语法 剩余核心内容 ~54 分钟

转述别人的建议

完成本课后你将能够

能转述的不仅是别人的话,还有说话人的意图——建议、拒绝、承诺、提议。

开始课程 核心 54 分钟 · 步骤:6 · 可选:+2

标注的核心时长。核心模块中有两项未标注时长,因此实际课时比总和更长。

语法

15 分钟

学完第15课,你已经能用 said、told 和 asked 转述任何话了。可是在真实的转述里,比原话更重要的是意图:对方是在劝告、拒绝、承诺,还是在提议。英语用一个动词就能把意图表达出来。He said, "I'll help you" → He offered to help me. 转述变短了,而且一下子就能看出对方为什么这么说。

形式:三种结构。 这些动词按后面接什么分成三组。记动词的时候,要连它属于哪一组一起记。

动词 + 人 + to + 动词。 说话人希望别人去做某事,所以要说出这个人。否定是 not to。

advise——劝告,建议 The doctor advised me to rest.
warn——警告 She warned us not to swim there.
remind——提醒 He reminded me to lock the door.
invite——邀请 They invited us to stay for dinner.

第15课的 ask 和 tell 也属于这一组:asked me to wait,told us not to be late。

动词 + to + 动词,不提别人。 是说话人自己要去做,或者自己拒绝做,所以不需要说出别人。

offer——主动提出(帮忙) He offered to carry my bag.
promise——答应,保证 She promised to call. / She promised not to tell anyone.
refuse——拒绝 He refused to answer.
agree——同意 They agreed to change the date.

动词 + -ing,或者介词 + -ing。 suggest 是给大家提出一个想法,不说由谁来做——所以用 -ing。介词(for、on)后面的动词总是用 -ing 形式。

suggest——建议,提议 She suggested going by train.
apologise for——为……道歉 He apologised for being late.
thank 人 for——为……感谢某人 She thanked me for helping.
insist on——坚持要 He insisted on paying.

suggest 还有第二种说法——接一个完整的句子:She suggested that we should go by train. 需要说出向谁提议时,这样说很方便。

什么变简单了。 用表示意图的动词,就不需要第15课的时态后移了。to + 动词和 -ing 形式本身没有时态:时态由表示意图的动词来表示。比较一下:He said he would call me——转述原话,要用 would; He promised to call me——转述意图,would 就不需要了。转述不仅变短了,也变简单了。

其中有些动词也可以接 that 引导的完整句子:She promised that she would call,He agreed that the plan was good。但是表达意图时,短的说法听起来更自然。讲述一次谈话时,表示意图的动词通常和 said、told 交替使用。如果每句话都用 said 转述,听起来很单调;如果全都用表示意图的动词,又像会议记录。

什么时候用哪个动词。 提示就在说话人的原话里:

"You should see a doctor." / "If I were you, I'd…" advise
"I'll help you." / "Shall I carry it?" offer
"I'll do it, I promise." promise
"No, I won't." refuse
"OK, fine." agree
"Let's…" / "Why don't we…?" suggest
"Sorry I'm late." apologise for
"Don't forget to…" remind
"Be careful — don't…" warn
"You'd better…" advise
"You'd better not…" warn

直接提建议:You'd better… 转述建议之前,先要能听懂它,自己也会提。除了 should(A2 第11课)和 If I were you(第8课),英语里还有一种带警告意味的建议:had better + 不带 to 的动词。意思是 “最好这样做,不然会有麻烦”。这里的 had 不是过去时:这是一个固定的形式,说的是现在或者马上要发生的事。口语里几乎总是缩写:'d better。

You'd better see a doctor. 你最好去看看医生(不然会更严重)。
You'd better not be late again. 你可别再迟到了。
I'd better go — it's nearly midnight. 我得走了,都快半夜了。
We'd better take an umbrella. 我们最好带把伞(不然会淋湿)。

否定是在 better 后面加 not:You'd better not。这里的 'd 是 had,不是 would,虽然写法一样。

should 还是 had better? You should see a doctor——平和的建议,“最好去一下”。 You'd better see a doctor——语气更强,而且针对具体情况:不这样做,就会有后果。所以说普遍的道理时不用 had better:说 People should sleep eight hours,而不说 had better。对上司或者陌生人说 You'd better…,听起来可能像威胁;说自己——I'd better go——对谁都可以这样说。

转述。 直接的建议用表示意图的动词来转述:"You'd better see a doctor" → She advised me to see a doctor;"You'd better not swim here" → He warned us not to swim there。had better 在转述里不后移,也可以用 said:She said I'd better see a doctor。

比较 offer 和 suggest——汉语里都可以说“提出”:

He offered to drive us. 他主动提出开车送我们——他自己开车。
He suggested taking a taxi. 他提议打车——这是给大家出的主意。

offer——主动提供自己的帮助或者东西;suggest——提出一个想法。

更多例句:

My friend advised me not to buy the car. 朋友劝我别买那辆车。
They refused to give us our money back. 他们拒绝把钱退给我们。
I apologised for forgetting her birthday. 我为忘了她的生日道了歉。

不能这样说。 ✗ He insisted to pay → ✓ He insisted on paying。insist 后面总是 on 加 -ing 形式。✗ You'd better to go → ✓ You'd better go。had better 后面和情态动词后面一样,不加 to。

自我检测。 "Let's take a taxi" 用哪个动词转述?He advised to rest 错在哪里?“你最好别迟到”英语怎么说?又怎么转述?

显示答案
suggest——She suggested taking a taxi; 没有说出劝告的对象:He advised me to rest; You'd better not be late——She warned me not to be late.
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中文母语者的常见错误

已针对你的语言编写
1

用“建议”的结构套 suggest 和 advise。

✗ She suggested me to wait,✗ He suggested to go by train → ✓ She suggested that I should wait,He suggested going by train。✗ The doctor advised to rest → ✓ The doctor advised me to rest。汉语的“建议”后面可以直接接人和动词(“她建议我等一等”),也可以不提人(“医生建议多休息”)。英语里 suggest 后面不接人 + to,只接 -ing 或 that 从句; advise 后面却一定要有人,再接 to。

2

advice 加 a 或者 -s。

✗ He gave me a good advise,✗ many advices → ✓ He gave me some good advice,a good piece of advice。汉语说“一个建议”“很多建议”,英语就跟着加了 a 或 -s。可是 advice 是不可数名词。拼写也要注意:advise 是动词,advice 是名词。

3

had better 后面加 to。

✗ You'd better to go,✗ You'd better not to be late → ✓ You'd better go,You'd better not be late。“最好去”“最好别迟到”在汉语里只是“最好”加动词,学的人容易按 need to 的习惯加上 to。had better 像情态动词一样,后面直接跟动词,否定是 not + 动词。

4

介词后面用动词原形。

✗ He apologised for be late,✗ Thank you for help me,✗ He insisted to pay → ✓ He apologised for being late,Thank you for helping me,He insisted on paying。汉语动词没有词形变化:“为迟到道歉”“谢谢你帮我”“坚持要付钱”。英语里介词后面的动词要用 -ing,insist 后面还要有 on。

发音

4 分钟

表示意图的动词要重读——意思就靠它:

He offered to help. She refused to answer. They agreed to wait.

advise 和 advice 的区别在最后一个音: advise /ədˈvaɪz/——动词,结尾是浊音 /z/; advice /ədˈvaɪs/——名词,结尾是清音 /s/。

You'd better——/jʊd ˈbetə/: /b/ 前面的 /d/ 几乎听不见,听起来像 /jʊ ˈbetə/。但是写的时候 'd 一定要有。重音在 better 和实义动词上:You'd BETter GO。

这几个词的重音容易放错: promise /ˈprɒmɪs/——重音在第一个音节;suggest /səˈdʒest/——在第二个音节,第一个音节短而轻;apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/——四个音节,重音在第二个; refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/——在第二个音节,结尾是 /z/。

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课文

5 分钟

On Monday our team had a difficult meeting. We were supposed to finish a big presentation for a client by Friday, but half of it wasn't ready.

Tom arrived ten minutes late and apologised for keeping everyone waiting. He promised to send us his part that evening. Lucy offered to help him with the charts, but he refused — he said he had almost finished.

Then our manager, Helen, looked at the plan and suggested working in pairs. She advised us to start with the hardest slides and warned us not to change the design at the last minute. I reminded her that two people were on holiday that week. She thought for a moment and agreed to move the deadline to the following Wednesday. "But you'd better not ask for more time again," she added with a smile.

After the meeting Tom thanked Lucy for offering to help and invited us all to lunch. He insisted on paying for everyone. I think he simply felt guilty about being late.

朗读

练习

30 分钟

1. 用括号里的一个动词代替转述。

  1. Tom said to me, "I'll carry your bag." (offer)
  2. Anna said, "No, I won't sign it." (refuse)
  3. The doctor said to me, "You should rest for a week." (advise)
  4. Mark said, "Let's go by train." (suggest)
  5. He said, "Sorry I'm late." (apologise)
  6. She said to me, "Don't forget to lock the door." (remind)
  7. Dad said, "I'll call you every day." (promise)
  8. The guide said to us, "Don't swim here." (warn)
  9. She said to me, "Thank you for helping." (thank)
  10. They said, "OK, we'll meet on Friday." (agree)
  11. My friend said to me, "You'd better see a doctor." (advise)
  12. Mum said to us, "You'd better not touch the oven." (warn)
显示答案
Tom offered to carry my bag; Anna refused to sign it; The doctor advised me to rest for a week; Mark suggested going by train / Mark suggested that we should go by train / Mark suggested that we go by train; He apologised for being late; She reminded me to lock the door; Dad promised to call me every day; The guide warned us not to swim there / The guide warned us not to swim here; She thanked me for helping / She thanked me for helping her; They agreed to meet on Friday; My friend advised me to see a doctor; Mum warned us not to touch the oven

2. 把括号里的动词变成正确形式:

  1. He offered (drive) us to the station
  2. She suggested (have) lunch in the park
  3. I apologised for (forget) her birthday
  4. They agreed (wait) another week
  5. He insisted on (pay) for everyone
  6. My friend advised me (not / buy) that car
  7. She refused (answer) my question
  8. Thank you for (invite) us
显示答案
to drive; having; forgetting; to wait; paying; not to buy; to answer; inviting

3. 找出错误并改正。

  1. He suggested to go by train.
  2. She advised to see a doctor.
  3. He apologised for be late.
  4. They suggested me to wait outside.
  5. She warned us don't go out alone.
  6. He gave me a very useful advise.
显示答案
He suggested going by train / He suggested that we should go by train; She advised me to see a doctor / She advised him to see a doctor / She advised us to see a doctor; He apologised for being late; They suggested that I should wait outside / They suggested that I wait outside / They suggested waiting outside; She warned us not to go out alone; He gave me some very useful advice / He gave me a very useful piece of advice

4. 配对。

  1. "Shall I help you?"
  2. "No, I won't."
  3. "Let's eat out tonight."
  4. "Sorry!"
  5. "Don't forget your keys."
显示答案
`"Shall I help you?"` — offer; `"No, I won't."` — refuse; `"Let's eat out tonight."` — suggest; `"Sorry!"` — apologise; `"Don't forget your keys."` — remind

5. 把提示扩展成建议

  1. It's going to rain. (you / take an umbrella)
  2. The boss is angry about yesterday. (you / not / be late again)
  3. It's nearly midnight. (I / go home)
显示答案
You'd better take an umbrella / You had better take an umbrella; You'd better not be late again / You had better not be late again; I'd better go home / I had better go home

6. 译成英语。

1) 他主动提出开车送我回家。 2) 她提议去看电影。 3) 医生劝我多走走。 4) 他拒绝在合同上签字。 5) 她为没打电话道了歉。 6) 提醒我买面包。

显示答案
He offered to drive me home / He offered to give me a lift home; She suggested going to the cinema / She suggested that we should go to the cinema; The doctor advised me to walk more; He refused to sign the contract; She apologised for not calling / She apologised for not phoning; Remind me to buy some bread / Remind me to buy bread

7. 讲讲别人的建议。

回想一下,最近谁给过你建议、答应过你什么、主动提出帮忙,或者拒绝了你什么。用四个句子转述,用四个不同的表示意图的动词。

范例:Last week my sister advised me to find a new job. My friend Sam offered to look at my CV. My boss refused to give me a day off. In the end my wife suggested going away for the weekend.

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小结

本课已学:三种结构的转述动词——advise、warn、remind、invite + 人 + to; offer、promise、refuse、agree + to;suggest、apologise for、thank for、insist on + -ing;否定 not to;offer 和 suggest 的区别;advise 和 advice;直接提建议的 You'd better… 和 You'd better not…,它和 should 的区别,以及怎样转述。下一课——第17课:准确地描述。

核心内容结束

完成练习后即视为课程结束。此后的内容均为可选。

第 89 课

可选

词卡词汇

17 词
  • advise /ədˈvaɪz/ 劝告,建议(某人做某事)
  • had better /hæd ˈbetə/ 最好(带警告意味的建议)
  • offer /ˈɒfə/ 主动提出(帮忙)
  • suggest /səˈdʒest/ 建议,提议
  • refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ 拒绝
  • promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ 答应,保证
  • remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ 提醒
  • warn /wɔːn/ 警告,提醒注意
  • apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ 道歉
  • insist on /ɪnˈsɪst ɒn/ 坚持(要)
  • invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ 邀请
  • slide /slaɪd/ 幻灯片
  • chart /tʃɑːt/ 图表
  • design /dɪˈzaɪn/ 设计,版式
  • at the last minute /ət ðə ˌlɑːst ˈmɪnɪt/ 在最后一刻
  • guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ 内疚的
  • deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ 截止日期,期限

写作

写六个句子,转述一次工作上或者家里的谈话,至少用四个不同的表示意图的动词,还要有一个 not to。

范例: Last Sunday we discussed our summer holiday. My husband suggested renting a cottage in Cornwall. My mother warned us not to go in August because of the crowds. My son refused to go anywhere without his friend, so we agreed to take the friend too. My brother offered to lend us his car. In the end I promised to book everything by Friday.

检查清单:suggest 后面用的是 -ing 或者 that 吗?advise、warn、remind 后面说出人了吗? offer、promise、refuse 后面没有人吧?介词后面用的是 -ing 形式吗?'d better 后面的动词没有加 to 吧?

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