“我喜欢”)混淆。

Would you mind + -ing 形式是最礼貌的请求,回答的逻辑正好相反:

Would you mind opening the window? 您介意打开窗户吗?
— Not at all. ——一点也不介意。(= 我来开)

字面意思是“您会介意吗?”,所以同意要用否定来回答。

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中文母语者的常见错误

已针对你的语言编写
1

用 please + 命令句提请求。

✗ Please give me the key

✓ Could I have the key, please?

汉语的“请给我钥匙”很客气,英语的命令句加上 please 却仍然是命令。在酒店、商店里要用 Could…? 来问。

2

“我要……”说成 I want。

✗ I want a room on a high floor

✓ I'd like a room on a high floor, please

。汉语的“我要一个房间”很自然,英语的 I want 听起来却像是在提要求。

3

could 后面加 to。

✗ Could you to help me?

✓ Could you help me?

和 must、should 一样(第10课、第11课),could、may 后面直接接动词原形。

4

用 Yes 回答 Would you mind。

✗ Yes(想表示“可以”)→ ✓ Not at all / Of course not / Sure。把它当成“可以吗?”来回答,就会说 Yes,可它的意思是“是的,我介意”。

发音

3 分钟

请求和命令只靠语调区分,用词可以完全一样:

Could you help me? ↘↗ 请求——先降后升
Could you help me. ↘ 平而下降——听起来像命令

could 不重读,读 /kəd/,字母 l 不发音,和 should 一样。重音落在实义动词上: Could you help me?

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课文

3 分钟

Good evening. I have a reservation. The name is Zhang.

Could you spell that, please?

Z-H-A-N-G.

Thank you. Could I see your passport?

Here you are. Could I have a room on a high floor?

Of course. Room 512. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?

Not at all.

朗读

练习

8–10 分钟

1. 填空。

  1. help me, please?
  2. have the key, please?
  3. opening the window?
  4. come in?
显示答案
Could you, Could I, Would you mind, May I.

2. 改错。

  1. Could you to help me?
  2. Would you mind to open the window?
  3. — Would you mind waiting? — Yes.(表示同意)
显示答案
Could you help me?; Would you mind opening the window?; Not at all. / No, not at all. / Of course not. / Sure.

3. 配对。

  1. Sorry?
  2. Can you repeat that?
  3. Could you repeat that, please?
显示答案
`Sorry?` — 任何场合; `Can you repeat that?` — 对朋友; `Could you repeat that, please?` — 在酒店对前台.

4. 转换。

让请求更礼貌:Help me. → Can… → Could…

显示答案
Can you help me? → Could you help me, please?
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小结

本课已学:表示请求的 could,表示许可的 may,I'd like,Would you mind + -ing,礼貌的三级台阶。下一课——第18课:复习第13–17课。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 54 课

可选

词卡词汇

13 词
  • reservation /ˌrezəˈveɪʃn/ 预订
  • book /bʊk/ 预订;书
  • key /kiː/ 钥匙
  • floor /flɔː/ 地板;楼层
  • lift /lɪft/ 电梯
  • single room /ˈsɪŋɡl ruːm/ 单人间
  • double room /ˈdʌbl ruːm/ 双人间
  • check in /tʃek ˈɪn/ 办理入住
  • check out /tʃek ˈaʊt/ 退房
  • towel /ˈtaʊəl/ 毛巾
  • of course /əv ˈkɔːs/ 当然
  • mind /maɪnd/ 介意
  • wait /weɪt/ 等,等待

写作

写一段入住酒店时的对话,共六句,用上三种不同的礼貌请求。

范例: — Good evening. I have a reservation. — Could I see your passport, please? — Here you are. Could I have a room on a high floor? — Of course. Would you mind waiting a few minutes? — Not at all. May I leave my bag here? — Of course.

检查清单:could 和 may 后面没有 to 吧?Would you mind 后面用的是 -ing 吗?请求里有 please 吗?

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